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Filling Materials (filling + material)
Kinds of Filling Materials Selected AbstractsA Short-Term Bioresorbable Bone Filling Material Based on Hydroxyapatite, Chitosan, and Oxidized Starch Tested in a Novel Orthotopic Metaphyseal Mouse Model,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 8 2009Elias Volkmer Despite significant advances in orthopedic surgery, no perfect bioresorbable bone-filling material has yet been clinically established. A new candidate material based on hydroxyapatite, chitosan and oxidised starch, which has the potential to covalently bind to bone in a watery milieu was tested in a new murine model. A special focus lies on the in vivo biocompatibility and bioresorbability of the new material. [source] The prognosis and expected outcome of apical surgeryENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2005SHIMON FRIEDMAN Clinicians should possess current knowledge about the prognosis and expected outcome of endodontic treatment, including apical surgery. This knowledge cannot be acquired by indiscriminate review of the many available studies because they vary in the level of evidence they provide. Therefore, seven studies that best comply with methodology criteria defining the levels of evidence were selected and used as the basis of this review. In spite of their methodological consistency, the outcomes reported in these studies still differ considerably, mainly because of differences in inclusion criteria. According to these studies, 37,91% of teeth can be expected to be healed, while up to 33% can still be healing several years after surgery. Importantly, 80,94% of teeth can remain in symptom-free function, even if they are not healed. Several pre-operative factors may influence the outcome of treatment; the outcome may be better in teeth with small lesions and excessively short or long root canal fillings, and it may be poorer in teeth treated surgically for the second time. With regard to intra-operative factors, the choice of the root-end filling material and the quality of the root-end filling may influence the outcome, while the retrograde retreatment procedure clearly offers a better outcome than the standard root-end filling. In summary, the expected outcome of apical surgery is good and therefore, before considering tooth extraction and replacement, apical surgery should be attempted when it is feasible. [source] Effectiveness of HERO 642 versus Hedström files for removing gutta-percha fillings in curved root canals: an ex vivo studyINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 11 2009B. Ayd Abstract Aim, To compare the effectiveness of gutta-percha removal and the maintenance of canal anatomy when using the HERO 642 system or Hedström files (H-files) in mandibular molar teeth. Methodology, The root canals of 40 mandibular molar teeth were instrumented using H-files and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. After 1 year in storage, the roots were sectioned horizontally to provide apical, middle and coronal root thirds. Sections were photographed, and an individual muffle was produced for each tooth. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and the gutta-percha removed using either the HERO 642 system or H-files, with or without solvent. Digital images of the root canals were then re-taken. Root thirds were inspected for lateral perforations, and the percentage of the residual canal filling was determined on postoperative images. Transportation and centring ratio were calculated using preoperative and postoperative images of the cross-sections of root thirds. Results, H-files groups were associated with less filling material than the HERO 642 system (H-files,HERO 642 P = 0.056, H-files,HERO 642+solvent P = 0.041, H-files + solvent,HERO 642 P = 0.018, H-files + solvent,HERO 642 + solvent P = 0.016). The percentage of residual filling material was similar in the apical thirds, and the contribution of solvent to canal debridement was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Perforation occurred mesiobuccally in 48% of specimens in the apical sections of mesial roots. There were no significant differences for centring ratio, transportation and perforation rate between groups. Conclusions, H-files left less gutta-percha overall; however, there was no difference in the apical third. The effect of solvent was not remarkable. Both instrument systems created a large number of perforations. [source] Analysis of the gutta-percha filled area in C-shaped mandibular molars obturated with a modified MicroSeal techniqueINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009R. Ordinola-Zapata Abstract Aim, To analyse the gutta-percha filled area of C-shaped molar teeth root filled with the modified MicroSeal technique with reference to the radiographic features and the C-shaped canal configuration. Methodology, Twenty-three mandibular second molar teeth with C-shaped roots were classified according to their radiographic features as: type I , merging, type II , symmetrical and type III , asymmetrical. The canals were root filled using a modified technique of the MicroSeal system. Horizontal sections at intervals of 600 ,m were made 1 mm from the apex to the subpulpal floor level. The percentage of gutta-percha area from the apical, middle and coronal levels of the radiographic types was analysed using the Kruskal,Wallis test. Complementary analysis of the C-shaped canal configurations (C1, C2 and C3) determined from cross-sections from the apical third was performed in a similar way. Results, No significant differences were found between the radiographic types in terms of the percentage of gutta-percha area at any level (P > 0.05): apical third, type I: 77.04%, II: 70.48% and III: 77.13%, middle third, type I: 95.72%, II: 93.17%, III: 91.13% and coronal level, type I: 98.30%, II: 98.25%, III: 97.14%. Overall, the percentage of the filling material was lower in the apical third (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the C-shaped canal configurations apically; C1: 72.64%, C2: 79.62%, C3: 73.51% (P > 0.05). Conclusions, The percentage of area filled with gutta-percha was similar in the three radiographic types and canal configuration categories of C-shaped molars. These results show the difficulty of achieving predictable filling of the root canal system when this anatomical variation exists. In general, the apical third was less completely filled. [source] Histopathological profile of surgically removed persistent periapical radiolucent lesions of endodontic originINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009R. M. Love Abstract Aim, To determine the types of periapical lesions associated with root filled teeth with persistent periapical pathosis that required surgical treatment based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodology, Periapical lesions from a consecutive clinical sample of 100 patients were examined histopathologically to determine a definitive diagnosis. Results, Females were more represented (n = 56), the average age was 46.5 years and there were no age differences between gender or lesion type. A diagnosis of periapical granuloma was the most common finding with a similar number present in females (n = 40) and males (n = 37). A cyst was present in 18% of the cases with a majority of females (n = 12) represented in the sample. Evidence of foreign material, with an appearance consistent with endodontic sealer materials, was seen in 25 periapical granulomas, two cysts and one scar. Two periapical scars were seen, one had a history of apicectomy and amalgam root-end filling while the other was associated with extruded root filling material. Conclusions, By using defined clinical inclusion and exclusion criteria a predictable clinical diagnosis of a persistent periapical lesion due to endodontic origin can be reliably made. Periapical granulomas and cysts were the most common periapical lesions of endodontic origin associated with persistent periapical pathosis with the overall incidence of periapical cysts similar to previous studies. The presence of endodontic material in a high proportion of periapical lesions suggests a cause-effect association with the inference that clinicians should employ canal preparation techniques that limit apical extrusion of material. [source] Comparison of operative procedure variables on pulpal viability in an ex vivo modelINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 5 2008P. E. Murray Abstract Aim, To measure and compare the responses of pulp tissue to cavity preparation and restoration variables using a novel tooth slice culture model. Methodology, Experimental cavities (265) were continuously cut, under carefully controlled conditions, into the dentine of the labial aspect of 28-day-old Wistar rat incisors, and slices of these teeth maintained in organ culture for up to 2 weeks. The experimental variables examined were: the preparation method, remaining dentine thickness, coolant, drill speed, conditioning with EDTA and filling materials. The reactions of the dentine,pulp complex to the experimental variables were measured using pathohistometric analysis and the correlations between variables were determined using analysis of variance statistical tests. Results, In rank order of surgically induced restorative pulpal injury, from the most to the least injurious were: remaining dentine thickness, absence of coolant during cavity preparation, bur speed, cavity conditioning treatments and the filling material. Conclusions, To reduce pulp injury and to promote pulpal repair activity, the correct use of appropriate materials are important. However, of relatively greater importance is the operative technique adopted, the need to avoid the excess removal of dentine and to minimize trauma during preparation. [source] Efficacy of three rotary NiTi instruments in removing gutta-percha from root canalsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008T. Ta, demir Abstract Aim, To investigate the ability of three rotary nickel,titanium instruments and hand instrumentation to remove gutta-percha and sealer. Methodology, Sixty freshly extracted human single-rooted teeth, each with one root canal, were instrumented with K-files and filled using cold lateral compaction of gutta-percha and AH Plus (Dentsply Detrey, Konstanz, Germany) sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 specimens each. Removal of gutta-percha was performed with the following devices and techniques: ProTaper, R-Endo, Mtwo and Hedström files. The specimens were rendered transparent and the area of remaining filling material on the root canal wall was measured using a computer image analysis program. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal,Wallis and Mann,Whitney U -tests with Bonferroni correction for the analysis of residual root filling material and working time. Results, The ProTaper group had less filling material inside the root canals than the other groups, but a significant difference was found between only the ProTaper and Mtwo groups (P < 0.05). The retreatment time for Mtwo and ProTaper was significantly shorter compared with R-Endo and manual instrumentation with Hedström files (P < 0.001). R-Endo was significantly faster than manual instrumentation (P < 0.001). Conclusions, Under the experimental conditions, ProTaper left significantly less gutta-percha and sealer than Mtwo instruments. Complete removal of materials did not occur with any of the instrument systems investigated. [source] Histological evaluation of MTA as a root-end filling materialINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 10 2007P. F. E. Bernabé Abstract Aim, To assess the histological response associated with grey mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) as root-end filling materials in teeth where the root canals were not filled and the coronal access cavities were not restored. Methodology, Periapical lesions were developed in 24 premolar teeth in three dogs. The root canals were prepared and half of them were dried, filled and the coronal access restored (closed). The remaining teeth were not root filled and no coronal restoration was placed (open). Apical root-end resections were performed 3 mm from the apex, and root-end cavities were prepared with ultrasonic tips. These were randomly filled with either ZOE or GMTA in the same number of specimens using MAPSYSTEM device. After 180 days the animals were killed and blocks of tissues removed and processed for histological examination. Periradicular tissue reaction was evaluated, including severity of inflammation and cementum formation. Statistical analysis was performed using anova analysis and Tukey's test. Results, A significant difference was found between the levels of inflammation in the periradicular tissues of the GMTA/closed group, compared with the ZOE/open and ZOE/closed groups (P < 0.05) but not between GMTA/closed and GMTA/open groups. Cementum formation was not found over any ZOE specimens but over MTA in all specimens. No microorganisms were found in the interface between the material and the dentinal walls. Conclusions, GMTA was associated with less periapical inflammation and tissue response when used as a root-end filling material, even when no root filling or coronal restoration was present. [source] Effectiveness of different techniques for removing gutta-percha during retreatmentINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2005A. V. Masiero Abstract Aim, To evaluate the effectiveness of various techniques for removing filling material from root canals in vitro. Methodology, Eighty extracted mandibular premolar teeth were selected for the study. The teeth were root filled using thermomechanical compaction of gutta-percha. After 8 months, the filling material was removed and canals were reinstrumented using the following techniques: group I , hand instrumentation with K-type files (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA); group II , K3 Endo System (SybronEndo); group III , M4 system (SybronEndo) with K-type files (SybronEndo); and group IV , Endo-gripper system (Moyco Union Broach, York, PA, USA) with K-type files (SybronEndo). The amount of filling debris remaining on root canal walls was assessed radiographically; the images were digitized and analysed using AutoCAD 2000 software. Total canal area, area of the cervical, middle and apical thirds, and area of remaining filling material were outlined by one operator. The ratios between these areas were calculated as percentages of remaining debris. Thereafter, data were analysed by means of one-way anova and the post-hoc Duncan test to identify differences between the four techniques. Results, Multiple comparisons of the percentages of remaining filling material in the entire canal did not reveal any significant differences between the methods of removal. However, when each third was analysed separately, significant differences for remaining debris were present between groups. The apical third had the most remaining material, whilst the cervical and middle thirds were significantly cleaner (P = 0.002). Comparison of the techniques revealed that teeth instrumented with K3 rotary instruments had a lower ratio of remaining filling material in the apical third (P = 0.012). Conclusion, In the apical third, K3 rotary instruments were more efficient in removing gutta-percha filling material than the other techniques, which were equally effective for the other thirds. [source] A prospective clinical study of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and IRM when used as root-end filling materials in endodontic surgeryINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 8 2003B. S. Chong Abstract Aim, To assess the success rate of the root-end filling material, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Methodology, Referred adult patients were recruited using strict entry criteria and randomly allocated to receive MTA or IRM. A standardized surgical technique was employed: the root end was resected perpendicularly and a root-end cavity was prepared ultrasonically and filled. A radiograph taken immediately after surgery was compared with those taken at 12 and 24 months. Customised film holders and the paralleling technique were used; radiographs were assessed by two trained observers using agreed criteria. The results from 122 patients (58 in IRM group, 64 in MTA group) after 12 months and 108 patients (47 in IRM group, 61 in MTA group) for the 24-month review period were analysed using the ,2 test. Results, The highest number of teeth with complete healing at both times was observed when MTA was used. When the numbers of teeth with complete and incomplete (scar) healing, and those with uncertain and unsatisfactory healing were combined, the success rate for MTA was higher (84% after 12 months, 92% after 24 months) compared with IRM (76% after 12 months, 87% after 24 months). However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference in success between materials (P > 0.05) at both 12 and 24 months. Conclusions, In this study, the use of MTA as a root-end filling material resulted in a high success rate that was not significantly better than that obtained using IRM. [source] Antibacterial effect of silver-zeolite containing root-canal filling materialJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibacterial effect of two experimental glass ionomer cements (GICs) on Streptococcus milleri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis after 24 and 48 h incubation by using the agar diffusion inhibitory test. Silver zeolite (SZ) was added at 0.2 and 2% mass fraction concentration to GIC (Endion). The control group was Endion with no SZ. Each of them were prepared to uniform size using a custom-made Teflon mold, and the GIC materials were prepared to form disks (n = 5 per group). The effect of these materials on the growth of three bacteria associated with endodontic infections was determined using the agar diffusion inhibitory test. The amounts of silver ion release from these materials were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry at 10 min, 24- and 48-h periods. The pH of samples was measured with a pH-meter at 10 min, 24- and 48-h periods. After the incubation period, the agar plates were evaluated and the degrees of bacterial inhibition were measured in millimeters. A comparison of the mean of the test materials was statistically different in each group of specimens (p < 0.05). Between the two tested materials 2% SZ containing GIC showed the largest zone of inhibition on the agar plates of all the tested strains (p < 0.05). The most inhibition in bacterial growth occurred in E. faecalis. Adding 2% SZ to GIC resulted in a significant increase in the silver release into deionized water. This study demonstrated that GIC had an inhibitory affect on Streptococcus milleri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis and that adding SZ increases that affect proportional to its concentration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009 [source] Evaluation of municipal compost/limestone/iron mixtures as filling material for permeable reactive barriers for in-situ acid mine drainage treatmentJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2003Oriol Gibert Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of municipal compost as a carbon source for sulfate-reducing bacteria for acid mine drainage bioremediation for use in permeable reactive barriers at high flow rates (>0.1 m d,1). Two different mixtures of municipal compost, limestone and zero-valent iron were assessed in two column experiments. The effluent solution was systematically analysed throughout the experiments. At the end of the experiments precipitates from both columns were withdrawn for scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry examination and solid digestion and sequential extraction were carried out. Results showed that the effluent was free of metals and acidity. It seems that metal removal was not due to biogenic sulfide generation but to pH increase, ie metal (oxy)hydroxides precipitation. These precipitates can sorb other metals onto the surface. Sorption to organic matter could also contribute to metal removal. When zero-valent iron was present, cementation of copper also occurred. It can be concluded that municipal compost was a poor carbon source to support continuous bacterial activity under high flow rates. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Immunoexpression of Cbfa-1/Runx2 and VEGF in sinus lift procedures using bone substitutes in rabbitsCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 6 2010Leandro Soeiro De Souza Nunes Abstract Objectives: To analyze and compare the expression of core binding factor-1 (Cbfa-1)/Runx2 and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in sinus lift procedures using bovine hydroxyapatite (HA) and ,-tricalcium phosphate (,-TCP). Material and Methods: Twenty-four male rabbits that had undergone bilateral sinus lift procedures were divided into three groups, according to the sinus filling material: Group 1: autogenous bone graft; Group 2: bovine HA; and Group 3: ,-TCP. All groups were sacrificed after 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, for microscopic, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: Microscopic analysis showed a similar bone repair pattern between the tested groups. New bone formation, soft and medular tissue, remaining material or particulate bone graft area were obtained by histomorphometric analysis. After 14 days, statistically significant differences in new bone formation were found between Group 1 (27.76±7.8) and Groups 2 (14.22±3.2) and 3 (11.1±7.7). After 30 days, statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were detected in bone formation between Groups 1 (31.39±36.5) and 2 (14.13±3.2). The last period showed improved bone formation in Group 2. Also, Group 2 showed higher Cbfa-1/Runx2 immunoexpression when compared with Group 3. No remarkable differences were observed in VEGF immunoexpression among groups. Conclusion: Taken together, both biomaterials allowed bone tissue growth in a conductive pattern and did not interfere with bone remodeling in the late period, with a slight improvement in bone tissue formation when using HA, confirmed by marked expression of Cbfa-1 at initial periods. To cite this article: Nunes LSS, De Oliveira RV, Holgado LA, Nary Filho H, Ribeiro DA, Matsumoto MA. Immunoexpression of Cbfa-1/Runx2 in sinus lift procedures using bone substitutes in rabbits. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 584,590. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01858.x [source] Identification of organic eluates from four polymer-based dental filling materialsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2003Vibeke Barman Michelsen Elution from polymer-based dental filling materials may have a potential impact on the biocompatibility of the materials. Since information from the manufacturers about ingredients in the materials often is incomplete, analyses of eluates from the materials are necessary for a better knowledge about possible harmful compounds. The aim of this study was to identify organic eluates from polymerized samples of two composites, one compomer and one resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement. Samples were immersed in ethanol or Ringer's solution. Organic leachables were analyzed by gas chromatography,mass spectrometry. Identification was confirmed with reference substances, if available. Among components detected were monomers, co-monomers, initiators, stabilizers, decomposition products and contaminants. Thirty-two substances were identified and 17 were confirmed with reference substances. From elution in Ringer's we identified 13 eluates from Tetric Ceram, 10 from Z250, 21 from Dyract and six from Fuji II LC; HEMA, HC and CQ were found in all samples. From elution in ethanol 12 eluates from Tetric Ceram, 18 eluates from Z250, 19 from Dyract and 10 from Fuji II LC were identified. The diversity of eluates from the four materials under study is demonstrated. Owing to variation between the materials, the biocompatibility including the allergenic potential may be different. [source] Commentary by Bun San Chong Chong BS, Pitt Ford TR, Hudson MB (2003) A prospective clinical study of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and IRM when used as root-end filling materials in endodontic surgery.INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009International Endodontic Journal 3 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Comparison of operative procedure variables on pulpal viability in an ex vivo modelINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 5 2008P. E. Murray Abstract Aim, To measure and compare the responses of pulp tissue to cavity preparation and restoration variables using a novel tooth slice culture model. Methodology, Experimental cavities (265) were continuously cut, under carefully controlled conditions, into the dentine of the labial aspect of 28-day-old Wistar rat incisors, and slices of these teeth maintained in organ culture for up to 2 weeks. The experimental variables examined were: the preparation method, remaining dentine thickness, coolant, drill speed, conditioning with EDTA and filling materials. The reactions of the dentine,pulp complex to the experimental variables were measured using pathohistometric analysis and the correlations between variables were determined using analysis of variance statistical tests. Results, In rank order of surgically induced restorative pulpal injury, from the most to the least injurious were: remaining dentine thickness, absence of coolant during cavity preparation, bur speed, cavity conditioning treatments and the filling material. Conclusions, To reduce pulp injury and to promote pulpal repair activity, the correct use of appropriate materials are important. However, of relatively greater importance is the operative technique adopted, the need to avoid the excess removal of dentine and to minimize trauma during preparation. [source] Histological evaluation of MTA as a root-end filling materialINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 10 2007P. F. E. Bernabé Abstract Aim, To assess the histological response associated with grey mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) as root-end filling materials in teeth where the root canals were not filled and the coronal access cavities were not restored. Methodology, Periapical lesions were developed in 24 premolar teeth in three dogs. The root canals were prepared and half of them were dried, filled and the coronal access restored (closed). The remaining teeth were not root filled and no coronal restoration was placed (open). Apical root-end resections were performed 3 mm from the apex, and root-end cavities were prepared with ultrasonic tips. These were randomly filled with either ZOE or GMTA in the same number of specimens using MAPSYSTEM device. After 180 days the animals were killed and blocks of tissues removed and processed for histological examination. Periradicular tissue reaction was evaluated, including severity of inflammation and cementum formation. Statistical analysis was performed using anova analysis and Tukey's test. Results, A significant difference was found between the levels of inflammation in the periradicular tissues of the GMTA/closed group, compared with the ZOE/open and ZOE/closed groups (P < 0.05) but not between GMTA/closed and GMTA/open groups. Cementum formation was not found over any ZOE specimens but over MTA in all specimens. No microorganisms were found in the interface between the material and the dentinal walls. Conclusions, GMTA was associated with less periapical inflammation and tissue response when used as a root-end filling material, even when no root filling or coronal restoration was present. [source] Ex vivo microscopic assessment of factors affecting the quality of apical seal created by root-end fillingsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 8 2007S. I. Tobón-Arroyave Abstract Aim, (i) To evaluate the incidence of microcracks around root-end preparations completed with ultrasonic tips and their relationship with the root filling technique and thickness of surrounding dentine. (ii) To investigate the effect of rapid exposure to a water-soluble dye of Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), Super Ethoxybenzoic Acid (sEBA) and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), on the marginal adaptation and microleakage of root-end fillings. (iii) To describe the microstructure of the surface of root-end filling materials. Methodology, Ninety-two single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups (n = 46) according to the root canal instrumentation/filling techniques. Group 1 consisted of specimens in which canal preparation was completed using a crown-down technique and then filled with the Thermafil system (TF group); Group 2 consisted of specimens in which canal preparation was completed using a step-back technique and lateral condensation (LC group). Following root-end resection and ultrasonic cavity preparation, the samples were further divided into three subgroups (n = 24) for root-end filling with IRM, sEBA or MTA. The ultrasonic preparation time was recorded. Eight teeth were kept as positive and 12 as negative controls. Following immersion in Indian ink for 7 days, all resected root surfaces were evaluated for the presence of microcracks and the cross-sectional area of root-end surface and root-end filling were measured to evaluate the thickness of the dentinal walls. Thereafter, the samples were sectioned longitudinally so as to assess the depth of dye penetration and marginal adaptation of root-end fillings. Negative controls longitudinally sectioned were used to describe microstructural characteristics of the root-end filling materials using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. Results, Although the thickness of dentinal walls between groups 1 and 2 was similar, the ultrasonic preparation time and number of microcracks were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the TF group. Both groups had a significant correlation between microcracks and ultrasonic preparation time (P < 0.001). sEBA and IRM had better adaptation and less leakage compared with MTA. A SEM analysis displayed microstructural differences between the root-end filling materials. Conclusion, Microcracks can occur independently of the thickness of dentinal walls and may be associated with the prolonged ultrasonic preparation time required for the removal of the root filling during root-end cavity preparation. Although sEBA and IRM had better behaviour than MTA regarding microleakage and marginal adaptation, it is possible that exposure of MTA to a water-soluble dye before achieving full set and its porous microstructure contributed to the results. [source] Radiopacity of root filling materials using digital radiographyINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 7 2007J. R. Carvalho-Junior Abstract Aim, To evaluate radiopacity of root filling materials using digital radiography. Methodology, The sealers tested were AH PlusTM, Endofill®, EndoREZTM and EpiphanyTM. Gutta-percha (Dentsply Maillefer) and ResilonTM cones were also tested. Acrylic plates, containing six wells, measuring 1 mm in depth and 5 mm in diameter, were prepared for the test, and filled with the materials. The test samples were radiographed together with an aluminium stepwedge calibrated in millimetres, according to ANSI/ADA Specification 57. For the radiographic exposures, digital imaging plates and an X-ray machine at 70 kVp and 8 mA were used. The object-to-focus distance was 30 cm, and the exposure time, 0.2 s. After the laser optic reading process, the software determined the radiopacity of the standardized areas, using grey-scale values, calculating the average radiographic density for each material. Results, The decreasing values of radiopacity of the studied materials, expressed in millimetres of aluminium equivalent, were: ResilonTM (13.0), AH PlusTM (11.2), gutta-percha (9.8), EpiphanyTM (8.0), Endofill® (6.9) and EndoREZTM (6.6). Conclusion, All materials had radiopacity values above 3 mm of aluminium recommended by ANSI/ADA Specification 57. [source] Percentage of filled canal area in mandibular molars after conventional root-canal instrumentation and after a noninstrumentation technique (NIT)INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 9 2003C. N. Ardila Abstract Aim, To compare the percentage of filled canal area in mandibular molar roots after using conventional root-canal hand instrumentation or after a noninstrumentation technique (NIT). Methodology, Forty mandibular molars were used shortly after extraction. The root canals of 20 molars in the manual group were conventionally prepared using hand instruments and then filled with warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha. The 20 teeth in the second group were cleaned and obturated by NIT. In each case, the entire molar, including the crown and the roots, was embedded in an acrylic resin cylinder before NIT. Horizontal sections were cut at 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm from the apex. Images of the sections were taken using a microscope at ×40 magnification and a digital camera; the images were scanned as Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) images into a PC. The cross-sectional area of the canal with the filling materials was measured using an image analysis programme. The percentage of filled area was calculated. The difference in the percentage of filled canal area between the two groups was analysed using a Student's t -test. Results, At all levels, 93,100% of the canal area was filled in both groups. No significant difference was found between the manual technique and the NIT technique at any level (P > 0.05). Conclusions, Within the limitations of this study, following the cleaning and filling of root canals using NIT, the percentage of filled root canal was similar to that using warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha after conventional root-canal instrumentation. [source] A prospective clinical study of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and IRM when used as root-end filling materials in endodontic surgeryINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 8 2003B. S. Chong Abstract Aim, To assess the success rate of the root-end filling material, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Methodology, Referred adult patients were recruited using strict entry criteria and randomly allocated to receive MTA or IRM. A standardized surgical technique was employed: the root end was resected perpendicularly and a root-end cavity was prepared ultrasonically and filled. A radiograph taken immediately after surgery was compared with those taken at 12 and 24 months. Customised film holders and the paralleling technique were used; radiographs were assessed by two trained observers using agreed criteria. The results from 122 patients (58 in IRM group, 64 in MTA group) after 12 months and 108 patients (47 in IRM group, 61 in MTA group) for the 24-month review period were analysed using the ,2 test. Results, The highest number of teeth with complete healing at both times was observed when MTA was used. When the numbers of teeth with complete and incomplete (scar) healing, and those with uncertain and unsatisfactory healing were combined, the success rate for MTA was higher (84% after 12 months, 92% after 24 months) compared with IRM (76% after 12 months, 87% after 24 months). However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference in success between materials (P > 0.05) at both 12 and 24 months. Conclusions, In this study, the use of MTA as a root-end filling material resulted in a high success rate that was not significantly better than that obtained using IRM. [source] Comparative radiopacity of tetracalcium phosphate and other root-end filling materialsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2000C. D. Laghios Abstract Aim This study compared the radiopacity of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and 11 root-end filling materials relative to human dentine. Methodology Specimens of 2 mm thickness and a graduated aluminium stepwedge were placed on dental X-ray films and exposed to an X-ray beam. The optical densities of the specimens and aluminium steps were measured. The optical densities of the specimens were correlated to the equivalent thickness of aluminium with a regression analysis equation. The equation was used to calculate the equivalent aluminium thickness of each of the specimens. Results Nine of the materials were found to be of acceptable radiopacity (at least 2 mm Al more radiopaque than dentine). TCCP and two of the glass-ionomer compounds were found to have insufficient radiopacity to be radiographically distinguishable from human dentine. Conclusions All the materials were found to be distinguishable radiographically from dentine, except for Vitrebond, TTCP and Ketac-Fil. Amalgam was the most radiopaque material and Ketac-Fil was the least radiopaque material tested. [source] The comparison of the effects of three types of piezoelectric ultrasonic tips and air polishing system on the filling materials: an in vitro studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 4 2007T Arabaci Abstract:, Aim:, The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of air polishing and different ultrasonic scaler inserts on dental fillings, such as amalgam, composite and porcelain. Materials and methods:, This study was performed on amalgam, composite and porcelain samples. The surfaces of the samples were exposed to different type of piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler inserts and air-abrasive unit. The scaler inserts were Instrument A, Instrument PS and PI. The roughness of the surfaces of each sample were measured with a profilometer and observed by stereomicroscope. Results:, The stereomicroscopic images and profilometric values showed that Instrument A and PS resulted in rough surfaces, such as chips, nicks and scratches on the amalgam, composite and porcelain surfaces. The Instrument PI roughened the amalgam surface, but it did not roughen the porcelain or composite surfaces. The profilometric measurements (Ra) showed that the roughness of the surfaces depending on air polishing was less than the ultrasonically scaled surfaces. Conclusion:, The wrong tip applications during dental scaling procedure cause roughness, such as scratches, nicks or chips, not only on the teeth surfaces but also on the filling materials. Thus, dental scaling procedure on the restorations should be performed carefully and the roughness sites on the restorations have to be re-polished after scaling to prevent plaque accumulation. [source] Release of gentamicin from bone regenerative materials: An in vitro studyJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007M. Teller Abstract Antibiotic loading of bone regenerative materials is a promising way to protect augmentation procedures from infection during the resorption phase of bone substitutes. Especially in the early stage of implantation, it should protect the grafted site against microbiological pathogens. The present study reports the release kinetics of gentamicin after loading from two synthetic bone filling materials. The first, BONITmatrix®, is a biphasic calcium phosphate silica composite obtained by the sol,gel route consisting of 13% silicon dioxide (w/w) and calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite/,-tricalcium phosphate 60/40 w/w). The second, Synthacer®, is a sintered hydroxyapatite ceramic. Gentamicin was loaded by dipping and by vacuum coating. Release kinetics of the loaded Gentamicin was investigated by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and by staphylococcus aureus assay. By dipping, loading failed for Synthacer, and it was 12.7 mg gentamicin per gram bone substitute for BONITmatrix. By vacuum coating, loading was 11.3 mg gentamicin per gram bone substitute for Synthacer and 7.4 mg gentamicin per gram bone substitute for BONITmatrix. Distinct release kinetics were measured. For Synthacer, a high initial release was followed by a lower protracted release level up to 28 days. For BONITmatrix release was continuous over the investigated 70-day period. The present data suggest that the porosity properties at the nano- and microscopic levels, or the composition are responsible for antibiotic loading and subsequent release. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006 [source] Biocompatibility of various formula root filling materials for primary teethJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007Tsui-Hsien Huang Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different materials used in primary root canal fillings on the cell viability of human osteosarcoma cell lines. The experimental group contained six different types of root canal filling materials, including zinc oxide (ZnO) + eugenol + formocresol (FC), Ca(OH)2 + FC, Ca(OH)2 + Iodoform, Ca(OH)2 + Iodoform + camphorated parachlorophenol (CPC), Ca(OH)2 + CPC, and Vitapex. Cell viability tests were performed using tetrazolium bromide colorimetric (MTT) assay on human osteosacorma cell lines (U2OS). The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student,Newman,Keul's test with p < 0.05 showed statistical differences. The ZnO + eugenol + FC group and Ca(OH)2 + FC group showed the lowest survival rates (p < 0.05). The Ca(OH)2 + Iodoform + CPC group and Ca(OH)2 + CPC group showed significantly lower survival rates at concentrations above 6 ,L/mL (p < 0.05). The Ca(OH)2 + Iodoform group and Vitapex group showed the highest survival rates (p < 0.05). We concluded that the use of calcium hydroxide with iodoform as a root filling base material is a better option than other medications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007 [source] Regeneration of canine peroneal nerve with the use of a polyglycolic acid,collagen tube filled with laminin-soaked collagen sponge: a comparative study of collagen sponge and collagen fibers as filling materials for nerve conduitsJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 6 2001Toshinari Toba Abstract A novel artificial nerve conduit was developed and its efficiency was evaluated on the basis of promotion of peripheral nerve regeneration across an 80-mm gap in dogs. The nerve conduit was made of a polyglycolic acid,collagen tube filled with laminin-soaked collagen sponge. Conduits filled with either sponge- or fiber-form collagen were implanted into an 80-mm gap of the peroneal nerve (five dogs for each form). Twelve months postoperatively nerve regeneration was superior in the sponge group both morphometrically (percentage of neural tissue: fiber: 39.7 ± 5.2, sponge: 43.0 ± 4.5, n=3) and electrophysiologically (fiber: CMAP 1.06 ± 0.077, SEP 1.32 ± 0.127 sponge: CMAP 1.04 ± 0.106, SEP 1.24 ± 0.197, n=5), although these differences were not statistically significant. The observed regeneration was complementary to successful results reported previously in the same model, in which collagen fibers exclusively were used. The results indicate a possible superiority of collagen sponge over collagen fibers as filling materials. In addition, the mass-producibility, superior scaffolding potential, and capacity for gradual release of soluble factors of the sponge provide make it an attractive alternative to fine fibers, which are both technologically difficult and costly to produce. This newly developed nerve conduit has the potential to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration across longer gaps commonly encountered in clinical settings. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 622,630, 2001 [source] Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to various restorative materials in a continuous flow systemJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 3 2004S. Eick summary, A continuous flow system was developed to evaluate the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 to filling materials (Ariston, Tetric, Dyract, Compoglass, Vitremer, Aqua Ionofil, Ketac Fil, amalgam, Galloy and ceramics as controls). Streptococcus mutans was added to saliva-coated test specimens, and a nutrient broth permanently supplied over a time period of 48 h and then the weight of plaque, the number and viability of the bacteria adhering to the materials were determined. The weights of artificial plaque on all filling materials tested were higher than those on ceramics, the highest values were measured on the glass,ionomers. The amount of plaque correlates with the surface roughness, whereas there was no correlation of the surface roughness with the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of S. mutans. The CFU of adhering S. mutans also depends on the viability of the bacteria. The plaque on Ketac Fil contained a high number of viable bacteria. The fluorides of glass,ionomers do not efficiently prevent the attachment and the viability of S. mutans. [source] Fullerene derivatives encapsulated in carbon nanotubesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 11 2007W. Plank Abstract We report on the preparation and subsequent Raman analysis of carbon nanotube peapods, using the fullerene C60 and its heterofullerene derivative (C59N)2 as filling materials. The filling with (C59N)2 was done from liquid solution at room temperature and from the gas phase at elevated temperatures. The success of the encapsulation procedure is confirmed through the identification of fingerprint Raman modes and the conversion to double wall nanotubes through heating to 1250 °C. The 2D mode of double wall nanotubes made from (C59N)2 peapods is observed to be downshifted compared to the same mode in double wall nanotubes made from C60 peapods. We interpret this downshift as an evidence for the integration of the nitrogen into the lattice of the inner tube. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Replacement versus repair of defective restorations in adults: resin compositeAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010MO Sharif Background:, Composite filling materials have been increasingly used for the restoration of posterior teeth in recent years as a tooth coloured alternative to amalgam. As with any filling material composites have a finite life-span. Traditionally, replacement was the ideal approach to treat defective composite restorations, however, repairing composites offers an alternative more conservative approach where restorations are partly still serviceable. Repairing the restoration has the potential of taking less time and may sometimes be performed without the use of local anaesthesia hence it may be less distressing for a patient when compared with replacement. Objectives:, To evaluate the effectiveness of replacement (with resin composite) versus repair (with resin composite) in the management of defective resin composite dental restorations in permanent molar and premolar teeth. Search strategy:, For the identification of studies relevant to this review we searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 23rd September 2009); CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 4); MEDLINE (1950 to 23rd September 2009); EMBASE (1980 to 23rd September 2009); ISI Web of Science (SCIE, SSCI) (1981 to 22nd December 2009); ISI Web of Science Conference Proceedings (1990 to 22nd December 2009); BIOSIS (1985 to 22nd December 2009); and OpenSIGLE (1980 to 2005). Researchers, experts and organizations known to be involved in this field were contacted in order to trace unpublished or ongoing studies. There were no language limitations. Selection criteria:, Trials were selected if they met the following criteria: randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trial, involving replacement and repair of resin composite restorations. Data collection and analysis:, Two review authors independently assessed titles and abstracts for each article identified by the searches in order to decide whether the article was likely to be relevant. Full papers were obtained for relevant articles and both review authors studied these. The Cochrane Collaboration statistical guidelines were to be followed for data synthesis. Main results:, The search strategy retrieved 279 potentially eligible studies, after de-duplication and examination of the titles and abstracts all but four studies were deemed irrelevant. After further analysis of the full texts of the four studies identified, none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria and all were excluded from this review. Authors' conclusions:, There are no published randomised controlled clinical trials relevant to this review question. There is therefore a need for methodologically sound randomised controlled clinical trials that are reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement (http://www.consort-statement.org/). Further research also needs to explore qualitatively the views of patients on repairing versus replacement and investigate themes around pain, anxiety and distress, time and costs. [source] Effects of new adhesive resin root canal filling materials on vertical root fracturesAUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010Takahiro Hanada dds Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of roots following root canal therapy using the RC Sealer system, the Epiphany system and the conventional system of gutta-percha and Sealapex. Fifty-six maxillary central incisors were divided into eight groups of seven teeth each, according to master apical file size and obturation systems. Obturation materials in the root canal were vertically loaded using a universal testing machine. Fracture loads were analysed by anova and Tukey comparison, and fracture patterns were analysed with ordinal logistic regression. Master apical file size 80 had a significantly lower fracture load than size 40 (P < 0.05). The groups obturated using the Resilon Cone and the Epiphany Sealer had significantly lower fracture loads than the other groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant improvement in resistance to vertical root fractures using the examined adhesive resin root canal filling systems, compared with conventional gutta-percha and sealer. [source] | ||||||||||||||||