Fisher's Exact (fisher + exact)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Terms modified by Fisher's Exact

  • fisher exact test
  • fisher exact test p

  • Selected Abstracts


    Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis subgingival presence, species-specific serum immunoglobulin G antibody levels, and periodontitis disease recurrence

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006
    T. E. Rams
    Background and Objective:, The biological and clinical effects of antibody against periodontal pathogenic bacteria are incompletely understood. This study evaluated the inter-relationships among periodontal levels of cultivable Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, species-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, and periodontitis disease activity. Material and Methods:, Forty-three adults who had previously been treated for periodontitis and who also harbored cultivable A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis were evaluated semiannually for clinical disease recurrence over a 36-month period. Each patient provided subgingival microbial samples, for the recovery of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, from the two deepest pockets in each dentition sextant. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis serum IgG antibody levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), together with whole-cell sonicate extracts from A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a,c and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. Data were analyzed using the Mantel,Haenszel chi-square and Fisher exact two-tailed tests. Results:, Eighteen (60.0%) of 30 A. actinomycetemcomitans -positive subjects, and 10 (76.9%) of 13 P. gingivalis -positive subjects, exhibited recurrent periodontal breakdown within 36 months of periodontal therapy. Nineteen (67.9%) of the 28 patients with active periodontitis had A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis serum antibody levels below designated threshold values. In comparison, 10 (66.7%) of 15 culture-positive clinically stable subjects showed A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis serum antibody levels above threshold values. The difference between specific antibody levels in periodontitis-active and periodontitis-stable patients was statistically significant (p = 0.032). Conclusions:, Serum levels of IgG antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis in periodontitis-stable patients were higher than those in patients with active periodontitis. The results suggest that elevated levels of IgG antibody against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis have a detectable protective effect against periodontal infections with these microorganisms. [source]


    Comparison of cerebral magnetic resonance and electroencephalogram findings in pre-eclamptic and eclamptic women

    AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 5 2005
    Mehmet A. OSMANA
    Abstract Objective:, To compare the cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in pre-eclamptic and eclamptic pregnant women. Methods:, A total of 38 pregnant women with mild pre-eclampsia (n = 15), severe pre-eclampsia (n = 11) and eclampsia (n = 12) were included in this study. Cranial MR without contrast and EEG were performed in these women on admission or within 3 days of onset. Follow-up control MR or EEG evaluations were performed 4,6 weeks postpartum in women with MR or EEG abnormalities in the initial examination. To compare differences, X2 test, Fisher exact or Mann,Whitney U -tests were used. Results:, Abnormal cranial MR findings were found in one (6%) pre-eclamptic woman, in four (36%) severe pre-eclamptic women, and in 11 (92%) eclamptic women. Cranial MR findings were consistent with ischaemia in 15 (39%) patients and haemorrhage in one (3%) case. Two (5%) severe pre-eclamptic women showed cerebral infarction during the follow-up period. MR and EEG abnormalities were totally resolved in 88% of cases. The MR findings of 12 (71%) patients were located in the occipital lobes followed by the parietal lobes in six (40%) cases. Three (20%) mild pre-eclamptic women, four (36%) severe pre-eclamptic women and 10 (83%) eclamptic women had abnormal EEGs. The EEG changes were totally resolved in 13 of 14 (93%) patients after the first month. In one patient with cerebral haemorrhage, the EEG changes lasted for a duration of 6 months. Conclusions:, A correlation between EEG abnormalities and MR findings was found in this study. The combined use of MR and EEG may help to determine the prognosis for these patients, but the interictal EEG findings recorded in eclampsia were non-specific. [source]


    Expression of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in inflamed gingival biopsies

    JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2008
    L. D. R. Gonçalves
    Objectives:, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are known to be involved in the periodontal disease process. Results of in vivo MMPs and TIMPs gene expressions in the gingiva, though, are still controversial. In the present study, we compared the gene expression of MMP-1, -2, -9, -13 and TIMP-1, -2 in healthy and inflamed gingiva. Methods:, 38 gingival samples were collected from gingivitis (n = 10), advanced chronic periodontitis (n = 10), generalized aggressive periodontitis (n = 8) and periodontally healthy individuals (n = 10). Total RNA isolated from those samples was subjected to reverse transcription followed by amplification by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Products were visualized in agarose gels and quantified by optical densitometry. Samples were also processed for gelatin zymography and Western blotting for MMP-2 and MMP-9 in order to assess for post-transcriptional MMP regulation at the protein level. Results:, The frequencies and levels of transcripts encoding MMPs and TIMPs were found to be not significantly different among groups (p > 0.05, Fisher's Exact and Kruskall-Wallis tests). There is a trend towards higher MMP-2 and -9 gelatinase activities in the inflamed samples, although not statistically significant. In contrast, zymography and Western blotting studies show that MMP-2 is virtually absent in the chronic periodontitis group. Conclusion:, These results could reflect a complex regulation of MMPs and TIMPs' gene expression in the course of gingival inflammation. They also reveal a great biological diversity even among individuals with similar periodontal status. [source]


    A Prospective Comparison of Ultrasound-guided and Blindly Placed Radial Arterial Catheters

    ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 12 2006
    Stephen Shiver MD
    Abstract Background Arterial cannulation for continuous blood-pressure measurement and frequent arterial-blood sampling commonly are required in critically ill patients. Objectives To compare ultrasound (US)-guided versus traditional palpation placement of arterial lines for time to placement, number of attempts, sites used, and complications. Methods This was a prospective, randomized interventional study at a Level 1 academic urban emergency department with an annual census of 78,000 patients. Patients were randomized to either palpation or US-guided groups. Inclusion criteria were any adult patient who required an arterial line according to the treating attending. Patients who had previous attempts at an arterial line during the visit, or who could not be randomized because of time constraints, were excluded. Enrollment was on a convenience basis, during hours worked by researchers over a six-month period. Patients in either group who had three failed attempts were rescued with the other technique for patient comfort. Statistical analysis included Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and Student's t-tests. Results Sixty patients were enrolled, with 30 patients randomized to each group. Patients randomized to the US group had a shorter time required for arterial line placement (107 vs. 314 seconds; difference, 207 seconds; p = 0.0004), fewer placement attempts (1.2 vs. 2.2; difference, 1; p = 0.001), and fewer sites required for successful line placement (1.1 vs. 1.6; difference, 0.5; p = 0.001), as compared with the palpation group. Conclusions In this study, US guidance for arterial cannulation was successful more frequently and it took less time to establish the arterial line as compared with the palpation method. [source]


    Somatic loss of wild type NF1 allele in neurofibromas: Comparison of NF1 microdeletion and non-microdeletion patients

    GENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 10 2006
    Thomas De Raedt
    Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is an autosomal dominant familial tumor syndrome characterized by the presence of multiple benign neurofibromas. In 95% of NF1 individuals, a mutation is found in the NF1 gene, and in 5% of the patients, the germline mutation consists of a microdeletion that includes the NF1 gene and several flanking genes. We studied the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the NF1 region as a mechanism of somatic NF1 inactivation in neurofibromas from NF1 patients with and without a microdeletion. There was a statistically significant difference between these two patient groups in the proportion of neurofibromas with LOH. None of the 40 neurofibromas from six different NF1 microdeletion patients showed LOH, whereas LOH was observed in 6/28 neurofibromas from five patients with an intragenic NF1 mutation (P = 0.0034, Fisher's exact). LOH of the NF1 microdeletion region in NF1 microdeletion patients would de facto lead to a nullizygous state of the genes located in the deletion region and might be lethal. The mechanisms leading to LOH were further analyzed in six neurofibromas. In two out of six neurofibromas, a chromosomal microdeletion was found; in three, a mitotic recombination was responsible for the observed LOH; and in one, a chromosome loss with reduplication was present. These data show an important difference in the mechanisms of second hit formation in the 2 NF1 patient groups. We conclude that NF1 is a familial tumor syndrome in which the type of germline mutation influences the type of second hit in the tumors. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


    Comparison of defects in ProTaper hand-operated and engine-driven instruments after clinical use

    INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007
    G. S. P. Cheung
    Abstract Aim, To compare the type of defects and mode of material failure of engine-driven and hand-operated ProTaper instruments after clinical use. Methodology, A total of 401 hand-operated and 325 engine-driven ProTaper instruments were discarded from an endodontic clinic over 17 months. Those that had fractured were examined for plastic deformation in lateral view and remounted for fractographical examination in scanning electron microscope. The mode of fracture was classified as ,fatigue' or ,shear' failure. The lengths of fractured segments in both instruments were recorded. Any distortion in hand instrument was noted. Data were analysed using chi-square, Fisher's exact or Student's t -test, where appropriate. Results, Approximately 14% of all discarded hand-operated instruments and 14% of engine-driven instruments were fractured. About 62% of hand instruments failed because of shear fracture, compared with approximately 66% of engine-driven instruments as a result of fatigue (P < 0.05). Approximately 16% of hand instruments were affected by shear, and either remained intact or was fractured, compared with 5% of engine-driven instruments (P < 0.05). The length of the broken fragment was significantly shorter in hand versus engine-driven group (P < 0.05). Approximately 7% of hand instruments were discarded intact but distorted (rarely for engine-driven instruments); all were in the form of unscrewing of the flutes. The location of defects in hand Finishing instruments was significantly closer to the tip than that for Shaping instruments (P < 0.05). Conclusions, Under the conditions of this study (possibly high usage), the failure mode of ProTaper engine-driven and hand-operated instruments appeared to be different, with shear failure being more prevalent in the latter. [source]


    Screening for hepatitis B in chemotherapy patients: survey of current oncology practices

    ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2 2010
    T. T. TRAN
    Summary Background, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs in up to 78% of patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy for nonhepatic malignancies. Reactivation can lead to hepatic dysfunction, jaundice and fulminant hepatic failure. Current recommendations include screening patients at risk for HBV prior to immunosuppressive therapy and initiating antiviral prophylaxis in patients with chronic HBV. Aim, To investigate current practice among oncologists regarding HBV screening and antiviral prophylaxis in candidates for chemotherapy. Methods, A survey was sent to American Medical Association registered oncologists assessing demographics and HBV screening practices. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results, In all, 265 responses were received. Office-based physicians were less likely to screen for HBV prior to chemotherapy (P < 0.001). Years in practice varied: 51% with <5 years, 29% with 5,15 years and 18% with >15 years, with no difference in screening practices between groups (P = N.S.). Responders screen for HBV as follows: never , 20%, only in the presence of abnormal liver biochemistries , 30%, risk factors or history of hepatitis , 38%. In patients with known HBV, 75% of oncologists refer to specialists, 7% initiate therapy, while 15% do not refer or initiate therapy, most of whom are in an office setting (P = 0.02). Conclusions, Twenty per cent of oncologists never screen for HBV prior to initiating chemotherapy. Office-based physicians were less likely to screen, treat or refer to a specialist prior to chemotherapy. Greater education regarding risk of HBV reactivation is needed for clinicians treating patients with immunosuppressive therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,31, 240,246 [source]


    A convenient and sensitive allergy test: IgE crosslinking-induced luciferase expression in cultured mast cells

    ALLERGY, Issue 10 2010
    R. Nakamura
    To cite this article: Nakamura R, Uchida Y, Higuchi M, Nakamura R, Tsuge I, Urisu A, Teshima R. A convenient and sensitive allergy test: IgE crosslinking,induced luciferase expression in cultured mast cells. Allergy 2010; 65: 1266,1273. Abstract Background:, For the detection of allergen-specific IgE in sera, solid-phase IgE-binding assays like the CAP test are commonly used. Although such immunochemical methods are very sensitive, they frequently produce false positives. Degranulation of the human IgE receptor (Fc,RI)-transfected rat mast cell (RBL) lines seems to be a possible indicator for human IgE, but spontaneous mediator release from these cells in the presence of human sera is not negligible. Methods:, The nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)-responsive luciferase reporter gene was stably transfected into human Fc,RI-expressing RBL-SX38 cells. One established clone (RS-ATL8) was sensitized with 1 : 100 dilution of sera from patients with egg white allergy and then stimulated with purified or a crude extract of egg white allergen. Results:, Sensitization with 15 pg/ml IgE was sufficient to detect IgE crosslinking,induced luciferase expression (EXiLE) by anti-IgE stimulation. Allergen-specific EXiLE was elicited by as little as 1 fg/ml of egg white protein without cytotoxicity. There was a good correlation between results with EXiLE and oral food challenge tests on patients with egg allergy (P = 0.001687, Fisher's exact test). The measured values of EXiLE and the CAP test also correlated well (R = 0.9127, Spearman's test). Conclusion:, The EXiLE test using RS-ATL8 cells is a promising in vitro IgE test to evaluate the biological activity of the binding between IgE and allergens. [source]


    Low donor-to-recipient weight ratio does not negatively impact survival of pediatric heart transplant patients

    PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 6 2010
    Liwen Tang
    Tang L, Du W, Delius RE, L'Ecuyer TJ, Zilberman MV. Low donor-to-recipient weight ratio does not negatively impact survival of pediatric heart transplant patients. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:741,745. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:, A major limitation to success in pediatric heart transplantation is donor organ shortage. While the use of allografts from donors larger than the recipient is accepted, the use of undersized donor grafts is generally discouraged. Using the UNOS database, we wanted to evaluate whether using smaller donor hearts affects the short- and long-term survival of pediatric heart transplant patients. A retrospective analysis of data entered into the UNOS database from April 1994 to May 2008 was performed. Pediatric heart transplant recipients (ages 0,18 yr) with DRWR <2.0 were identified and divided into two groups: Low-DRWR (<0.8) and Ideal-DRWR (0.8,2.0). Patients' demographics, pretransplant diagnoses, age at transplantation, severity of pretransplant condition, and rate of complications prior to hospital discharge after transplantation were noted. Fisher's exact, chi-square, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare patients' baseline characteristics. Kaplan,Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to compare patients' survival and to identify independent risk factors for outcomes. There were 3048 patients (204 with Low- and 2844 with Ideal-DRWR). The Low-ratio group patients were older (8.3 vs. 6.9 yr; p = 0.001), there was a slight male predominance in the Low-DRWR group (p = 0.055). The Low-DRWR group had longer transplant wait time than the Ideal-DRWR group (97 vs. 85 days; p = 0.04). The groups did not differ in race, primary diagnoses, severity of pretransplant condition (medical urgency status, need for ventilation, inotropic support, ECMO, nitric oxide, or dialysis, the PVR for those with bi-ventricular anatomy), or post-transplant complications (length of stay, need for inotropic support, dialysis, and rate of infections). The Low-DRWR patients had less episodes of acute rejection during the first-post-transplant month. Infants with DRWR 0.5,0.59 had lower 30-day survival rate (p = 0.045). There was no difference in short- and long-term survival between the patients with DRWR 0.6,0.79 and DRWR 0.8,2.0. Use of smaller allografts (DRWR 0.6,0.8) has no negative impact on the short- and long-term survival of pediatric heart transplant patients. [source]


    The Effects of Brain Natriuretic Peptide on Scar Formation in Incisional Rat Wounds

    ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 10 2008
    Breena R. Taira MD
    Abstract Background:, Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a peptide that reduces scar formation in the heart by blocking transforming growth factor-, (TGF-,). Although TGF-, is known to play a role in scar formation in the myocardium, little is known about the effects of BNP on cutaneous wound healing. Objectives:, The objective was to determine if the administration of BNP in healing cutaneous wounds reduces the amount of scarring. Methods:, This was a laboratory investigation using 40 wild-strain rats. Three full-thickness 1-cm incisional wounds were created on each animal and randomized to intradermal BNP, saline, or no treatment. Wounds were excised at 3, 7, 14, 31, and 60 days and examined histologically for scar surface area and collagen architecture. Those wounds excised at 30 days were subjected to a measure of tensile strength and those excised at 60 days were evaluated prior to excision for cosmesis using a scar evaluation scale. The proportion of wounds healing without visually apparent scar was the main outcome. Groups were compared with Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results:, Wounds treated with BNP were more likely to heal without an apparent scar when compared to those treated with saline or control (37.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.03). There were no between-group differences in the surface area of the scars or the collagen architecture. Incisional tensile strength was also similar across treatments. Conclusions:, Treatment of rat incisions with BNP reduced the number of visually apparent scars but did not affect the histologic appearance of the scars or the incisional tensile strength. [source]