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Fluoride Toothpaste (fluoride + toothpaste)
Selected AbstractsEffect of stannous fluoride toothpaste on erosion-like lesions: an in vivo studyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2006Alix Young It has recently been shown that stannous fluoride (SnF2), in the form of aqueous solutions and as toothpaste, can reduce the dissolution of enamel in erosive acids in vitro and in situ. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of toothpastes containing SnF2 or NaF on enamel dissolution using an in vivo model. Four healthy anterior teeth in each subject (n = 20) were exposed to diluted citric acid (100 mmol l,1 or 10 mmol l,1) applied using a peristaltic pump (5 ml @7 ml min,1) and the acid was collected in a test tube before and after application of the respective toothpastes (etch I and etch II). Toothpaste was applied to the labial surfaces with a soft brush (four applications, each of 1-min duration), with gentle water rinsing between applications. Each subject had one pair of teeth treated with each of the test toothpastes. Enamel dissolution was examined by assessment of calcium content in the citric acid applied before and after the treatment with toothpaste. The results indicate that the SnF2 toothpaste markedly reduced the dissolution of teeth in vivo (etch II < etch I), whereas the NaF toothpaste provided no protection (etch II > etch I). Toothpaste appears to be an acceptable vehicle for SnF2 and maintains the dissolution-reducing effect exhibited by aqueous solutions of this fluoride salt. [source] Urinary fluoride excretion in children drinking fluoridated school milkINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2000C.E. Ketley Summary.Objective. To determine fluoride excretion under various conditions of fluoride intake and to estimate the fractional urinary excretion of fluoride in individual children participating in a school milk fluoridation scheme. Design. In the first part of the study, individual urine samples were collected from each of eight 4 to 5-year-old children for a continuous period of 55 h. For each child (n = 8) and for each day (n = 3) the maximum urinary fluoride concentration (p.p.m.F), the maximum fluoride excretion rate (,gF/h) and the total daily fluoride excretion (mg) were calculated. The second part of the study was carried out to determine the 24 h fractional percentage of fluoride excreted following administration of a known dose of fluoride in the absence of other sources. Results. Under usual conditions of fluoride intake (i.e. milk containing 0·5 mg fluoride, customary diet and toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste) the children's daily fluoride excretion was 0·33 mg. The fractional urinary fluoride excretion of a 0·5-mg fluoride tablet was 30%. Conclusions. It is concluded that the children's mean 24 h fluoride excretion was somewhere between that reported in low fluoride conditions and that reported in optimally fluoridated areas. The fractional urinary fluoride excretion was found to be in agreement with the findings of other workers. [source] A study into the plaque-inhibitory activity of experimental toothpaste formulations containing antimicrobial agentsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2005J. Moran Abstract Background/Aims: The use of specific antimicrobial agents in toothpastes may help reduce plaque and gingivitis. There would also appear to be some value in formulating products that contain combinations of such agents that may potentiate any activity present. The aims of this exploratory and pragmatic study were twofold:- (1) exploratory: to compare the effects on plaque re-growth of two zinc citrate/triclosan formulations, one of which contained bromochlorophene and hence demonstrate any additional beneficial effects produced by the addition of the phenol. (2) pragmatic: to assess whether both pastes were significantly better than a benchmark control, proprietary fluoride toothpaste at inhibiting plaque formation. Methods: Following an initial prophylaxis to remove all plaque and calculus, toothpaste slurry rinses were used over a 96 h period by 24 volunteers, while omitting all other oral hygiene procedures. After 24, 48 and 96 h, plaque was measured by plaque area and by plaque index. For comparative purposes, a conventional commercial fluoride toothpaste rinse was also used as a benchmark control in this triple cross-over double-blind study. Results: With one exception, comparisons between the three pastes failed to show any significant differences in plaque accumulation at 96 h whether assessed by plaque index or area. At this time period, significantly more plaque was seen with the zinc citrate paste without bromochlorophene, compared with that of the control paste. Conclusions: The findings from this study failed to demonstrate a plaque-inhibitory action from the two novel formulations beyond that of a conventional benchmark toothpaste, although overall levels of plaque formed by the volunteers, especially on the control paste were generally lower than in previous studies. Nevertheless, it remains to be determined whether the test formulations could exert a direct anti-inflammatory action against gingivitis by way of the triclosan delivery system. Neither test formulation was subsequently marketed. [source] A study to assess the plaque inhibitory action of a newly formulated triclosan toothpasteJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2001J. Moran Abstract Background/aims: Triclosan containing toothpastes have been noted for their potential to inhibit plaque and gingival inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether a toothpaste containing triclosan and an enhanced fluoride system would inhibit de novo plaque formation beyond that of a non-triclosan, conventional fluoride toothpaste. Methods: This study used a 4-day plaque regrowth model in which 24 volunteers used toothpaste rinses as the only form of oral hygiene. Following a prophylaxis and a single brushing with the toothpastes, 2× daily rinsing with toothpaste slurries was used over the following 96 h. Results: After 24 h, there was no difference in plaque area between the triclosan paste and its control paste. After 96 h, a reduction in plaque score of 5% was noted for the test toothpaste compared to the control paste which was statistically significant (p=0.028). For plaque area this reduction was increased to 16%, which was also significant (p=0.006). Conclusions: These findings would appear to warrant further investigation into the potential value of the paste in inhibiting both plaque and gingivitis. [source] Caregiver Acceptability and Preferences for Early Childhood Caries Preventive Treatments for Hispanic ChildrenJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2009Sally H. Adams RN Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to determine caregiver treatment acceptability and preferences for five preventive dental treatments for early childhood caries in young Hispanic children. Methods: We interviewed 211 parents/caregivers of Hispanic children attending Head Start programs regarding their acceptability of, and preferences for, five standard preventive dental treatments for young children. Treatments assessed were toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste, fluoride varnish, and xylitol in food for children, and xylitol gum and chlorhexidine rinse for mothers. The interview assessment included presentation of illustrated cards with verbal description of treatment, photograph/video clip, and treatment samples. Parents rated the acceptability of each treatment (1-5 scale) and treatment preferences within each of 10 possible pairs. Individual treatment preferences were summed to create overall preference scores (range 0-4). Results: All treatments were rated as highly acceptable, however, there were differences (range 4.6-4.9; Friedman chi-square = 23.4, P < 0.001). Chlorhexidine, toothbrushing, and varnish were most acceptable, not different from each other, but more acceptable than xylitol in food (P < 0.05). Summed treatment preferences revealed greater variability (means ranged 1.4-2.6; Friedman chi-square = 128.2, P < 0.001). Fluoride varnish (2.6) and toothbrushing (2.5) were most highly preferred, and differences between preferences for xylitol in food (1.4), xylitol gum (1.5), and chlorhexidine (2.1) were all significant (P < 0.001). Preferences for chlorhexidine were also significantly greater than those for the xylitol products (P < 0.001). Conclusions: All five treatments were highly acceptable, however, when choosing among treatments overall, fluoride varnish and toothbrushing were favored over other treatments. [source] The Caries Management System: an evidence-based preventive strategy for dental practitioners.AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Application for children, adolescents Abstract The application of the Caries Management System (CMS) for children and adolescents follows the rationale underlying the application of the CMS for adults. Briefly, the CMS is a 10-step, risk-based, non-invasive strategy to arrest and remineralize early lesions and to enhance caries primary prevention. The method for assessing each patient's diet, plaque distribution, and signs of caries as shown in bitewing radiograph images, follows the protocols for adults. Protocols presented here relating to caries risk assessment, lesion diagnosis and management, and patient recall are specific for children and adolescents. Fundamentally, non-cavitated lesions in primary and especially permanent teeth are managed: (1) professionally by preservative non-invasive means, including fluoride varnish and sealants; and (2) daily home toothbrushing using fluoride toothpaste where the aim is to arrest lesion progression so that restorations will not be necessary. Monitoring of lesions through the review of clinical signs and bitewing images is the means for assessing caries activity. For those who fail to respond to advice to reduce cariogenic exposures and continue to develop new lesions at a steady or increased rate, a more intensified programme is required; their higher risk status is confirmed and treatment follows the corresponding protocol. [source] Assessing the effectiveness of a school-based oral health promotion programme in Yichang City, ChinaCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Bao-Jun Tai Abstract,,, Objectives:, To assess the outcome of oral health promotion in schoolchildren over a 3-year period in Yichang City, Hubei, China. Methods:, In a cluster randomized controlled trial, the concept of the World Health Organization Health Promoting Schools Project was applied to primary schoolchildren. Seven intervention schools and eight control schools were randomly selected from one district by stratified cluster sampling. The study was conducted as a 3-year follow-up study. After 3 years, 661 children remained in the intervention group and 697 children in the control group. Data on dental caries, plaque accumulation, and sulcus bleeding were collected by clinical examination, while behavioural data were gathered by self-administered questionnaires. Results:, The 3-year net mean DMFS increment score was 0.22 in the intervention schools and 0.35 in the control schools (P < 0.013). A statistically significant difference in mean plaque (P < 0.013) and sulcus bleeding (P < 0.005) increment scores after 3 years was found between the two groups. Statistically significant higher scores were observed in restorations received and sealants placed, and a lower score in untreated dental caries, in children from the intervention group than the control group after 3 years (P < 0.01). In addition, more children in the intervention schools adopted regular oral health behavioural practices such as brushing their teeth at least twice a day, visiting the dentist within the past calendar year, and using fluoride toothpaste. Conclusion:, The study suggests that the school-based oral health promotion was an effective way to reduce new caries incidence, improve oral hygiene and establish positive oral health behavioural practices in the targeted schoolchildren. [source] Relationship between area deprivation and the anticaries benefit of an oral health programme providing free fluoride toothpaste to young childrenCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 3 2004R. P. Ellwood Abstract , Objective:,To determine the effectiveness of providing free toothpaste containing either 1450 or 440 ppm F on caries experience in 5-year-old children living in areas with different levels of material deprivation. Design:, Five-year, examiner-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial. Children were randomly assigned to three groups. Setting:, Health Districts in the north-west of England with high levels of dental caries. Clinical examinations were performed in schools during the period October 1999 to April 2000 when the children were 5,6 years old. Participants:, Children from 3-month birth cohorts resident in nine, nonfluoridated health districts. Interventions:, Toothpaste containing either 440 or 1450 ppm F and dental health literature posted at 3-month intervals and toothbrush provided annually from the age of 1,5 years. Comparison group received no intervention. Main outcome measures:, Mean dmft and proportion of participants with dmft > 0, dmft , 4, upper primary incisor caries and extraction of one or more primary teeth. Outcomes tabulated for quartiles of participants based on the distribution of the Townsend index of material deprivation. Results:, A total of 3467 children were included in the final data analysis. The Townsend index was found to be useful in identifying groups of children with increased caries risk. Overall, participants in the programme using the high-fluoride toothpaste had significantly (P < 0.002) less caries than the comparison group with similar absolute reductions in mean dmft for the most- and least-deprived groups. Relative to the comparison group the association between deprivation and dental caries was changed so that in the most-deprived quartile those using the low-fluoride toothpaste tended to have less dental caries than the comparison group whereas in the least deprived they tended to have more. This difference in the association (slope) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Provision of both low- and high-fluoride toothpaste appeared to reduce the risk of extractions for participants in the most-deprived quartile (P < 0.05). Conclusion:, The relative benefits of the programmes supplying the two toothpastes considered in this study are different depending on the deprivation status of the participants. For the most-deprived groups postal provision of either a low- or high-fluoride toothpaste provides similar levels of benefit. In the less deprived groups only provision of the high-fluoride toothpaste provided a benefit. The absolute caries reduction seen for provision of the high-fluoride toothpaste was not related to the deprivation status and hence the programme did not reduce deprivation-related health inequalities. Targeting the programme using the methods employed in this study is unlikely to improve the effectiveness of the programme. [source] A review of fluorosis in the European Union: prevalence, risk factors and aesthetic issuesCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 2004Helen P. Whelton Abstract,-, Fluoride has played a key role in caries prevention for the past 50 years but excessive ingestion of fluoride during tooth development may lead to dental fluorosis. Throughout Europe many vehicles have been, and are currently, employed for optimal fluoride delivery including drinking water, toothpaste, fluoride supplements, salt and milk. Several indices, both descriptive and aetiological, have been developed and used for measuring fluorosis. This factor, combined with the lack of use of a standardized method for measurement of fluorosis, has made comparison between studies difficult and assessment of trends in fluorosis prevalence unreliable. Overall the evidence would appear to indicate, however, that diffuse enamel opacities are more prevalent in fluoridated than in nonfluoridated communities and that their prevalence at the very mild level may be increasing. In addition to fluoridated drinking water, risk factors for fluorosis include inadvertent ingestion of fluoride toothpaste and the inappropriate use of fluoride supplements. The risk is of aesthetic concern primarily during the period of enamel development of the permanent central incisors, although this largely appears to be a cosmetic rather than a public-health issue. It is concluded that there is a need to co-ordinate studies measuring fluorosis throughout Europe and that development of a standardized photographic method would be useful. Furthermore, the aesthetic importance of fluorosis needs to be determined in more detail in each country in the light of each country's respective risk factors and dental health policies. [source] Effective use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries in the 21st century: the WHO approachCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Poul Erik Petersen Abstract , Despite great improvements in the oral health of populations across the world, problems still persist particularly among poor and disadvantaged groups in both developed and developing countries. According to the World Oral Health Report 2003, dental caries remains a major public health problem in most industrialized countries, affecting 60,90% of schoolchildren and the vast majority of adults. Although it appears that dental caries is less common and less severe in developing countries of Africa, it is anticipated that the incidence of caries will increase in several countries of that continent, due to changing living conditions and dietary habits, and inadequate exposure to fluorides. Research on the oral health effects of fluoride started around 100 years ago; the focus has been on the link between water and fluorides and dental caries and fluorosis, topical fluoride applications, fluoride toothpastes, and salt and milk fluoridation. Most recently, efforts have been made to summarize the extensive database through systematic reviews. Such reviews concluded that water fluoridation and use of fluoride toothpastes and mouthrinses significantly reduce the prevalence of dental caries. WHO recommends for public health that every effort must be made to develop affordable fluoridated toothpastes for use in developing countries. Water fluoridation, where technically feasible and culturally acceptable, has substantial advantages in public health; alternatively, fluoridation of salt and milk fluoridation schemes may be considered for prevention of dental caries. [source] | ||||||||||