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Flexible Strategy (flexible + strategy)
Selected AbstractsDepartures from Everyday Resistance and Flexible Strategies of Domination: The Making and Unmaking of a Poor Peasant Mobilization in BangladeshJOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 2 2007SHAPAN ADNAN James Scott's influential work has popularized the notion that everyday resistance among the peasantry takes covert and backstage forms, termed ,weapons of the weak'. This paper, however, provides a case study involving transformation of covert resistance and outward compliance of the poor into open dissent and confrontation with power-holders, though falling well short of the limiting conditions of rebellion or revolution. Such instances serve to dispel the notion that poor and weak groups adopt only covert forms of resistance in their everyday existence. The paper takes up the questions of why, and under what circumstances, such transformation of covert resistance into overt forms can come about. These issues are explored using evidence from a poor peasant mobilization in rural Bangladesh during the parliamentary election of 1986. The analysis shows that there were sequential shifts in the respective strategies of domination and resistance of the rich and the poor, which shaped each other interactively over a dynamic trajectory. Such adaptive and variable responses require an approach that can accommodate flexibility and substitution in the strategies adopted by the weak and the powerful. These also call for further exploration and analysis of the middle ground between everyday and exceptional forms of resistance. [source] Implementation of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS) in professionally active pharmaciesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, Issue 1 2005Trine R. Hopp Phd student Objective To investigate the implementation process of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS) in ,professionally active' pharmacies in Denmark; to describe the factors that influence the implementation process in the context of organisational theory. Method Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmacy staff and owners in ,professionally active' pharmacies from 16 community pharmacies in Denmark. Key findings Fifty-one factors that influence the implementation process were identified. Based on their content and relationships, the factors were categorised into nine ,common sense' dimensions: network and relations with the environment; the environment's expectations and pressure for change; barriers to implementation of CPS; competence in relation to CPS; organising the pharmacy for provision of CPS; culture of the pharmacy; resources within the pharmacy; management within the pharmacy; the role of the pharmacy. Subsequently the 51 factors were categorised and described in relation to Leavitt's model of an organisation. Conclusion Implementation of CPS in the pharmacy is a very complex process, which is unique to the individual pharmacy. The model formed a relevant basis for describing the factors, and the theoretical analysis showed a complex interdependence of the factors identified in the study. Many interdependent factors influence the process and this has to be taken into account in designing future models for implementation of CPS. Such models should support comprehensive and flexible strategies that can be adapted to the dynamics of the individual organisation. [source] Clean and Flexible Modification Strategy for Carboxyl/Aldehyde-Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles and Their Optical ApplicationsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 24 2009Huan-Ping Zhou Abstract Rare-earth upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit great potential in luminescent biolabels and other multifunctional probes; however, their applications are limited by their low water solubility and the lack of binding groups. To address these problems, a clean and flexible strategy to modify hydrophobic monodisperse UCNPs into hydrophilic ones that are capped with functional groups is developed. The modification process is implemented by direct oxidation of oleic acid ligands with ozone under specific conditions, where the oleic acid (OA) ligands on the surface of the UCNPs can be converted into azelaic acid ligands (HOOC(CH2)7COOH) or azelaic aldehyde HOOC(CH2)7CHO, as is revealed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. This oxidation process has no significant side-effects on the morphology, phase, composition, or luminescent properties of the UCNPs. Free carboxylic acid groups on the surface endow the UCNPs with good water solubility, while aldehyde groups at the surface provide binding sites for amino-containing molecules via Schiff-base condensation, such as 2-(4-aminophenylethylyl)-5-methoxy-2-(2-pyridyl)thiazole (MPTEA) and 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (NH2CH2CH2SH·HCl, HEMA). A Ce4+ sensor is constructed based on the dual-emission arising from the different spectral responses of MPTEA and the UCNPs. Facilitated by the covalent linkage between the terminal aldehyde group on the UCNPs and the amino group in HEMA, a hybrid structure of UCNPs and Au NPs is fabricated. The effective coupling between the aldehyde group and the amino group suggests that these functionalized UCNPs have potential in combining other functional units for simultaneous biolabeling, or other optical applications. [source] Research Note: Industry outsourcing and regional development in Northeast ThailandASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 1 2010Thongphon Promsaka Na Sakolnakorn Abstract Industry outsourcing has become a significant feature of industrialisation in Southeast Asia. This study presents the findings of a study of smaller industrial enterprises in Northeast Thailand that outsource some of their operations to workers in rural villages. It was found that social relationships rather than formal contracts are critical in the management and spread of such outsourcing and that industries use outsourcing primarily as a flexible strategy to lower costs of production. [source] The Clash of David and Goliath at Sea: The USS Cole Bombing as Sea Insurgency and Lessons for the ROK NavyASIAN POLITICS AND POLICY, Issue 3 2010Kil-Joo Ban On October 12, 2000, the USS Cole was attacked by a small band of Islamic (global) insurgents. Why would sea insurgents attack a professional warship that did not appear to be related to counterinsurgency? When are such attacks successful, and when are they not successful? Three dimensions,value, vulnerability, and learning,give convincing answers to this puzzle. I trace two cases: the USS Cole bombing and the USS Ashland and Kearsarge missile attack. I find that when the navy is equipped with a fast learning process and this reduces its vulnerability, sea insurgents' attacks are less successful. This strategic interaction dynamic is strongly applicable to South Korea under three subdynamics: alliance, commitment dilemma, and enhanced naval capabilities. Thus, the Republic of Korea Navy needs to establish a flexible strategy in its effort to effectively deal with nontraditional threats as well as traditional threats, such as North Korea. [source] | ||||||||||