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Alcoholic Drinks (alcoholic + drink)
Selected AbstractsEffects of Implementation Intentions Linking Suppression of Alcohol Consumption to Socializing Goals on Alcohol-Related DecisionsJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2010Nikos L. D. Chatzisarantis This article investigates the effects of implementation intentions that connect the suppression of alcohol consumption to socializing goals on the decision to accept an offer of a free alcoholic drink. Participants were university students (N = 48) who were randomly assigned to an implementation intention condition or a control condition. The results show that participants who formed implementation intentions were less likely to accept the offer of a free alcoholic drink than were participants who did not form implementation intentions. In addition, the results demonstrate that the implementation intention effect held among habitual alcohol drinkers. The results of the present study suggest that implementation exercises can successfully suppress habitual alcohol consumption. [source] Pre-teenage Children's Experiences with AlcoholCHILDREN & SOCIETY, Issue 1 2008James McIntosh This article reports on the drinking experiences and motivations of 77 pre-teenage children. The main reason which the children gave for occasional or regular drinking was the pleasure which they derived both from the effects of the alcohol and from the social interaction which accompanied the activity. Several of the children claimed that they were partly motivated by boredom. Peer influence appeared to play a minor role as far as the recurrent consumption of alcohol was concerned. A number of causes for concern are identified in the article. These include the frequency of the children's drinking and the volume of alcohol consumed by some of them; their tendency to combine different types of alcoholic drink in the same session; the unreliability of measures undertaken by the children to reduce risk and ensure their safety and the ease with which alcohol could be obtained. These findings emphasise the need for drug education programmes to alert children to the dangers of alcohol consumption and equip them with the skills to deal effectively with peer pressure. There is also a pressing need to improve the leisure facilities available for young people as alternatives to drinking and other problem behaviour. © 2007 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2007 National Children's Bureau. [source] Genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiaENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS, Issue 2 2004Renata Canalle Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of pediatric cancer. Although exposure to environmental agents appears to predispose individuals to this disease, little attention has been paid to the role of genetic susceptibility to environmental exposures in the etiology of childhood ALL. The enzymes GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, and CYP2E1 are involved in the bioactivation and detoxification of a variety of xenobiotics present in food, organic solvents, tobacco smoke, drugs, alcoholic drinks, pesticides, and environmental pollutants. Polymorphisms in the genes coding for these enzymes have been associated with increased susceptibility to different cancers, including hematologic malignancies. To investigate whether these polymorphisms represent risk-modifying factors for childhood ALL, a study was conducted involving 113 Brazilian patients of childhood ALL and 221 controls with similar ethnic backgrounds. The data revealed that carriers of the rare GSTP1 Val allele were at higher risk of ALL (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1,6.8; P = 0.04). No difference was found in the prevalence of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes between ALL patients and the controls, and no association was found between CYP1A1*2 and CYP2E1*3 variants and ALL. However, when the mutant CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 alleles were considered together with the GSTM1 and GSTP1 risk-elevating genotypes, the risk of ALL was increased further (OR = 10.3; 95% CI = 1.0,111.8; P = 0.05), suggesting a combined effect. These results imply that genetic variants of xenobiotic metabolizing genes influence the risk of developing childhood ALL. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 43:100,109, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Perceptions of Elderly Self-Neglect: A Look at Culture and CohortFAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007Sylvia Marie San Filippo Abuse and neglect are issues of concern that face the elderly population. This study investigated differences in perception of self-neglect behaviors among four cohort and four cultural groups. Data were collected from students, staff, and faculty at a large state university, attendees at multiple senior centers, and people attending cultural fairs in Southern California. Using this convenience sample of 494 participants, age 18 years or older, researchers identified factors influencing self-neglect perceptions in the culture and cohort models. Significant variables identified in both models are: having a daily caloric intake of fewer than 1,000 calories, avoiding friends and social events, drinking three to four alcoholic drinks at social occasions, and working part-time. It is important for professionals working with self-neglecting elders to understand differences in perception by culture and cohort. Agreement on a definition of self-neglect is a step toward better addressing self-neglect in the elderly community. [source] An analysis of the concept of cool and its marketing implicationsJOURNAL OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, Issue 4 2002Professor Clive Nancarrow Abstract Cool has become the favoured language of popular culture. This paper examines the roots of cool and its evolution with reference to its relevance to marketers. In particular, the work of Bourdieu and the concepts of cultural capital and cultural intermediaries are drawn on. The importance of talking to cultural intermediaries led Seagram to carry out a research programme that examines the process of adoption of alcoholic drinks and ways of reaching ,style leaders'. Given the problem of recruiting and researching ,style leaders', the research employed specialist recruiters and moderators and a combination of direct and indirect questioning. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications. [source] Influence of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on the Pharmacokinetics of Alcohol in HumansALCOHOLISM, Issue 5 2010In-hwan Baek Background:, Ethanol oxidation by the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system requires oxygen for alcohol metabolism, and a higher oxygen uptake increases the rate of ethanol oxidation. We investigated the effect of dissolved oxygen on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol in healthy humans (n = 49). The concentrations of dissolved oxygen were 8, 20, and 25 ppm in alcoholic drinks of 240 and 360 ml (19.5% v/v). Methods:, Blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were determined by converting breath alcohol concentrations. Breath samples were collected every 30 min when the BAC was higher than 0.015%, 20 min at BAC ,0.015%, 10 min at BAC ,0.010%, and 5 min at BAC ,0.006%. Results:, The high dissolved oxygen groups (20, 25 ppm) descended to 0.000% and 0.050% BAC faster than the normal dissolved oxygen groups (8 ppm; p < 0.05). In analyzing pharmacokinetic parameters, AUCinf and Kel of the high oxygen groups were lower than in the normal oxygen group, while Cmax and Tmax were not significantly affected. In a Monte Carlo simulation, the lognormal distribution of mean values of AUCinf and t1/2 was expected to be reduced in the high oxygen group compared to the normal oxygen group. Conclusions:, In conclusion, elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations in alcoholic drinks accelerate the metabolism and elimination of alcohol. Thus, enhanced dissolved oxygen concentrations in alcohol may have a role to play in reducing alcohol-related side effects and accidents. [source] Intake of Energy Drinks in Association With Alcoholic Beverages in a Cohort of Students of the School of Medicine of the University of MessinaALCOHOLISM, Issue 10 2007Alessandro Oteri Background:, Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and , -complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. Methods:, With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. Results:, A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. Conclusions:, Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence. [source] Hydration and health: a reviewNUTRITION BULLETIN, Issue 1 2010B. Benelam Summary Water is essential for life and maintaining optimal levels of hydration is important for humans to function well. Water makes up a large proportion of our body weight (60% on average), distributed between the intracellular (inside cells) and extracellular (water in the blood and in between cells) compartments. Water is the major component of body fluids, such as blood, synovial fluid (fluid in the joints), saliva and urine, which perform vital functions in the body. The concentration of solutes (osmolality) in body fluids is closely controlled, and even very small changes in osmolality trigger a physiological response; either to increase body water by reducing urinary output and stimulating thirst; or to excrete excess water as urine. Generally, body water is maintained within narrow limits. However, if water losses are not sufficiently replaced, dehydration occurs. Extreme dehydration is very serious and can be fatal. More mild dehydration (about 2% loss of body weight) can result in headaches, fatigue and reduced physical and mental performance. It is also possible to consume too much water and in rare cases this can result in hyponatraemia (low levels of sodium in the blood). We can get water from almost all drinks and from some foods in the diet. Food provides about 20% on average and this could vary widely depending on the types of food chosen. We also get water from all the drinks we consume, with the exception of stronger alcoholic drinks like wines and spirits. All these can contribute to dietary water, but also have other effects on health both positive and negative. The major concerns with regards to beverages are their energy content and their effect on dental health. With obesity levels continuing to increase it is important for many in the population to control their energy intake, and drinks as well as foods must be considered for their energy content. With regards to dental health, there are two concerns; dental caries and dental erosion. Dental caries are caused by a reduction in pH due to bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, and so the frequency of consumption of drinks containing sugars is a concern for risk of caries. Dental erosion occurs at a lower pH and is caused by the consumption of acidic foods and drinks, in particular, citrus juices and soft drinks containing acids. Individual water needs vary widely depending on many factors including body size and composition, the environment and levels of physical activity. Thus it is very difficult to make generic recommendations about the amount of water to consume. The FSA currently recommends drinking about 1.2 litres per day (about 6,8 glasses). [source] Mothers' maximum drinks ever consumed in 24 hours predicts mental health problems in adolescent offspringTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 9 2010Stephen M. Malone Background:, The maximum number of alcoholic drinks consumed in a single 24-hr period is an alcoholism-related phenotype with both face and empirical validity. It has been associated with severity of withdrawal symptoms and sensitivity to alcohol, genes implicated in alcohol metabolism, and amplitude of a measure of brain activity associated with externalizing disorders in general. In a previous study we found that the maximum number of drinks fathers had ever consumed in 24 hrs was associated with externalizing behaviors and disorders in preadolescent and adolescent children. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether maternal maximum consumption has similar correlates. Method:, We examined associations between maternal maximum consumption and alcohol dependence, respectively, and disruptive disorders and substance-related problems in two large independent population-based cohorts of 17-year-old adolescents. Results:, Maximum consumption was associated with conduct disorder, disruptive disorders in general, early substance use and misuse, and substance disorders in adolescent children regardless of sex. Associations were consistent across cohorts, providing internal replication. They also paralleled our previous findings regarding paternal status. They could not be explained by maternal alcohol dependence, effects of drinking during pregnancy, or paternal maximum consumption. They were not simple artifacts of the fact that maximum consumption is a continuous measure while alcohol dependence is dichotomous. Conclusions:, Despite deriving from a single question about lifetime behavior, parental maximum consumption appears to reflect vulnerability for mental health problems, especially substance-related ones, more directly than a diagnosis of alcohol dependence. [source] Diet, anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk: a review of prospective cohort and intervention studiesBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2004P.C. Dagnelie ABSTRACT We reviewed 37 prospective cohort and four intervention studies on potential dietary risk factors for prostate cancer, published between 1966 and September 2003. Some studies were limited by small size, crude measurement of dietary exposure and limited control for confounders. Intervention and prospective cohort studies support a protective role against prostate cancer for selenium, and possibly for vitamin E, pulses and tomatoes/lycopene. Overall consumption of meat, eggs, vegetables, fruit, coffee, tea, carotenoids and vitamins A, C and D was not consistently related to prostate cancer risk. Intervention studies also indicate that supplementation with ,-carotene does not lower prostate cancer risk, except possibly in men with low ,-carotene status at baseline. For specific types of meat, alcoholic drinks, dairy products, fat and anthropometric measures, most cohort studies suggest either an increased risk or no relation with prostate cancer. For calcium, two cohort studies suggest an increased risk at very high calcium intakes (>2000 mg/day). In conclusion, prospective studies are consistent with a protective role for selenium, and possibly vitamin E, pulses and tomatoes/lycopene, in the aetiology of prostate cancer. Studies are inconclusive on the role of meat, dairy products, fat, vegetables, fruits, alcohol and anthropometric measures, whereas a very high calcium intake appears to be positively associated with prostate cancer risk. [source] Allergic and asthmatic reactions to alcoholic drinks: a significant problem in the communityCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 1 2008H. Vally No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||||||||