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Fiscal Crisis (fiscal + crisis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting42%
Law and Criminology28%
Humanities and Social Sciences28%

Selected Abstracts

Preventing Local Government Fiscal Crises: The North Carolina Approach

PUBLIC BUDGETING AND FINANCE, Issue 3 2007
CHARLES K. COE
Some local governments face fiscal challenges due to mismanagement and declining economies. In particular, manufacturing states like Michigan and Ohio have been hard hit by the effects of international competition. To prevent fiscal distress from becoming a crisis, states exercise oversight over local government fiscal management. The three bond rating agencies consider the North Carolina oversight system a model. This paper discusses the North Carolina oversight system, including audit review, technical assistance, debt issuance, and power to take over the financial operations of distressed local units. [source]

State Rainy Day Funds and Fiscal Crises: Rainy Day Funds and the 1990,1991 Recession Revisited

PUBLIC BUDGETING AND FINANCE, Issue 1 2002
James W. Douglas
The recession of the early 1980s prompted many states to establish budget stabilization (rainy day) funds. Initial examinations of rainy day funds find a limited impact by the funds in alleviating fiscal stress. In this article, we propose an enhanced model of rainy day fund impact. Using data from 48 states for the 1990,1991 recession, our analysis indicates that the presence of a number of structural factors and the maintenance of generally large balances in other funds entering recession helps to alleviate fiscal stress when a state's economy is in recession. [source]

Services of General Interest in EC Law: Matching Values to Regulatory Technique in the Public and Privatised Sectors

EUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 4 2000
Colin Scott
All the European Union Member States have long traditions of state activity in providing key services (such as the utilities, health and education) to their citizens and underpinning both such direct provision and provision of services by non-state actors with certain administrative or legal guarantees. In European Community doctrines they are referred to as ,services of general interest' within which is a narrower class of ,services of general economic interest'. The diverse national public service traditions have been challenged both by the requirements of the single market and by other pressures such as fiscal crisis and broader public sector reform. This article examines the means by which services to which special principles should be applied can be identified and focuses on the range of sometimes contradictory values denoted by the term ,services of general interest', examining the range of regime types (based on hierarchical, competition-based and community forms) by which those values might be pursued. The concluding section suggests that the matching of values to techniques should not be made according to the importance of the values to be pursued, but rather by reference to which techniques are likely to be effective given the configuration of interests and capacities and existing culture within the target domain. [source]

The Globalization of Taxation?

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2003
Electronic Commerce, the Transformation of the State
The anticipated growth of new communications technologies, including the Internet and other digital networks, will make it increasingly difficult for states to tax global commerce effectively. Greater harmonization and coordination of national tax policies will likely be required in the coming years in order to address this problem. Given that the history of the state is inseparable from the history of taxation, this "globalization of taxation" could have far-reaching political implications. The modern state itself emerged out of a fiscal crisis of medieval European feudalism, which by the 14th and 15th centuries was increasingly incapable of raising sufficient revenues to support the mounting expenses of warfare. If new developments in the technology of commerce are now undermining the efficiency of the state as an autonomous taxing entity, fiscal pressures may produce a similar shift in de facto political authority away from the state and toward whatever international mechanisms are created to expedite the taxation of these new forms of commerce. [source]

The price of government: Getting the results we need in an age of permanent fiscal crisis

JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2006
William Eimicke
[source]

Visions of utopia: markets, medicine and the National Health Service

LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 3 2009
John Harrington
Legislative restrictions on the sale of organs, gametes and surrogacy services are often seen as having no basis other than mere prejudice or taboo. This paper argues instead that they can be read as instances of a broader decommodification of healthcare provision established in Britain with the creation of the NHS in 1948. Restrictions on the marketisation of medicine were justified by Aneurin Bevan, the founder of the NHS, and by Richard Titmuss, one of its chief academic defenders, in distinctly utopian terms. On this vision, the NHS would function as a utopian enclave prefiguring an idealised non-capitalist future. This commonsense of post-war medicine was fatally destabilised by fiscal crisis and social critique in the 1970s. Influential commentators like Ian Kennedy developed an anti-utopian account of the real NHS and proposed legalistic and market-based reform. These reforms sought to dissolve the enclave, assimilating medical work and the NHS as a whole to broader systems of accounting and accountability. Insofar as they have been realised, they achieve a recommodification of medicine in Britain. The paper concludes by examining recent studies of the ,new NHS', which see in the latter-day idealisation of market processes a novel form of self-denying utopianism. [source]

Practicing Anthropology in a Time of Crisis: 2009 Year in Review

AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2010
Keri Vacanti Brondo
ABSTRACT, The breadth and reach of practicing anthropologists in 2009 suggests that anthropology has entered a new phase of advanced engagement at local, national, and international levels. In this article, I review thematic areas in which practicing anthropologists made significant contributions in 2009, including fiscal crisis and business anthropology; U.S. race relations, civil rights, and policy reforms; human rights, environmental change, and displacement; global health and human rights; and war and peace. New areas of expansion are also discussed in the arenas of public archaeology, museums and heritage, and engaged scholarship. Innovations in anthropological research and communicating ethnographic findings with the broader public are reviewed. [source]