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Fossil Wood (fossil + wood)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Earth and Environmental Science60%
Life Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

Fossil Woods From Williams Point Beds, Livingston Island, Antarctica: A Late Cretaceous Southern High Latitude Flora

PALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2001
Imogen Poole
The wood flora from Williams Point, Livingston Island, contains 12 wood types of gymnosperm and angiosperm origin. Recent collections of material have increased the biodiversity of a postulated species-rich vegetation. The gymnosperm wood can be readily assigned to four form-genera: Araucarioxylon Kraus, Araucariopitys Jeffrey, Podocarpoxylon Gothan and Sahnioxylon Bose and Sah. This indicates a diversity of coniferous araucarian and podocarp trees alongside woods of uncertain affinity (Sahnioxylon; Bennettitales). Two angiosperm morphotypes are assigned to the organ genera Hedycaryoxylon Su¨ss (Monimiaceae) and Weinmannioxylon Petriella (Cunoniaceae). The remaining four taxa of angiosperm wood cannot be confidently placed in extant families as they exhibit features that suggest relationships with the Magnoliidae, Hamamelidae and Rosidae. This paper presents the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of the wood flora from Livingston Island and discusses the palaeoecology that prevailed at a latitude of about 60 degrees south during the Late Cretaceous. Newly described taxa are Araucarioxylon chapmanae sp. nov., Araucariopitys antarcticus sp. nov., Podocarpoxylon chapmanae sp. nov., P. verticalis sp. nov., P. communis sp. nov., Weinmannioxylon ackamoides sp. nov., Antarctoxylon livingstonensis gen. et sp. nov., A. multiseriatum gen. et sp. nov., A. heteroporosum gen. et sp. nov. and A. uniperforatum gen et sp. nov. [source]

Piceoxylon pseudotsugae GOTHAN emend.

FEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 1 2001
Deutschland, VAN DER BURGH aus dem Obermiozän von Ottendorf-Okrilla bei Dresden
1987 konnte im Westteil der Kiesgrube Ottendorf-Okrilla (höheres Obermiozän) aus Tonen mit kohligen Schmitzen ein 1,14 m langer Stammrest geborgen werden. Er wird als Piceoxylon pseudotsugae Gothan 1906 emend, van der Burgh (1973) bestimmt. Das fossile Holz zeigt große Ähnlichkeit mit der heute noch im pazifischen Nordamerika beheimateten Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Xylotomische Nachweise dieser Art sind bis heute nur wenige bekannt. Sie stammen aus Nordamerika, Deutschland (Rheinland), Österreich und Slask (Schlesien/Polen). Zu der anatomischen Beschreibung des Holzes wird die Ökologie der rezenten und die Paläookologie der fossilen Pseudotsuga diskutiert. Piceoxylon pseudotsugae Gothan emend. Van der Burgh from the Upper Miocene from Ottendorf-Okrilla near Dresden, Germany. A fossil wood, collected in Ottendorf-Okrilla by H. Kubasch, Kamenz, is described in this paper. It is identified by the first author as Piceoxylon pseudotsugae Gothan 1906 emend, van der Burgh 1973 because of its clear spiral thickenings in the tracheids (early and late wood) together with vertical and horizontal resin ducts. Tertiary wood assigned to this species is up till now only known from a few localities in North America and Europe (Rheinland/Germany, Austria, Silesia/Poland). The recent comparable species, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, is known from a wide variety of localities in North America, with a very variable range concerning temperature. It is a tree of well drained, slightly acidic soils, preferably on sedimentary rocks with a volcanic or glacial origin. In the Tertiary of Europe this tree is also known from brown coal deposits. Therefore, for the Tertiary species a habitat in swamp environment must be added. [source]

Lebensspuren holzzerstörender Organismen an fossilen Hölzern aus dem Tertiär der Insel Lesbos, Griechenland

FOSSIL RECORD-MITTEILUNGEN AUS DEM MUSEUM FUER NATURKUNDE, Issue 1 2001
Herbert Süss
Abstract Lebensspuren (Schadbilder) holzzerstörender Organismen an fossilen Holzresten aus dem Untermiozän von Lesbos (Griechenland) werden beschrieben. Von pflanzlichen Holzzerstörern konnten Bakterien, imperfekte Pilze, Weiß- und Braunfäulepilze und in das Holz eingewachsene Wurzeln nachgewiesen werden. Von tierischen Holzzerstörern wurden Termitenfraß, durch Pflanzensauger (Homopteren) verursachtes Wundgewebe, Larvenfraß der Kambium-Minierfliege Palaeophytobia (Agromyzidae, Diptera) und Fraßgänge mit Koprolithen verschiedener Käferarten (Anobiiden?) und Milben (Acari) gefunden. Außerdem werden durch Kristallisationsvorgänge im Holz verursachte kugelförmige Gebilde beschrieben. Traces of wood destroying organisms on fossil wood from the Lower Miocene of Lesbos (Greece) are described. Among nonanimal wood destroyers evidence is presented of bacteria, Fungi imperfecti, whiterot and brownrot fungus and penetrating roots. Animal wood destroyers include termite feeding traces, wound tissues produced by plant suckers (Homoptera), larval feeding traces of the cambium miner Palaeophytobia (Agromyzidae, Diptera) and feeding channels, with coprolites, of several beetle species (Anobiidae?) and Mites (Acari). In addition globe-like structures produced in the wood through crystallization processes are described. [source]

Protophyllocladoxylon jingyuanense sp. nov., a Gymnospermous Wood of the Serpukhovian (Late Mississippian) from Gansu, Northwest China

ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 2 2010
Yi ZHANG
Abstract: A new species of gymnospermous fossil wood, Protophyllocladoxylon jingyuanense sp. nov., is described from the lower part of the Tsingyuan Formation (Serpukhovian/Late Mississippian), near the coal mine of Ciyao, Gansu, northwestern China. The specimen is preserved only in silicified secondary xylem, while growth rings are absent Pits in radial tracheidal walls are araucaroid in type, uniseriate, occasionally biseriate. Xylem rays are homogeneous, uniseriate, occasionally biseriate. Cross-field pits are simple, large, one to two in number. Axial parenchyma is absent. The anatomical characters and geographic distribution of Protophyllocladoxylon woods through geological ages are documented. Those species with axial parenchyma and without growth rings live in warm climate, whereas the species without axial parenchyma and with growth rings are present either in warm or cool climate. The ideal living climate for Protophyllocladoxylon woods is warm and wet. Our new species, as a fossil wood of Early Carboniferous, is likely the earliest known species of Protophyllocladoxylon. [source]