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Foreign Investment (foreign + investment)
Selected AbstractsCHINA BANS FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN TOBACCO MARKETADDICTION, Issue 5 2005Article first published online: 22 APR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Corporate Governance: And the Bargaining Power of Developing Countries to Attract Foreign InvestmentCORPORATE GOVERNANCE, Issue 2 2000Enrique Rueda-Sabater Following the rapid growth of foreign investment flows in the 1980s and 1990s some countries that had been dependent on official aid are now (even after the recent financial crises) obtaining most of their external financing from private sources. But low-income countries still receive little private capital flows. Arguing that corporate governance, broadly defined to include many business practices, is an important determinant of inward foreign investment this paper explores links between corporate Governance: And the ability of developing countries to attract foreign investment. It raises policy questions for developing countries and points to the need for complementary actions by government, businesses associations and institutional investors to promote corporate governance improvements. [source] Foreign Investment, Vertical Integration and Local Equity RequirementsECONOMICA, Issue 284 2004Avik Chakrabarti The paper presents a spatial model in which a foreign firm and local government behave strategically in setting a local equity requirement (LER). Contrary to simple intuition, larger equity requirements may increase economic efficiency, but this conclusion is highly sensitive to the vertical structure of the foreign firm. When the foreign firm has monopoly power in both foreign (upstream) and domestic (downstream) markets, the optimal equity requirement is zero. Surprisingly, the introduction of domestic competition upstream causes the government to adopt a LER which lowers economic efficiency. [source] Development Zones, Foreign Investment, and Global City Formation in Shanghai*GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 1 2005YEHUA DENNIS WEI ABSTRACT The rapid economic ascent of China and the increasing integration of the world economy in the past two decades have made metropolises in China such as Shanghai and Beijing emerging global cities. Foreign investment is a central force underlying the emergence and transformation of the Chinese metropolises into global cities. This is especially true in Shanghai, which has experienced massive infusion of foreign investment. Varied forms of foreign investment or development zones have been created to promote foreign investment inflows, yet remain under-studied. This paper analyzes structure, performance, and underlying factors of development zones in Shanghai, and discusses the implications for global city-formation; it unfolds the variations among development zones, and illustrates the significant role of the state and local conditions. As the literature on global cities dwells primarily on the experiences of advanced economies, this paper further contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of emerging global cities in the developing world. [source] ZIMBABWE: Seeking Foreign InvestmentAFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 8 2010Article first published online: 30 SEP 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] DR CONGO , ASIA, MIDDLE EAST: Foreign InvestmentAFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 6 2010Article first published online: 3 AUG 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Organizational Learning and Productivity: State Structure and Foreign Investment in the Rise of the Chinese CorporationMANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW, Issue 2 2005Doug Guthrie abstract Over the two and a half decades of economic reform in China, two types of Chinese firms have consistently outperformed their peers. In the 1980s, it was the firms at the lower levels of the industrial hierarchy, the township and village enterprises that were closely monitored by local governments. In the 1990s and beyond, the top performers have been those Chinese firms that have formal relationships with foreign investors. While many studies on the economic reforms in China have focused on the hardening of budget constraints and the transfer of technology from foreign to Chinese firms, I focus here on the stability created by relationships with local government offices and with powerful foreign investors. Where advocates of shock therapy have argued that a rapid transition to market institutions was the best path to building a market economy, I argue that the successful practices of the market are learned gradually over time, and the Chinese firms that are stabilized by attention from local government offices and relationships with foreign investors are well-positioned to successfully navigate China's emerging markets. A quantitative analysis of 81 firms in industrial Shanghai and three case studies help illuminate the mechanisms behind these relationships. [source] Costs and Benefits of Export-Oriented Foreign Investment: The Case of ChinaASIAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2000Yun-Wing Sung The costs and benefits of export-oriented FDI have been discussed by Helleiner (1973, 1998), Watanabe (1972), Sharpston (1975), and others. Processed exports generated from FDI have constituted over half of the exports of Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and China. Despite the importance of processed exports, empirical studies of their costs and benefits are difficult due to lack of data, especially on transfer earnings. Data on the division of benefits between the source and host countries are scarce and unreliable. This paper examines the costs and benefits of export-oriented foreign investment for China. China has been highly successful in exporting and in attracting FDI, especially export-oriented FDI from Hong Kong. Since 1993, China has become the second largest recipient of FDI in the world after the US, and Hong Kong has become the world's fourth largest source of FDI after the US, UK, and Germany. China's processed exports are largely re-exported via Hong Kong. As a result, good data on the total value-added of processed exports for Mainland China and for Hong Kong are available. It is found that the rate of value-added for Mainland China is relatively low compare with that for Hong Kong, indicating transfer pricing and absence of linkages in the mainland. This appears to be due to the rigidity of China's economic system which hampers backward and forward linkages. The mainland is thus dependent on Hong Kong for many services in the value-added chain. However, the rate of value-added for China has increased substantially since 1996, indicating an increase in both backward and forward linkages. [source] Intellectual Property Rights and Foreign Investment: The Political Economy of Taiwan's Technology-Intensive Foreign Direct InvestmentASIAN POLITICS AND POLICY, Issue 4 2009Douglas B. Fuller This article employs Taiwan's institutions for intellectual property rights (IPR) to explain two aspects of Taiwan's foreign direct investment behavior: the location of offshore sites for Taiwanese research and development, and investment by Taiwanese venture capitalists. The article first describes the evolution of Taiwan's informal IPR practices that differ from the ideal typical IPR regime supposedly required for economies as technologically sophisticated as Taiwan's. Essentially, Taiwan has developed informal practices to protect corporate IPR that are centered on internal corporate mechanisms rather than external formal legal mechanisms. Relying on these informal practices, the article discusses how Taiwan has invested in technology-intensive activities in locations where IPR protection is weak. This behavior stands in sharp contrast to the behavior of multinationals from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. [source] Foreign Investment and Trade in Cuban Development: A 50-Year Reassessment with Emphasis on the Post-1990 PeriodBULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009MARIBEL APONTE-GARCÍA This article provides a 50-year reassessment of foreign investment and trade in Cuba and locates this analysis within Cuban debates on development and the economics of transition. Transformations contextualised in these debates cover three periods. The 1959,1989 period was characterised by nationalisations and expropriations, the imposition of the US trade embargo, and the trade and economic assistance agreements signed with the Soviet Union. The Special Period crisis emerged in the 1990s and Cuba had to turn to foreign investment and alternative trade options while continuing to reject the adoption of open regionalism and neoliberal policies. The 2005,2008 period was characterised by Cuba's incorporation into the Bolivarian Alternative, a new regional integration model. [source] Has Minority Foreign Investment in China's Banks Improved Their Cost Efficiency?CHINA AND WORLD ECONOMY, Issue 3 2008James Laurenceson C24; D24; F21; G21 Abstract Since 2001, foreign investors have been permitted to acquire minority ownership stakes in China's banks. This paper assesses whether there is any evidence of a cost efficiency payoff in those banks that have taken on foreign investment. Data envelopment analysis is first used to generate measures of cost efficiency for China's banks over the period 2001,2006. A second stage regression is then performed to determine whether foreign investment has an impact on cost efficiency. The results indicate a positive relationship, although one that is not statistically significant. Policy implications are discussed. [source] TUNISIA: Foreign Investments RiseAFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 1 2009Article first published online: 9 MAR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Development Zones, Foreign Investment, and Global City Formation in Shanghai*GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 1 2005YEHUA DENNIS WEI ABSTRACT The rapid economic ascent of China and the increasing integration of the world economy in the past two decades have made metropolises in China such as Shanghai and Beijing emerging global cities. Foreign investment is a central force underlying the emergence and transformation of the Chinese metropolises into global cities. This is especially true in Shanghai, which has experienced massive infusion of foreign investment. Varied forms of foreign investment or development zones have been created to promote foreign investment inflows, yet remain under-studied. This paper analyzes structure, performance, and underlying factors of development zones in Shanghai, and discusses the implications for global city-formation; it unfolds the variations among development zones, and illustrates the significant role of the state and local conditions. As the literature on global cities dwells primarily on the experiences of advanced economies, this paper further contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of emerging global cities in the developing world. [source] Foreign investment: Impact on China's economyJOURNAL OF CORPORATE ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 6 2010Roger Y. W. Tang Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been a key driver of economic growth, globalization of business, and the expansion of international trade. And in today's age of the Internet and globalization, the impact of FDI and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) on a hosting country's economy will be more profound than it was in the twentieth century. Given all that, what roles are FIEs playing in the economy of the world's most populous country-China? And what are the implications for investors? © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Corporate Governance: And the Bargaining Power of Developing Countries to Attract Foreign InvestmentCORPORATE GOVERNANCE, Issue 2 2000Enrique Rueda-Sabater Following the rapid growth of foreign investment flows in the 1980s and 1990s some countries that had been dependent on official aid are now (even after the recent financial crises) obtaining most of their external financing from private sources. But low-income countries still receive little private capital flows. Arguing that corporate governance, broadly defined to include many business practices, is an important determinant of inward foreign investment this paper explores links between corporate Governance: And the ability of developing countries to attract foreign investment. It raises policy questions for developing countries and points to the need for complementary actions by government, businesses associations and institutional investors to promote corporate governance improvements. [source] ,Going out': the growth of Chinese foreign direct investment in Southeast Asia and its implications for corporate social responsibilityCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2005Stephen Frost Abstract Analysts have finally started to pay increasing attention to the rapidly rising levels of Chinese investment abroad. Deals such as Lenovo's purchase of IBM's PC production arm have sparked interest in a quiet revolution. The story now is not just about the flow of foreign investment in China, but also of the flow of China's investment into other countries. However, most interest so far has concentrated on big ticket investments in the West and the consequences for European and particularly US geopolitical interests. Of less concern thus far have been the implications of Chinese investment on corporate social responsibility. This paper is a preliminary assessment of the potential implications of Chinese investments: in particular, the effect on sanctions designed to improve human rights (with specific reference to Myanmar), and whether pressure can be maintained on foreign investors to comply with international standards and norms in the face of Chinese investment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] CONSUMING CLASS: Multilevel Marketers in Neoliberal MexicoCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2008PETER S. CAHN ABSTRACT Since the 1980s, Mexican leaders have followed other Latin American countries in pursuing neoliberal economic policies designed to stimulate foreign investment, reduce public spending, and promote free trade. Recent studies of indigenous movements and popular protests challenge the idea that these market-based economic reforms enjoy a broad consensus and suggest that elites impose them by force. By turning the focus to middle-class Mexicans, I argue that some nonelite sectors of society avidly welcome the reign of the free market. Although they do not profit directly from unregulated capitalism, the middle class looks to neoliberalism to ensure access to the material markers of class status. The rising popularity of multilevel marketing companies in Mexico, which glorify consumption and celebrate the possibilities of entrepreneurship, demonstrates the appeal of neoliberalism to citizens fearful of diminished purchasing power. By tying consumption to globalized free markets, neoliberalism does not need coercion to win acceptance. [source] In Situ Urbanization in Rural China: Case Studies from Fujian ProvinceDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 2 2000Yu Zhu In most parts of the developing world, the urbanization process has been dominated by rural,urban migration and the growth of existing cities. However, case-studies in China's Fujian Province suggest that this process can also be achieved mainly by in situ transformation in rural areas. Such in situ transformation of rural areas has been driven mainly by two forces, the development of township and village enterprises (TVEs) and the inflow of foreign investment; and facilitated by the relevant policies adopted by the Chinese government since 1978. The former has been very effective in the transformation of rural employment structure, while the latter has brought many physical changes to the previously rural landscape. Being mutually complementary, these two ways of rural transformation have not only benefited and urbanized the rural areas, but kept many farmers in their hometowns, replacing the dominant role of rural,urban migration and the growth of existing cities in the urbanization process. [source] The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets?DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 2 2006W. Bruce Traill A series of articles, many of them published in this journal, have charted the rapid spread of supermarkets in developing and middle-income countries and forecast its continuation. In this article, the level of supermarket penetration (share of the retail food market) is modelled quantitatively on a cross-section of 42 countries for which data could be obtained, representing all stages of development. GDP per capita, income distribution, urbanisation, female labour force participation and openness to inward foreign investment are all significant explanators. Projections to 2015 suggest significant but not explosive further penetration; increased openness and GDP growth are the most significant factors. [source] Conflict, trade and the medium-term future of food security in SudanDISASTERS, Issue 2007David Keen Recent economic growth and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) have both been seen as grounds for optimism about the future of food security in Sudan. However, solving the North- South conflict (if indeed it is solved) does not resolve conflicts within either the North or the South and may even encourage a variety of conflicts. The classic neoliberal prescription of peace, growth and foreign investment may deepen (and obscure) the needs and grievances of those who have historically been left behind in a dysfunctional development process. Historically, some of those marginalised by patterns of development in Sudan have chosen to rebel, while others have had their grievances diverted against those even more marginal than themselves. Dysfunctional and violent processes of development must be reversed. They cannot be adequately compensated for-but may be legitimised-by attempts to use food aid as a ,safety net'. Meanwhile, those who benefited from war may have incentives to derail the peace. [source] The history of foreign investment in the United States, 1914 to 1945ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 1 2005FORREST CAPIE No abstract is available for this article. [source] Commodity chains, foreign investment and labour issues in Eastern EuropeGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 2 2003Laszlo Czaban In terms of ownership and operations, many companies in Eastern Europe have now been integrated into the world economy. In this article, informed in part by a critical engagement with the Global Commodity Chains (GCC) perspective, we explore the nature and significance of international linkages among firms in Eastern Europe. In particular, we argue that it has been the legacies of the state socialist past embedded in the inherited macro- and microeconomic structures, on the one hand, and the strategies of multinational firms on the other, rather than the international linkages in any simple sense, that have been the main influencing factors. While we do not deny the existence of inter-firm relations similar to the ones described in the GCC literature, we point out that these relationships are much more complex than assumed in that approach and that this complexity is a product of the very different historical backgrounds and modes of incorporation into the world economy of the various Eastern European societies. Drawing on empirical evidence from Hungary and focusing specifically on employment and other labour issues, we argue that there are a variety of firm development paths in Eastern Europe and that these have differing implications for the integration of firms, regions and countries of Eastern Europe into the world economy. [source] Calling capital: call centre strategies in New Brunswick and New ZealandGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 2 2002Wendy Larner This article compares government promoted call centre initiatives in New Zealand and New Brunswick, Canada, thereby identifying differing policies and practices associated with ,globalization'. Both New Brunswick and New Zealand are small resource based economies in which policy makers aspire to attract foreign investment into call centres as a new means of economic growth and job creation. However there are significant differences between the two call centre strategies. In New Brunswick the provincial government plays a central role, most notably through the use of incentives to lure companies to the province but also through the coordination of education and training. In New Zealand an informal network made up of public and private sector actors drives the strategy, and the relevant government agency (Trade NZ) plays only a coordinating role. Despite these differences both call centre strategies aspire to link service sector activities into global flows and networks, and foster low wage and feminized forms of employment. [source] Development Zones, Foreign Investment, and Global City Formation in Shanghai*GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 1 2005YEHUA DENNIS WEI ABSTRACT The rapid economic ascent of China and the increasing integration of the world economy in the past two decades have made metropolises in China such as Shanghai and Beijing emerging global cities. Foreign investment is a central force underlying the emergence and transformation of the Chinese metropolises into global cities. This is especially true in Shanghai, which has experienced massive infusion of foreign investment. Varied forms of foreign investment or development zones have been created to promote foreign investment inflows, yet remain under-studied. This paper analyzes structure, performance, and underlying factors of development zones in Shanghai, and discusses the implications for global city-formation; it unfolds the variations among development zones, and illustrates the significant role of the state and local conditions. As the literature on global cities dwells primarily on the experiences of advanced economies, this paper further contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of emerging global cities in the developing world. [source] Tourism and national identity in UgandaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 6 2008Andrew Lepp Abstract Over the last decade, international tourism has grown rapidly in Uganda. This has been planned by a small consortium of tourism officials working with the central government. Through data obtained from interviews with Ugandan tourism officials, this paper critically assesses their understandings of tourism's role in Uganda's development. Officials conceptualise tourism as a means of constructing a positive national identity for foreign consumption, and hope that a positive national identity abroad will increase foreign investment and spark development. This research considers (re)presentations of the nation and the way(s) in which Uganda is being developed as a tourist destination. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Sources of Negative Attitudes toward Immigrants in Europe: A Multi-Level Analysis,INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, Issue 1 2010Elisa Rustenbach In recent times, many nations are experiencing an increase in anti-immigrant attitudes on the part of natives. Most papers only explore one or two sources of anti-immigrant attitudes at a time, which provides an incomplete picture of the effects at work. This paper tests eight different explanations for anti-immigrant attitudes: cultural marginality theory, human capital theory, political affiliation, societal integration, neighborhood safety, contact theory, foreign investment, and economic competition. Analysis is conducted using combined data from the European Social Survey and Eurostat/OECD and individual-, regional-, and national-level predictors. Results indicate that key predictors of anti-immigrant attitudes are regional and national interpersonal trust, education level, foreign direct investment, and political variables. [source] Mapping Internationalization: Domestic and Regional ImpactsINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2001Etel Solingen This article introduces a conceptual design for mapping the domestic impact of internationalization. It proposes that internationalization leads to a trimodal domestic coalitional profile and advances a set of expectations about the regional effects of each profile. Aggregate data from ninety-eight coalitions in nineteen states over five regions suggests that between 1948 and 1993 the three coalitional types differed in their international behavior. Internationalizing coalitions deepened trade openness, expanded exports, attracted foreign investments, restrained military-industrial complexes, initiated fewer international crises, eschewed weapons of mass destruction, deferred to international economic and security regimes, and strove for regional cooperative orders that reinforced those objectives. Backlash coalitions restricted or reduced trade openness and reliance on exports, curbed foreign investment, built expansive military complexes, developed weapons of mass destruction, challenged international regimes, exacerbated civic-nationalist, religious, or ethnic differentiation within their region, and were prone to initiate international crises. Hybrids straddled the grand strategies of their purer types, intermittently striving for economic openness, contracting the military complex, initiating international crises, and cooperating regionally and internationally, but neither forcefully nor coherently. These findings have significant implications for international relations theory and our incipient understanding of internationalization. Further extensions of the conceptual framework can help capture international effects that are yet to be fully integrated into the study of the domestic politics of coalition formation. [source] The Expansion of Global Governance into the Third World: Altruism, Realism, or Constructivism?INTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2004Yakub Halabi This essay examines the expansion of global governance into developing countries. Its central thesis is that in the present era of globalization, competitiveness has become a major concern for developed countries, in particular, those facing tough competition from the developing states that have improved their terms of trade through state-led development strategies and have become major exporters of manufactured products. Developed countries seek the expansion of global governance in order to regulate the behavior of these developing states, thereby opening their economies to foreign investment and augmenting their wealth. Yet, a successful expansion of global governance requires the creation of internal institutions in the developing countries that may alter their political cultures. Given the unique problems of the developing states, this task cannot be achieved simply by internationalizing the countries in the Global South. This essay relies on the theory of social constructivism and contends that the creation of internal institutions compatible with global governance has been achieved only when developing countries have become convinced that global regulations will benefit them, not just the more developed states. [source] Home Bias, Foreign Mutual Fund Holdings, and the Voluntary Adoption of International Accounting StandardsJOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007VICENTIU M. COVRIG ABSTRACT We test the assertion that a consequence of voluntarily adopting International Accounting Standards (IAS) is the enhanced ability to attract foreign capital. Using a unique database that reports firm-level holdings of over 25,000 mutual funds from around the world, our multivariate tests find that average foreign mutual fund ownership is significantly higher among IAS adopters. We also find that IAS adopters in poorer information environments and with lower visibility have higher levels of foreign investment, consistent with firms using IAS adoption to provide more information and/or information in a more familiar form to foreign investors. Taken together, our findings are consistent with voluntary IAS adoption reducing home bias among foreign investors and thereby improving capital allocation efficiency. [source] Revisiting Oligopolistic Reaction: Are Decisions on Foreign Direct Investment Strategic Complements?JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT STRATEGY, Issue 3 2002Keith Head Knickerbocker (1973) introduced the notion of oligopolistic reaction to explain why firms follow rivals into foreign markets. We develop a model that incorporates central features of Knickerbocker's story,oligopoly, uncertainty, and risk aversion,to establish the conditions required to generate follow-the-leader behavior. We find that rival foreign investment will make risk-neutral firms less inclined to move abroad once its rivals have done so. We show that Knickerbocker's prediction relies on risk aversion and derive an expression for the minimum amount of risk aversion needed to generate oligopolistic reaction. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||