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Force Survey (force + survey)
Kinds of Force Survey Terms modified by Force Survey Selected AbstractsLabour market institutions and employment in FranceJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS, Issue 1 2002Guy Laroque The purpose of this paper is to use individual data to study how the minimum wage and the welfare system combine to affect employment in France. Using the 1997 Labour Force Survey, we decompose non-employment of married women into three components: voluntary, classical (due to the minimum wage) and ,other' (a residual category). We find that the minimum wage explains close to 15% of non-employment for these women and that the disincentive effects of some welfare policy measures may be large. Our approach also allows us to evaluate various labour and welfare policy experiments in their effects on participation and employment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Calculating compensation for loss of future earnings: estimating and using work life expectancyJOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY: SERIES A (STATISTICS IN SOCIETY), Issue 4 2008Zoltan Butt Summary., Where personal injury results in displacement and/or continuing disability (or death), damages include an element of compensation for loss of future earnings. This is calculated with reference to the loss of future expected time in gainful employment. We estimate employment risks in the form of reductions to work life expectancies for the UK workforce by using data from the Labour Force Survey with the purpose of improving the accuracy of the calculation of future lifetime earnings. Work life expectancies and reduction factors are modelled within the framework of a multiple-state Markov process, conditional on age, sex, starting employment state, educational attainment and disability. [source] Choosing between alternative classification criteria to measure the labour force stateJOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY: SERIES A (STATISTICS IN SOCIETY), Issue 1 2007Erich Battistin Summary., Labour force counting relies on general guidelines that are set by the International Labour Office to classify individuals into three labour force states: employment, unemployment and inactivity. However, the resulting statistics are known to be sensitive to slight variations in operational definitions which are prima facie consistent with the general guidelines. We consider two interpretations of the general guidelines, operationalized by the criterion that is currently followed by Eurostat and a criterion that was followed by the Italian Statistical Office up to 1992. After showing that the labour force statistics resulting from the two criteria differ considerably, we compare individuals whose classification depends on the criterion that is adopted with individuals whose classification is common between criteria to study the boundary between unemployment and inactivity. An application of our strategy is presented using data from the Italian Labour Force Survey, painting a picture neatly against the criterion that is currently followed by Eurostat. [source] Is Part-time Employment Here to Stay?LABOUR, Issue 1 2010Working Hours of Dutch Women over Successive Generations The Netherlands combines a high female employment rate with a high part-time employment rate. This is likely to be the result of (societal) preferences as the removal of institutional barriers has not led to higher working hours. We investigate the development of working hours over successive generations of women using the Dutch Labour Force Survey 1992,2005. We find evidence of a strictly increasing propensity to work part-time and a decreasing propensity to work full-time for the generations born after the early 1950s. Our results are in line with results of studies on social norms and attitudes. It seems likely that without changes in (societal) preferences part-time employment is indeed here to stay. [source] Wage Differentials between Ethnic Groups in SwitzerlandLABOUR, Issue 1 2001Augustin De Coulon This paper analyses the average wage differentials between various groups of immigrants and the Swiss workers. Classical Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions are applied to a sample of 7,494 males (whose 1,070 immigrants) interviewed for the 1995 Swiss Labour Force Survey. Education and experience before and after migration are separately considered in two different ways. We control for sample selection in the wage and salary sector. We also investigate earnings differentials between natives and immigrants who arrived in the country before the age of 6. Our main results are that the part of differentials due to difference in coefficient varies strongly with different ethnic groups considered, that education is a strong determinant of the difference in observed characteristics and that second generation immigrants are fairly well assimilated in the Swiss labour market. [source] Semiparametric Estimation of a Duration ModelOXFORD BULLETIN OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, Issue 5 2001A. Alonso Anton Within the framework of the proportional hazard model proposed in Cox (1972), Han and Hausman (1990) consider the logarithm of the integrated baseline hazard function as constant in each time period. We, however, proposed an alternative semiparametric estimator of the parameters of the covariate part. The estimator is considered as semiparametric since no prespecified functional form for the error terms (or certain convolution) is needed. This estimator, proposed in Lewbel (2000) in another context, shows at least four advantages. The distribution of the latent variable error is unknown and may be related to the regressors. It takes into account censored observations, it allows for heterogeneity of unknown form and it is quite easy to implement since the estimator does not require numerical searches. Using the Spanish Labour Force Survey, we compare empirically the results of estimating several alternative models, basically on the estimator proposed in Han and Hausman (1990) and our semiparametric estimator. [source] Graduate density, gender, and employmentTHE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Malcolm Brynin ABSTRACT The expansion of higher education is often viewed as reflecting increased demand for skills, whether related to technological change or the growing complexity of the economy. It is also linked to widening pay differentials between the poorly and highly educated. There are reasons, however, to question these associations. Even if demand for graduates is growing the supply of graduates might as a result of the status derived from having a degree still exceed this. The demand for graduates itself need not be wholly tied in with upgrading of the labour force. Graduates could be part of a more flexible workforce who increasingly undertake non-graduate work, thus downgrading their labour-market position. LFS (Labour Force Survey) and BHPS (British Household Panel Study) data are used to show that there has been no major shift in the distribution of graduates in the British labour market, that career starts are increasingly at a lower status point, and that there is a negative effect of graduate density on wages. There are also redistributional effects. There has been a large increase in the social demand for higher education by women, and they have gained from this expansion while men have lost out. In addition, graduate density is positive for non-graduates, who gain from the reduced rewards accruing to graduates. The results call into question the simple idea of a trend towards a demand for increasing levels of skills and qualifications. More attention should be paid to the distribution of skills and to complex interactions within this. [source] DOES PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT PROVIDE A WAY OF ACCOMMODATING A DISABILITY?,THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 6 2007MELANIE K. JONES In this paper, I examine the reasons for high rates of part-time employment among disabled workers in the UK. Evidence from the Labour Force Survey suggests that part-time employment provides an important way of accommodating a work-limiting disability rather than reflecting marginalization of the disabled by employers. Differences in part-time employment within the disabled group are also examined. [source] THE PATTERN AND EVOLUTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS IN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN GREAT BRITAIN,THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 4 2007DAVID BELL Government policy on the nature of wage bargaining in the public sector can have important implications for the provision of public services. Using the New Earnings Survey, the Labour Force Survey and the British Household Panel Survey, we examine the size and evolution of public,private sector wage differentials across geographical areas within the UK and over time. Public sector bargaining structures have led to historically high wage premia, although these premia are declining over time. In high-cost low-amenity areas, such as the south-east of England, the public sector underpays relative to the private sector, therefore creating problems in recruitment to and provision of public services. Public sector labour markets are around 40 per cent as responsive to area differences in amenities and costs as are private sector labour markets. Differences in the degree of spatial variation between sectors are likely to remain, leading to persistent problems for the delivery of public services in some parts of the UK. Reform of public sector pay structures is likely to be costly, and so other non-pay policies need to be considered to increase the attractiveness of public sector jobs. [source] THE LABOUR MARKET IMPACT OF THE UK DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION ACT: EVIDENCE FROM THE REPEAL OF THE SMALL FIRM EXEMPTIONBULLETIN OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008Melanie K. Jones J2; I18; J7 ABSTRACT This paper uses data from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey in the UK (1997,2006) and changes in the coverage of the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), that result from the removal of the small firm exemption, to assess the labour market impact of the legislation. The data support a narrowing of the employment gap between the disabled and non-disabled over the post DDA period. However, the evidence based on small firms does not support this being a direct result of the employment provisions of the DDA. [source] The Returns to Academic and Vocational Qualifications in BritainBULLETIN OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002Lorraine Dearden This paper uses data from the 1991 sweep of the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the 1998 Labour Force Survey (LFS) to provide a comprehensive analysis of the labour market returns to academic and vocational qualifications. The results show that the wage premia from academic qualifications are typically higher than from vocational qualifications. However, this gap is reduced somewhat, when we control for the amount of time taken to acquire different qualifications. This is particularly important for vocational courses, which generally take shorter time periods to complete. In the paper we also investigate how returns vary by gender, subsequent qualifications, and the natural ability of individuals. Finally, by comparing the NCDS results with those from the LFS, we estimate the bias that can result from not controlling for factors such as ability, family background and measurement error. The results reveal that the estimated returns in the NCDS equations controlling for ability, family background and measurement error are similar to the simple OLS estimates obtained with the LFS, which do not control for these factors. This suggests that the biases generally offset one another. [source] | ||||||||||