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Fish Consumption (fish + consumption)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	68%
Chemistry	21%
2 Other Domains	11%

Selected Abstracts

Frequency of Fish Consumption, Retinal Microvascular Signs and Vascular Mortality

MICROCIRCULATION, Issue 1 2008
Shweta Kaushik BMed (Hons)
ABSTRACT Objective: Fish consumption has established cardiovascular and cerebrovascular benefits, but its effects on microvascular structure have not been examined in population-based studies. We investigated this association, in relation to vascular mortality in an Australian cohort (1992,2004). Methods: Of 3654 participants aged 49+ years, 2683 (73%) with available data were included. Retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were measured, and signs of arterio-venous nicking and retinopathy were assessed from digital retinal images. Fish consumption was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. Results: Both wider mean arteriolar diameter (p = 0.002) and narrower venular diameter (p = 0.02) were associated with increasing frequency of consuming any or oily fish, after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, diet, inflammatory factors and socioeconomic status. This association was mainly present in persons with hypertension. Greater frequency of fish consumption was associated with a reduced prevalence of arterio-venous nicking and a borderline significant trend for reduced retinopathy prevalence. Ten year stroke-related mortality was significantly lower in persons consuming fish at least once per week compared to less frequent consumption (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.93). Conclusions: Recent evidence shows that narrower arterioles and wider venules may predict vascular events. Our new findings suggest that the vascular protective effects of consuming fish could act, in part, by preventing pathological microvasculature change. [source]

LIPID, CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACID PROFILE OF SOME COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FISH SPECIES FROM SOUTH CASPIAN SEA

JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2010
S. PIRESTANI
ABSTRACT The fatty acid, lipid, cholesterol and energy contents in five commercially important fish species from South Caspian Sea (common kilka, Caspian kutum, golden gray mullet, common carp and pike perch) were evaluated. The fatty acid compositions of these five fish species ranged from 28.99 to 41.05% saturated fatty acids, 40.99,56.25% monounsaturated fatty acids and 14.22,23.03% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among these, those occurring in the highest proportions were palmitic acid (20.42,27.9%), palmitoleic acid (11.09,26.26%), oleic acid (16.1,36.94%), eicosapentaenoic acid (3.22,7.53%) and docosahexaenoic acid (3.86,11.36%). The lipid, cholesterol and energy contents ranged from 1.97% to 10.23%, 57,302 mg/100 g and 4365.4,5544.2 cal g/dm, respectively. The obtained Statistical results showed that in these fishes, many of the above mentioned indices had significant differences (P , 0.01) and the cluster analysis results of fatty acid compositions showed that common carp and pike perch had good similarity, followed by the Caspian kutum and golden gray mullet. However, common kilka did not show any similarity to others. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Fish consumption has been linked to health benefits such as reduced risk of coronary heart disease. This is largely attributed to the lipid, cholesterol, energy contents, fatty acid compositions and the polyunsaturated fatty acids present in fish oils. The ,-3 : ,-6, polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid and eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid/C16 ratios are considered to be useful criteria for comparing relative nutritional and oxidation values of fish oils. [source]

EFFECTS OF PRETREATMENT WITH ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.) IN THE PREVENTION OF LIPID OXIDATION IN SALTED TILAPIA FILLETS

JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 5 2008
M. DA SILVA AFONSO
ABSTRACT To delay lipid oxidation during meat processing, synthetic antioxidants have been used in the food industry, but the consumers' concern over their toxicity increased interest in research with natural antioxidants. The aim of this work was to analyze the water activity (Aw), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), moisture and trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen (TCASN) in brined tilapia fillets treated or pretreated with natural rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis) and stored for 240 days at ,18C. Higher Aw (0.900 ± 0.010) and moisture (70.13 ± 0.20) values were observed in the pretreated fillets. The TBARS values in the treatment (3.31 ± 0.79) and pretreatment (3.39 ± 0.53) were half the value of the control treatment (6.14 ± 1.21) at 240 days. Statistical differences were observed in TCASN values in 180 (0.112 ± 0.020) and 240 (0.132 ± 0.017) days, with the pretreatment showing a more protective effect in protein oxidation. In this study, rosemary proved to be protective during the frozen storage, especially when its extract was used as pretreatment, before the salting process. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Fish consumption is highly elastic, because the annual average consumption of seafood per person in Brazil is only 6.8 kg. The federal government has set a goal to increase it to 12 kg by 2007. Salting is an older food preservation process still used today, and is extremely important because, despite advances in food technology, increased monitoring and improved knowledge, it is emphasized as an easy, cheap and effective process that does not require refrigeration. Tilapia is a highly prolific fish, with a production volume that is increasingly higher each year in Brazil. Therefore, it calls for interesting research to allow an increased shelf life for this species. [source]

Frequency of Fish Consumption, Retinal Microvascular Signs and Vascular Mortality

Fish consumption and body burden of organochlorines among lower hudson urban anglers

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 8 2008
Kimberly Morland PhD
Abstract Background Polychlorinated biphenyls and other organochlorines have contaminated the Hudson River and New York/New Jersey Harbor for many decades. Although body burdens and health effects resulting from exposure to these pollutants have been measured in other populations, little is known about anglers from the lower Hudson area. Methods Anglers were recruited from fishing clubs and along piers on the lower Hudson River. One hundred twenty-five participants provided blood samples and questionnaire information. Serum was analyzed at Mount Sinai School of Medicine for organochlorines. Results Mean concentration of total PCB congeners was 4.78 µg/L. A non-significant adjusted mean difference of ,0.59 µg/L was observed between local fish eaters and non-eaters with higher levels among the non-eaters. Similar negative, but non-significant associations were observed for p,p'-DDT, HCB, and ,-BHC. For pp'-DDE, and several chlordane residues, levels were higher among anglers reporting local fish consumption, but the difference was statistically significant only for TN. Conclusions These findings suggest eating fish from the lower Hudson River and NY/NJ harbor is not associated with an increased body burden of PCBs or most other organochlorines. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:587,594, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Fish consumption and school grades in Swedish adolescents: a study of the large general population

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2010
J-L Kim
Abstract Aim:, To study the associations between fish intake and academic achievement as cognitive parameter among Swedish adolescents. Methods:, In 2000, a questionnaire including respiratory items, socioeconomic conditions and dietary information was mailed to all schoolchildren (n = 18 158), aged 15 and living in Västra Götaland region of Sweden. The questionnaire was returned by 10 837 subjects. One year later, the total school grades for each subject who had completed the questionnaire and who included their full personal identification number were obtained from the national registers. Multiple linear regression models were applied to evaluate the association between fish intake and academic grades among 9448 schoolchildren, while adjusting for potential confounders, e.g. parents' education. Results:, Grades were higher in subjects with fish consumption once a week compared with subjects with fish consumption of less than once a week (reference group) [increment in estimate 14.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.8,17.1]. Grades were even higher in subjects with fish consumption of more than once a week compared with the reference group (increment in estimate 19.9, 95% CI 16.5,23.3). In the model stratified for parents' education, there were still higher grades among subjects with frequent fish intake in all educational strata (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Frequent fish intake among schoolchildren may provide benefits in terms of academic achievement. [source]

Fish intake of Swedish male adolescents is a predictor of cognitive performance

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2009
Maria AI Åberg
Abstract Aim: Fish intake is reported to positively influence cognitive performance in infants and the elderly. In a longitudinal cohort study, we evaluated how fish consumption related to later cognitive performance in healthy young male adolescents. Methods: In 2000, all 15-year-olds (n = 18 158; 9260 males) in the western region of Sweden were requested to complete an extensive questionnaire with items on diseases, fish consumption and socioeconomic status. Questionnaire data from the male responders (n = 4792, response rate 52%) were linked with records on subsequent intelligence test performance at age 18 from the Swedish Military Conscription Register (n = 3972). Multivariate linear models were used to estimate associations between fish intake and cognitive performance, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: There was a positive association between the number of times having fish meals per week at age 15 and cognitive performance measured 3 years later. Fish consumption of more than once per week compared to less than once per week was associated with higher stanine scores in combined intelligence (0.58 units; 95% confidence interval 0.39, 0.76), in verbal performance (0.45; 0.27, 0.63) and in visuospatial performance (0.50; 0.31, 0.69). The association between fish consumption and the 3 intelligence scores was the same in lowly and highly educated groups. This indicates that education did not influence the association between the frequency of fish meals consumed and cognitive performance. Conclusion: Frequent fish intake at age 15 was associated with significantly higher cognitive performance 3 years later. [source]

A diet enriched with mackerel (Scomber scombrus),derived products improves the endothelial function in a senior population (Prevención de las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares: Estudio Santoña , PECES project)

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 3 2009
J. R. De Berrazueta
ABSTRACT Background, Regular consumption of fish reduces cardiovascular risks. Here, we investigate if the consumption of products with mackerel (Scomber scombrus) with 8·82 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content per 100 g of product improves parameters of endothelial function in a controlled population. Materials and methods, Subjects maintained a 12-week diet with products with mackerel. The population consisted of 58 senior subjects (12 withdrawals, 25 women), aged 82·08 ± 8·13 years (Group A). Twenty-three senior subjects (13 women) on a regular diet were used as the control group (Group B). Subjects of Group A received 57 portions throughout 12 weeks (four to five portions a week of products with a mean EPA + DHA content of 2·5 g a day). A continuous follow-up and a final evaluation were performed to determine the level of consumption. Plasma samples were stored at ,70 °C for a biochemical study. Endothelial function was analysed by reactive hyperemia with a mercury strain gauge plethysmography with measurement of blood flow in the forearm, both baseline and at the end of the 12-week diet. Results, Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation significantly increased in Group A subjects (P < 0·001). No changes were found in Group B. The subgroup analyses showed that improvements were produced in Group A subjects without cardiovascular disease (P < 0·001). Nitrites/nitrates and von Willebrand factor plasma concentrations were higher in participants after the 12-week diet. Conclusions, The consumption of mackerel meat products improves endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilatation in a senior population. This finding might explain some of the cardioprotective effects of fish consumption. [source]

Blue fish burgers: nutritional characterisation and sensory optimisation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2009
Rossella Di Monaco
Summary In order to reduce waste of marine resources, valorise fishing discards and move towards fish consumption, a new ready-to-cook seafood product was developed. In particular, a chemical investigation on chub mackerel and hake was conducted to the aim of mixing the two fish species to produce nutritionally balanced fish burgers. In addition, to evaluate consumer opinion about these new fresh products and best acceptability of different proportions of mackerel and hake, focus group interviews and consumer test were also performed. The results of the chemical analyses achieved on both selected fish species gave rise to minimally processed fish products with a high amount of chub mackerel, therefore providing the desired nutritional properties and low level of hake in order to obtain firmer and wetter burgers. By means of focus group interviews, the novelty and high level of convenience of the developed fresh commodity was highlighted. Consumer test declared that the most successful sample was that with 70% chub mackerel and 30% hake. [source]

Diet and Its Relationship with Grip Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Men and Women: The Hertfordshire Cohort Study

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 1 2008
Sian M. Robinson PhD
OBJECTIVES: To examine relationships between diet and grip strength in older men and women and to determine whether prenatal growth modifies these relationships. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand nine hundred eighty-three men and women aged 59 to 73 who were born and still living in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. MEASUREMENTS: Weight at birth recorded in Health Visitor ledgers; current food and nutrient intake assessed using an administered food frequency questionnaire; and grip strength measured using a handheld dynamometer. RESULTS: Grip strength was positively associated with height and weight at birth and inversely related to age (all P<.001). Of the dietary factors considered in relation to grip strength, the most important was fatty fish consumption. An increase in grip strength of 0.43 kg (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.13,0.74) in men (P=.005) and 0.48 kg (95% CI=0.24,0.72) in women (P<.001) was observed for each additional portion of fatty fish consumed per week. These relationships were independent of adult height, age, and birth weight, each of which had additive effects on grip strength. There was no evidence of interactive effects of weight at birth and adult diet on grip strength. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that fatty fish consumption can have an important influence on muscle function in older men and women. This raises the possibility that the antiinflammatory actions of omega-3 fatty acids may play a role in the prevention of sarcopenia. [source]

Importance of instrumental and sensory analysis in the assessment of oxidative deterioration of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich foods

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 2 2007
Wojciech Kolanowski
Abstract Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) positively influence human health. Their main dietary source is fish, especially fish oil. Owing to low fish consumption in many Western countries the average intake of omega-3 LC PUFA is below the recommended level. This raises interest in diet supplementation and food enrichment with fish oil. However, due to a high degree of unsaturation fish oil is extremely susceptible to oxidation. Oxidation of fish oil increases when added to food products, which may be enhanced by some antioxidants, under certain conditions. For quality control of omega-3 LC PUFA-containing foods adequate and combined methods of oxidation assessment should be used, beginning from the raw material and continuing during processing, storage and distribution. To achieve this goal correlation of instrumental and sensory methods with multivariate data analysis may give the best results. In this paper problems of oxidation of fish oil and fish oil-containing foods, as well as methods for its assessment, are reviewed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Frequency of Fish Consumption, Retinal Microvascular Signs and Vascular Mortality

Dietary factors in the aetiology of postnatal depression

NUTRITION BULLETIN, Issue 3 2008
E. Derbyshire
Summary Prevalence of postnatal depression (PND) occurs in approximately 13,20% of women after birth and has detrimental consequences for both the mother and the offspring. The causes of PND remain unclear, with research suggesting a multifactorial aetiology. It is believed that some dietary constituents may, in part, be related to the onset of PND. The possible protective roles of folate, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium and zinc intake have been investigated, as well as the role of a high glycaemic index diet, with conflicting results. Most of the literature appears to have focused on the symptoms of PND in relation to patterns of fish consumption and intake of n -3(omega-3) fatty acids. A review of studies published through MEDLINE indicated that riboflavin, calcium and zinc may play a role in alleviating symptoms of PND. Although a greater number of published papers have studied associations between n -3 intake and PND incidence, findings are somewhat contradictory. Further research is now required to develop these preliminary research findings with an aim to reducing the health costs of PND through the application of nutritional interventions. [source]

Fish consumption and body burden of organochlorines among lower hudson urban anglers

Exposures associated with serum organochlorine levels among postmenopausal women from Western New York state

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2002
Kirsten B. Moysich PhD
Abstract Background Organochlorines, such as 2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) are lipophilic compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment and may cause adverse health effects in humans. Methods We examined the correlation between epidemiological exposure variables and serum DDE, PCB, and HCB levels in a sample of 192 healthy, female postmenopausal western New York residents; a subset of the control group from a case,control study on breast cancer risk. Usual diet, reproductive and medical histories, and other lifestyle information were obtained by an extensive in person interview. Serum levels (ng/g) of DDE, HCB, and 69 PCB congeners were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Statistical analyses included computations of crude and age and lipid adjusted correlation coefficients, as well as multiple linear regression analysis. Results Results indicated that the strongest predictors for serum DDE levels were age, serum lipids, parity, and fruit and dairy consumption. Statistically significant predictors of PCB levels included age, serum lipids, parity, and fish consumption. Serum HCB levels were related to age, serum lipids, and fruit and red meat consumption. Conclusions Our findings are consistent with previous investigations that reported strong associations between organochlorine levels and age and serum lipids. The absence of other data showing an association between fruit intake and organochlorine levels make the importance of this finding unclear. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:102,110, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Water-related occupations and diet in two Roman coastal communities (Italy, first to third century AD): Correlation between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values and auricular exostosis prevalence,

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Fiona Crowe
Abstract The reconstruction of dietary patterns in the two Roman imperial age coastal communities of Portus and Velia (I,III AD) by means of stable isotope analysis of bone remains has exposed a certain degree of heterogeneity between and within the two samples. Results do not correlate with any discernible mortuary practices at either site, which might have pointed to differential social status. The present study tests the hypothesis of a possible connection between dietary habits and occupational activities in the two communities. Among skeletal markers of occupation, external auricular exostosis (EAE) has proved to be very informative. Clinical and retrospective epidemiological surveys have revealed a strong positive correlation between EAE development and habitual exposure to cold water. In this study, we show that there is a high rate of occurrence of EAE among adult males in both skeletal samples (21.1% in Portus and 35.3% in Velia). Further, there is a statistically significant higher prevalence of EAE among those individuals at Velia with very high nitrogen isotopic values. This points to fishing (coastal, low-water fishing) as the sea-related occupation most responsible for the onset of the ear pathology. For Portus, where the consumption of foods from sea and river seems to be more widespread through the population, and where the scenario of seaport and fluvial activities was much more complex than in Velia, a close correlation between EAE and fish consumption by fishermen is less easy to establish. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Prenatal PCB exposure and neurobehavioral development in infants and children: Can the Oswego study inform the current debate?

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 6 2004
Paul Stewart
In the current paper we describe the methodology and results of the Oswego study, in light of D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, and S.S. Sparrow's (this issue) criticisms regarding the validity of the human health/behavioral claims in the PCB literature. The Oswego project began as a replication of the Lake Michigan Maternal Infant Cohort study. Beyond replication of the Michigan findings, the study sought to extend results and conclusions through more comprehensive behavioral assessment, and improved confounder control and analytic methodology. Results over the past 5 years have demonstrated a convincing replication of the Michigan findings. The Michigan cohort reported findings relating Great Lakes fish consumption to performance impairments on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (J. Jacobson, S. Jacobson, P. Schwartz, G. Fein, & J. Dowler, 1984). These findings were also found in the Oswego cohort (E. Lonky, J. Reihman, T. Darvill, J. Mather, & H. Daly, 1996), and the Oswego study extended the association to cord blood PCBS (P.W. Stewart, J. Reihman, E. Lonky, and T. Darvill, 2000). The Michigan cohort reported an association between prenatal PCB exposure and poorer performance on the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (S.W. Jacobson, G.G. Fein, J.L. Jacobson, P.M. Schwartz, & J.K. Dowler, 1985). The Oswego cohort found similar results (T. Darvill, E. Lonky, J. Reihman, P. Stewart, & J. Pagano, 2000). The Michigan Cohort reported an association between prenatal PCB exposure and performance impairments on the McCarthy Scales of Children's abilities (J. Jacobson & S. Jacobson, 1997). The Oswego study also found PCB-related impairments on the McCarthy Scales (P.W. Stewart, J. Reihman, E. Lonky, T. Darvill, & J. Pagano, 2003). The Oswego results used the same exposure metric in every paper, employed conservative statistical design and analysis, and controlled for more than 40 potentially confounding variables. Moreover, while PCBs were related to all the behavioral endpoints outlined above, alternative candidates for effect, including lead, HCB, Mirex, DDE, and MeHg were not. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that prenatal PCB exposure results in statistically significant predictors of small, but measurable, deficits in cognitive development from infancy through early childhood. Cicchetti et al. argue that these results, generated by independent investigators, be dismissed because they reflect a combination of measurement error, Type I error, and residual confounding. The evidence Cicchetti et al. present in support of their position fails to explain the nearly identical pattern of associations observed in the Oswego and Michigan Cohorts. In light of this replication, the extensive assessment of potential confounders, the effective elimination of alternative contaminants, and the conservative statistical approach employed in the Oswego study, we find that Cicchetti et al.'s claims are not substantiated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 639,653, 2004. [source]