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Alcoholic Extract (alcoholic + extract)
Selected AbstractsAntidiabetic properties of the alcoholic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic ratsJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 7 2008Kirti S. Prabhu We have investigated the possible antihyperglycaemic effects of Sphaeranthus indicus extract in rats rendered diabetic by nicotinamide (120 mgkg,1 i.p.) and streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mgkg,1 i.p). Fasting plasma glucose levels, serum insulin levels, serum lipid profiles, magnesium levels, glycosylated haemoglobin, changes in body weight and liver glycogen levels were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. Oral administration of S. indicus for 15 days resulted in significant decrease in blood glucose levels and increases in hepatic glycogen and plasma insulin levels. Fasting normal rats treated with the alcoholic extract of S. indicus showed significant improvement in oral glucose tolerance test. Glibenclamide was used as a reference standard. The findings demonstrate that the alcoholic S. indicus extract may be useful in the treatment of diabetes. [source] Evaluation of the radioprotective effect of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. extract in mice exposed to different doses of gamma radiationJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 8 2003Ganesh Chandra Jagetia The effect of various doses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 300, 600 and 900 mg kg,1) of the alcoholic extract of the plant Ageratum conyzoides Linn. (ACE), on the alteration of radiation-induced mortality in mice exposed to 10 Gy of gamma radiation was studied. The acute toxicity studies showed that the drug was non-toxic up to a dose of 3000 mg kg,1, the highest dose that could be tested for acute toxicity. Administration of ACE resulted in a dose-dependent decline in radiation-induced mortality up to a dose of 75 mg kg,1, the dose at which the highest number of survivors (70.83%) was observed. Thereafter, the number of survivors declined with increasing doses of ACE and a nadir was reached at 900 mg kg,1 ACE. Since the number of survivors was highest for 75 mg kg,1 ACE, this was considered the optimum dose for radioprotection and used in further studies in which mice were treated with 75 mg kg,1 ACE before exposure to 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 Gy of gamma radiation. The treatment of mice with 75 mg kg,1 ACE reduced the severity of symptoms of radiation sickness and mortality at all exposure doses, and a significant increase in survival was observed compared with the non-treated irradiated group. The ACE treatment effectively protected mice against the gastrointestinal as well as bone marrow related death, as revealed by the increased number of survivors at all irradiation doses. The dose reduction factor was found to be 1.3. To understand the mechanism of action, various doses of ACE were evaluated for their in-vitro scavenging action on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a chemically stable free radical. ACE was found to scavenge DPPH radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that the radioprotection afforded by ACE may be in part due to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species induced by ionizing radiation. [source] Extract of Juglandaceae regia Inhibits Growth, In-vitro Adherence, Acid Production and Aggregation of Streptococcus mutansJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2000A. G. JAGTAP Aqueous and alcoholic extracts from Juglandaceae regia, used as chewing sticks to maintain oral hygiene, were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth and some physiological functions of Streptococcus mutans. Both the aqueous and the alcoholic extract strongly inhibited the growth, in-vitro adherence, acid production and glucan-induced aggregation of S. mutans. At a concentration of 8% w/v, the aqueous extract produced a 95% inhibition (P < 0.05) of adherence of S. mutans to glass and a 40% inhibition (P < 0.05) of adherence to tooth surface. The alcoholic extract at a concentration of 10% w/v produced a 95% inhibition (P < 0.05) of adherence of S. mutans to glass and a 56% inhibition (P < 0.05) of adherence to tooth surface. At concentrations of 2% w/v the aqueous and alcoholic extracts significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) glucan-induced aggregation of S. mutans and the in-vitro salivary glycolytic reaction for up to 5 h. Bactericidal effects on S. mutans were also evident. At a concentration of 10% w/v, the zone of inhibition observed with the aqueous extract was 12 ± 0.01 mm and that observed with the alcoholic extract was 12.6 ± 0.02 mm. As the in-vitro studies had shown that both the aqueous and the alcoholic extract of J. regia, at concentrations of 10% w/v, could inhibit the growth as well as the acid-producing ability of S. mutans, they were tested at the same concentration for their activity in-vivo. Three subjects were employed. Parameters monitored were salivary bacterial count and salivary glycolysis. Mouth-rinsing with the aqueous but not the alcoholic extract significantly reduced total streptococcal counts in the salivary samples obtained up to, and including, 3 h after rinsing, compared with the counts obtained pre-rinsing or after placebo rinsing. Mouth-rinsing with the aqueous extract produced a 65%, 27% and 78% reduction (P < 0.05) in the streptococcal count in the salivary samples obtained 10 min, 1 h and 3 h after rinsing, respectively. Both the aqueous and the alcoholic extract also inhibited the glycolytic reaction by the salivary bacteria for up to 90 min post-rinsing. This study provides evidence to justify the use of J. regia sticks as an aid to maintain oral hygiene. [source] Piperidone derivative from Dalbergia sympatheticaMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2005N. Shanmugam Nagarajan Abstract An alcoholic extract of Dalbergia sympathetica, on column chromatography, yielded a compound which analyzed for C6H11NO3 (M+ 145). The IR spectrum of the compound showed the presence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. PMR, 13C and DEPT NMR spectral studies of the compound showed the presence of one N -methyl, two methine and two methylene groups. A quaternary carbon signal at , 172.88 ppm was assigned to C-2 carbonyl of the compound. From all the above observations and also from the HMQC 2D NMR spectrum, the compound was identified as 3, 6-dihydroxy- N -methyl-2-piperidone. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of this compound from plant sources. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Effect of the alcoholic extract of Ashwagandha leaves and its components on proliferation, migration, and differentiation of glioblastoma cells: Combinational approach for enhanced differentiationCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 9 2009Navjot Shah Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is widely used in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda. Although it is claimed to have a large variety of health-promoting effects, including therapeutic effects on stress and disease, the mechanisms of action have not yet been determined. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the growth inhibition and differentiation potential of the alcoholic extract of Ashwagandha leaves (i-Extract), its different constituents (Withaferin A, Withanone, Withanolide A) and their combinations on glioma (C6 and YKG1) cell lines. Withaferin A, Withanone, Withanolide A and i-Extract markedly inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner and changed their morphology toward the astrocytic type. Molecular analysis revealed that the i-Extract and some of its components caused enhanced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, change in the immunostaining pattern of mortalin from perinuclear to pancytoplasmic, delay in cell migration, and increased expression of neuronal cell adhesion molecules. The data suggest that the i-Extract and its components have the potential to induce senescence-like growth arrest and differentiation in glioma cells. These assays led us to formulate a unique combination formula of i-Extract components that caused enhanced differentiation of glial cells. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1740,1747) [source] Extract of Juglandaceae regia Inhibits Growth, In-vitro Adherence, Acid Production and Aggregation of Streptococcus mutansJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2000A. G. JAGTAP Aqueous and alcoholic extracts from Juglandaceae regia, used as chewing sticks to maintain oral hygiene, were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth and some physiological functions of Streptococcus mutans. Both the aqueous and the alcoholic extract strongly inhibited the growth, in-vitro adherence, acid production and glucan-induced aggregation of S. mutans. At a concentration of 8% w/v, the aqueous extract produced a 95% inhibition (P < 0.05) of adherence of S. mutans to glass and a 40% inhibition (P < 0.05) of adherence to tooth surface. The alcoholic extract at a concentration of 10% w/v produced a 95% inhibition (P < 0.05) of adherence of S. mutans to glass and a 56% inhibition (P < 0.05) of adherence to tooth surface. At concentrations of 2% w/v the aqueous and alcoholic extracts significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) glucan-induced aggregation of S. mutans and the in-vitro salivary glycolytic reaction for up to 5 h. Bactericidal effects on S. mutans were also evident. At a concentration of 10% w/v, the zone of inhibition observed with the aqueous extract was 12 ± 0.01 mm and that observed with the alcoholic extract was 12.6 ± 0.02 mm. As the in-vitro studies had shown that both the aqueous and the alcoholic extract of J. regia, at concentrations of 10% w/v, could inhibit the growth as well as the acid-producing ability of S. mutans, they were tested at the same concentration for their activity in-vivo. Three subjects were employed. Parameters monitored were salivary bacterial count and salivary glycolysis. Mouth-rinsing with the aqueous but not the alcoholic extract significantly reduced total streptococcal counts in the salivary samples obtained up to, and including, 3 h after rinsing, compared with the counts obtained pre-rinsing or after placebo rinsing. Mouth-rinsing with the aqueous extract produced a 65%, 27% and 78% reduction (P < 0.05) in the streptococcal count in the salivary samples obtained 10 min, 1 h and 3 h after rinsing, respectively. Both the aqueous and the alcoholic extract also inhibited the glycolytic reaction by the salivary bacteria for up to 90 min post-rinsing. This study provides evidence to justify the use of J. regia sticks as an aid to maintain oral hygiene. [source] | ||||||||||