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First Interview (first + interview)
Selected AbstractsUrinary Incontinence in Pregnancy and the PuerperiumJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 6 2001Charlotte E. Spellacy MS Objective: To describe the incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) during pregnancy and the puerperium and to identify potential contributing factors. Design: A descriptive correlational design, using participant interviews and reviews of the existing medical records to determine the incidence of UI in pregnancy and the puerperium and to examine relationships between and among several variables. The variables included parity, episiotomy, use of forceps/vacuum extractor, type of anesthesia, prolonged Stage II labor, and race. Data were collected via two personal interviews and review of medical records. The first interview was conducted during the recruitment of each participant; the second was a telephone interview conducted 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Data collected from the medical records included obstetric history, weeks of gestation, and estimated date of delivery. Data were entered into data files for analysis with SPSS 8.0 and summarized with descriptive statistics. Setting: A secluded area of a university teaching hospital prenatal clinic. Participants: A convenience sample of 50 pregnant women, at least 18 years old, who received their care at a large university hospital prenatal clinic in the southeastern part of the United States. Results: First Interview (N= 50). More than half (62%; n= 31) of the sample reported some degree of involuntary urine loss during their pregnancy. The racial distribution of those reporting UI was the following: white (70%; 21 out of 30); African American (44%; 8 out of 18); Hispanic/Asian (100%; n= 2). Among the participants who experienced UI (n= 31), 76% (n= 23) reported that their health care provider never asked if they were experiencing any UI symptoms. Second Interview (n= 24). Only 48% of the initial participants could be contacted for the second interview because of changes in residence or telephones being disconnected with no forwarding number. Of the women in this sample who reported UI during the first interview (59%; n= 14), 7 (50%) continued to experience UI 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. The 2 remaining participants who reported UI 4 to 6 weeks postpartum (22%) had not experienced UI during pregnancy. Of the participants experiencing postpartum UI, 77% (n= 7) were white. Almost half of the participants with postpartum UI were ages 35 or older (44%; n= 4). Among the participants reporting episiotomy (n= 4), 3 (75%) reported having UI 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Conclusions: Study results support the conclusion that childbirth, specifically vaginal birth, is a major factor in developing UI in the early postpartum period. Age, race, and use of episiotomy appear to be contributing risk factors. [source] Use of non-prescribed methadone and other illicit drugs during methadone maintenance treatmentDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 1 2000Dr. DAVID BEST Abstract Patterns of illicit and non-prescribed drug use among a cohort of 100 patients in methadone maintenance treatment were tracked over a 6-month period. While there were no statistically significant changes in alcohol or heroin use, there were significant increases in the frequency of crack cocaine and cannabis use. Use of non-prescribed methadone had also increased. Twenty-one percent reported non-prescribed methadone use at follow-up who had not done so at the first interview, with increases also in the mean quantities used. Non-prescribed methadone use at the second interview was strongly associated with the amounts of both methadone and diazepam prescribed at each of the data collecting points. [source] Studying the incidence of depression: an ,interval' effectINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2000Jane M. Murphy Abstract A review of studies about the incidence of depression suggested that the length of the ,interval' of follow up may influence the findings. Exploration of these issues is carried out using data from the Stirling County Study, an investigation of psychiatric epidemiology in a general population. The study's customary method of diagnosis, DePression and AnXiety (DPAX), and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) were used in an incidence investigation whose ,interval' was less than three years. Average annual incidence rates of depression for both DPAX and DIS were about 15 per 1000. Where longer intervals were used in the Stirling Study, rates were close to four per 1000. Projected lifetime risk based on the lower rates was more congruent with reported lifetime prevalence than that based on the higher rates. Irrespective of method, 90% or more of the incident cases gave an onset that predated the initial interview, suggesting poor reliability. This was often due to the fact that information given in the first interview met some but not all of the criteria for diagnosis. Being in the ,borderline' category at the beginning of the study significantly increased incidence. Thus, evidence from the Stirling County Study replicated findings that suggest an ,interval effect' and pointed to the need in incidence studies for distinguishing between the onset of the prodrome and the onset of diagnosable depression. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Psychological Factors Associated with Obtaining EmploymentJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 2 2007Elizabeth Hensel Background, Less than 10% of people with intellectual disabilities are employed. The aim of the present study was to investigate what psychological factors might predict employment outcome for people with intellectual disability who had received a placement in a supported employment service. Method, Sixty people were interviewed whilst they were in the supported employment preparation agency and where possible 3 and 9 months after leaving. The structured interview included a number of psychological measures. Those who subsequently gained employment were compared with those who did not. Results, Those who gained employment were significantly more motivated by status aspiration, and judged themselves significantly less happy than those who did not gain employment, at the first interview. Conclusions, It is possible that people who are more dissatisfied with their life might be more motivated to change their circumstances. Supported employment agencies might consider using a measure of motivation as an entry criterion or as a way of identifying who needs help with developing motivation. [source] Medicines information and adherence in HIV/AIDS patientsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 1 2006L. E. Mansoor BPharm Summary Background:, Providing written medicines information is being legislated in an increasing number of countries worldwide, with the patient information leaflet (PIL) being the most widely used method for conveying health information. The impact of providing such information on adherence to therapy is reportedly unpredictable. Therapy for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and related opportunistic infections usually involves polytherapy and complex regimens, both of which are risk factors for non-adherence. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of medicines information on adherence to chronic co-trimoxazole therapy in low-literate HIV/AIDS patients. Methods:, Two different PILs were designed for co-trimoxazole tablets and were available in both English and isiXhosa. Participants were randomly allocated to a control group (receiving no PIL), group A (receiving a ,complex PIL') and group B (receiving a ,simple PIL' incorporating pictograms). At the first interview, demographic data were collected and the time, date and day that the participant would take his/her first tablet of the month's course was also documented. In a follow-up interview adherence to therapy was assessed using two methods; self-report and tablet count. Results:, The medicines information materials incorporating simple text and pictograms resulted in significantly improved adherence to therapy in the short term, whereas a non-significant increase in adherence was associated with the availability of the more complex information. This was shown by both the self-reported assessment as well as the tablet count. Conclusion:, This research suggests that appropriately designed written material can have a positive impact in improving adherence and, together with verbal consultation, are essential for enabling patients to make appropriate decisions about their medicine taking. [source] Parenting and Adolescents' Sexual InitiationJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 4 2009Monica A. Longmore This study draws on social control and social learning theories to examine the role of dating-specific attitudes and practices as predictors of adolescents' sexual initiation. We include attention to the adolescent's reaction to control attempts as a further means of assessing family dynamics (i.e., frequency of dating disagreements). The study uses longitudinal data from 697 adolescents who were not sexually active at the first interview as well as separate interviews with parents. In models that include all parenting variables, parental caring, parents' preferences that the child should delay sex, and the frequency of dating disagreements were significant predictors of initiation of teen sexual activity. [source] Urinary Incontinence in Pregnancy and the PuerperiumJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 6 2001Charlotte E. Spellacy MS Objective: To describe the incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) during pregnancy and the puerperium and to identify potential contributing factors. Design: A descriptive correlational design, using participant interviews and reviews of the existing medical records to determine the incidence of UI in pregnancy and the puerperium and to examine relationships between and among several variables. The variables included parity, episiotomy, use of forceps/vacuum extractor, type of anesthesia, prolonged Stage II labor, and race. Data were collected via two personal interviews and review of medical records. The first interview was conducted during the recruitment of each participant; the second was a telephone interview conducted 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Data collected from the medical records included obstetric history, weeks of gestation, and estimated date of delivery. Data were entered into data files for analysis with SPSS 8.0 and summarized with descriptive statistics. Setting: A secluded area of a university teaching hospital prenatal clinic. Participants: A convenience sample of 50 pregnant women, at least 18 years old, who received their care at a large university hospital prenatal clinic in the southeastern part of the United States. Results: First Interview (N= 50). More than half (62%; n= 31) of the sample reported some degree of involuntary urine loss during their pregnancy. The racial distribution of those reporting UI was the following: white (70%; 21 out of 30); African American (44%; 8 out of 18); Hispanic/Asian (100%; n= 2). Among the participants who experienced UI (n= 31), 76% (n= 23) reported that their health care provider never asked if they were experiencing any UI symptoms. Second Interview (n= 24). Only 48% of the initial participants could be contacted for the second interview because of changes in residence or telephones being disconnected with no forwarding number. Of the women in this sample who reported UI during the first interview (59%; n= 14), 7 (50%) continued to experience UI 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. The 2 remaining participants who reported UI 4 to 6 weeks postpartum (22%) had not experienced UI during pregnancy. Of the participants experiencing postpartum UI, 77% (n= 7) were white. Almost half of the participants with postpartum UI were ages 35 or older (44%; n= 4). Among the participants reporting episiotomy (n= 4), 3 (75%) reported having UI 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Conclusions: Study results support the conclusion that childbirth, specifically vaginal birth, is a major factor in developing UI in the early postpartum period. Age, race, and use of episiotomy appear to be contributing risk factors. [source] Use of the Bispectral Index monitor to aid titration of propofol during a drug-assisted interviewPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 2 2001Greta M. Palmer MB We report two drug-assisted interviews with propofol in an 18-year-old with the diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1. We describe difficulty in titration of propofol in the first interview. Consequently, in the second interview, the Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor was applied to assist adjustment of the propofol infusion. This facilitated the achievement of a prolonged sedative-hypnotic state for a successful neuropsychological evaluation. Pertinent information was obtained from this patient. However, the role of drug-assisted interviews as a technique needs to be further elucidated. [source] Autobiographical and event memories for surprising and unsurprising eventsAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Emanuele Coluccia Although research converges on the idea that surprise is not essential to form a ,flashbulb memory' (FBM), no study has explicitly shown that a FBM that develops from an unexpected event has the same structure as a FBM that develops from an expected event. In the present research, we explored whether there is any substantial difference on veridicality, consistency and confidence in both autobiographical and event memories for surprising and expected events. Two groups of participants were tested for their memories of a surprising (Study I) or an expected (Study II) event at different delays of indexing from the original news. All participants were then re-tested after 6 months and again after 1 year from the first interview. The same patterns of results were found for both events. Consistent with the ,narrative and rehearsal' hypothesis, our results provide direct evidence that surprise does not affect the structure of a FBM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A comparison of preschoolers' recall of experienced versus non-experienced events across multiple interviewsAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2003Martine B. Powell Preschool children's recall of both experienced and non-experienced activities was examined across three interviews. One hundred and six children aged 4 to 5 years (58 males, 48 females) from both low and high socioeconomic status areas participated in an event called the Deakin Activities, which consisted of two experienced activities. One or two days later, the children were asked to recall what happened in the two activities and an activity they had not experienced which was suggested to have occurred along with the experienced activities. Next, children were given false suggestions about one of the experienced (true-biased) activities and the non-experienced (false) activity. For the remaining experienced (true-unbiased) activity, no questions were asked. Three and eight days after the activities were presented, children were again required to recall all three activities in their own words while a variety of suggestive techniques were used as encouragers. The results revealed that irrespective of the SES group, assent rates across the true and false activities became more similar after the first interview. Furthermore, children's narratives about the false activity became more similar in detail, structure and quality to their narratives about the true activities across interviews. However, the rate of fantastic/improbable details was higher for the false activity compared to the true activities, children reported more interviewer suggestions about the false activity than the true-biased activity, and there were fewer confabulation errors reported about the false activity compared to the true activities. The implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Smoking and pregnancy-related pelvic painBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 8 2010K Biering Please cite this paper as: Biering K, Aagaard Nohr E, Olsen J, Hjollund N, Nybo Andersen A-M, Juhl M. Smoking and pregnancy-related pelvic pain. BJOG 2010;117:1019,1026. Objective, To investigate possible associations between smoking and pregnancy-related pelvic pain. Design, Nested case,control study. Setting, Denmark 2000,2001. Population, The Danish National Birth Cohort. Methods, The women were interviewed twice in pregnancy and twice after childbirth. The first pregnancy interview provided information on smoking and possible confounding factors, whereas the first interview after birth addressed case identification. Cases (n = 2302) were defined on the basis of self-reported pelvic pain, and controls were selected among women who did not report pelvic pain (n = 2692). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations between smoking and pelvic pain. Main outcome mreasue, Pregnancy-related pelvic pain. Results, Compared with non-smokers, women who smoked during pregnancy had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.2 (1.0,1.4) for overall pelvic pain, similar to women who stopped smoking in early pregnancy 1.3 (1.1,1.7). The equivalent adjusted odds ratio for severe pelvic pain was 1.2 (1.0,1.5) for smokers, and 1.5 (1.2,1.9) for women who stopped smoking. Smoking intensity, measured as number of cigarettes smoked per day, was associated with pelvic pain in a dose,response pattern. Information about smoking was collected prospectively, which makes it unlikely that differential recall alone explains the results. Conclusions, Smoking was associated with pregnancy-related pelvic pain, with a dose,response pattern between reported smoking intensity and pelvic pain. These findings suggest a possible new risk factor for a common ailment during pregnancy. [source] | |||||||||||||