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First Condition (first + condition)
Selected AbstractsFocusing on the software of managing health workers: what can we learn from high commitment management practices?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2008Bruno Marchal Abstract Knowledge of what constitutes best practice in human resource management (HRM) in public-oriented services is limited and the operational aspects of managing health workers at provision level have been poorly studied. The magnet hospital concept offers some insights into HRM practices that are leading to high commitment. These have been shown to lead to superior performance in not only industrial business firms, but also service industries and the public service. The mechanisms that drive these practices include positive psychological links between managers and staff, organizational commitment and trust. Conditions for successful high commitment management (HiCoM) include health service managers with a strong vision and able to transmit this vision to their staff, appropriate decision spaces for healthcare managers and a pool of reasonable well-trained health workers. For this, adequate remuneration is the first condition. Equally important are the issues of cultural fit and of ,commitment'. What would staff expect from management in return for their commitment to the organization? Salary buys indeed time of employees, but other practices ensure their commitment. Only if these drivers are understood will managers be able to make their HRM practices more responsive to the needs and expectations of the health workers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Scanning electron microscopy applied to seed-borne fungi examinationMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 7 2009Marcelo De Carvalho Alves Abstract The aim of this study was to test the standard scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as a potential alternative to study seed-borne fungi in seeds, by two different conditions of blotter test and water restriction treatment. In the blotter test, seeds were subjected to conditions that enabled pathogen growth and expression, whereas the water restriction method consisted in preventing seed germination during the incubation period, resulting in the artificial inoculation of fungi. In the first condition, seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were submitted to the standard blotter test and then prepared and observed with SEM. In the second condition, seeds of cotton (G. hirsutum), soybean (Glycine max L.), and common bean (P. vulgaris L.) were, respectively, inoculated with Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides, Colletotrichum truncatum, and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by the water restriction technique, followed by preparation and observation with SEM. The standard SEM methodology was adopted to prepare the specimens. Considering the seeds submitted to the blotter test, it was possible to identify Fusarium sp. on maize, C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides, and Fusarium oxysporum on cotton, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp. on common bean. Structures of C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides, C. truncatum, and C. lindemuthianum were observed in the surface of inoculated seeds. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Deficits of temporal discrimination in dystonia are independent from the spatial distance between the loci of tactile stimulationMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 2 2002Michele Tinazzi MD Abstract To assess whether spatial variables influence deficits of temporal somesthetic discrimination in dystonic patients, 10 patients with idiopathic dystonia and 12 healthy controls were tested with pairs of non-noxious electrical stimuli separated by different time intervals. Stimuli were delivered: (1) to the pad of the index finger (same-point condition), (2) to the pad and to the base of the index finger (same-finger condition), and (3) to the pad of the index and ring fingers (different-finger condition). Subjects were asked to report whether they perceived single or double stimuli in the first condition and synchronous or asynchronous stimuli in the second and third conditions. Somesthetic temporal discrimination thresholds (STDTs) were obtained by computing the shortest time interval at which stimuli, applied to the left or the right hand, were perceived as separate in the first condition or asynchronous in the second and third conditions. STDTs were significantly higher in dystonic patients than controls in all three conditions. In both dystonia patients and controls, STDTs resulted highest in conditions whereby stimuli were maximally separated in space. Results extend current knowledge of deficits of somesthetic temporal discrimination in dystonia by showing that temporal deficits are not influenced by spatial variables. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society. [source] Teaching cooperative play to typical children utilizing a behavior modeling approach: a systematic replicationBEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 3 2002Erik Jahr This study investigated the acquisition of cooperative play in three typical children. The differential effectiveness of two different modeling conditions was compared, where in the first condition the children were trained to observe and imitate modeled cooperative play. In the second condition the children observed and described the modeled play prior to imitation. During training, modeled play episodes varied across play topics. The criterion for mastery in training was correct responding on first trial with new modeled play episodes. The results showed that the children became able to take turns in novel episodes of cooperative play and to show play variability only after including verbal description as part of the modeling procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The efficacy of noncontingent reinforcement as treatment for automatically reinforced stereotypyBEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 2 2002Lisa N. Britton Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), in the form of continuous access to preferred leisure items, has recently been reported as a successful treatment for automatically reinforced aberrant behavior. However, previous research has shown that the outcome of such procedures can be compromised under certain circumstances, such as when the response effort required to access leisure items is increased. The purpose of the current study was to assess the efficacy of two variations of NCR as treatment for automatically reinforced stereotypy. In the first phase of the study, functional analyses revealed that the stereotypy of three individuals with developmental disabilities was maintained independent of social consequences. A sensory class assessment was then conducted to identify the specific sensory products that appeared to maintain the behaviors. Finally, we evaluated the effects of NCR (using stimuli identified in the previous assessments) under two conditions. In the first condition, the leisure item was made freely available, by placing it on the table in front of the participant. In the other condition, an experimenter prompted the participant to interact with the leisure item at the beginning of the session. The results indicated that NCR successfully competed with stereotypy only when participants were prompted to interact with the leisure item. These findings are discussed in the context of developing NCR interventions for automatically reinforced aberrant behavior. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of ,-11 giardin from Giardia lambliaACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 11 2006Puja Pathuri ,-11 Giardin, a protein from the annexin superfamily, is a 35.0,kDa protein from the intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia which triggers a form of diarrhea called giardiasis. Here, the cloning, expression, purification and the crystallization of ,-11 giardin under two different conditions and in two different space groups is reported. Crystals from the first condition diffracted to 1.1,Å and belong to a primitive orthorhombic space group, while crystals from the second condition, which included calcium in the crystallization solution, diffracted to 2.93,Å and belong to a primitive monoclinic space group. Determination of the detailed atomic structure of ,-11 giardin will provide a better insight into its biological function and might establish whether this class of proteins is a potential drug target against giardiasis. [source] | ||||||||||