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Financial Responsibility (financial + responsibility)
Selected AbstractsLocal Response to the Global Challenge: Comparing Local Economic Development Policies in a Regional ContextJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2000Joanne Wolfson This article reports on a study that examined and compared the responses of six Greater Toronto Area (GTA) municipalities (two central, four suburban) to the challenges of global economic change. The study was carried out in a context characterized by the transfer to municipal governments of both administrative and financial responsibilities for local services by the government of the Province of Ontario. It found a strong tendency for the municipalities to compete with each other for economic advantage, despite efforts to convince them of the need for a cooperative region-wide approach. Suburban governments relied principally on strategies to draw businesses away from the core, and this type of activity seemed likely to increase because of the municipalities' increased dependence on local property taxes. Nonetheless, study findings suggested several ways in which regional organizations or senior governments might help to strengthen regional economies without expecting municipal governments to surrender control over economic development policy. [source] Work, Family, and Individual Factors Associated with Mothers Attaining Their Preferred Work SituationsFAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008Jenet JacobArticle first published online: 2 JUL 200 This study explores work, family, and individual factors associated with mothers attaining their preferred work situations, including full-time, part-time, work from home, and no paid work. Data are taken from a sub-sample of 1,777 mothers from a nationally representative sample contacted by random-digit dialing phone interviews by the University of Connecticut Center for Survey Research and Analysis and the Motherhood Study. Actual work situation, household income, spouse or partner's work situation, perception of family financial responsibility, race, and religion are associated with attaining preferred work situations using logistic regression, ANOVA, and chi-square analyses. Thirty-six percent of mothers who are in their preferred work situations have experienced fewer negative emotions and more positive emotions, suggesting implications for individual and family well-being and work,family policies. [source] Child Support Obligations and Low-Income FathersJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 5 2005Chien-Chung Huang Using the 1994,1998 waves of the Current Population Survey,Child Support Supplement (N =5,387), the aims of this study are to document child support obligation rates of nonresident fathers, to examine the effect of the obligation rate on child support compliance, and to calculate the trade-off between fathers' financial responsibility and children's well-being, paying particular attention to low-income fathers. The results indicate that low-income fathers have high child support obligation rates, which significantly reduce their child support compliance. Although lowering the obligation rate for these fathers may improve their compliance, it does not fully offset the lowered obligation amounts and leads to a 30% net payment loss for welfare mothers and a 43% loss for nonwelfare mothers. Policy implications are discussed. [source] Quantifying Dementia Care in Japan: A Discussion on the Long-Term Care InsurancePSYCHOGERIATRICS, Issue 2 2001Shivani Nandi PhD Abstract: The Japanese government mandated the kaigohoken, or Long Term Care Insurance (LTCI) in December 1997. In view of the pressures faced by Japan as an aged society, the aim of the LTCI is to alleviate the burden of providing care for frail older people by ensuring good quality and readily available services to everyone over 65. The LTCI is thus a high profile, age-based entitlement program,age based for persons 65 years of age and above, and age related disability based for ages 40 to 64. Individuals 40 years and above, including foreigners living in Japan for more than a year, are responsible in bearing a part of the financial responsibility by having to pay the mandatory premium. The benefits that the insured person receives are decided after evaluating the care requirement. Care is quantified by being categorized into six levels of increasing requirement, starting from support required, through five levels of increasing care. As is well known, caring for a person with dementia is further complicated by accompanying psychiatric disturbances which in turn increase caregiver burden. Thus the fundamental difficulty in dealing with the care of persons with dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common form of dementia, is the evaluation procedure preceding entitlement. We find that the statistical program of the LTCI employed in the initial stage of the evaluation contains discrepancies, and tends to overemphasize bed ridden patients over people with dementia. This paper is a study of the status of people with dementia in Japan, the mechanism of the assessment method, and the problems associated with it. [source] | ||||||||||