Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Fixed Specimens (fixed + specimen)
Selected AbstractsA new method of margin evaluation in breast conservation surgery using an adjustable mould during fixationHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2001S Ichihara A new method of margin evaluation in breast conservation surgery using an adjustable mould during fixation Aims:,We have developed a new method of breast resection margin assessment in quadrantectomy using an adjustable mould to prevent the three-dimensional specimen from distorting during fixation. Methods and results:,The new method has been applied to 10 consecutive quadrantectomies (six invasive duct carcinomas, four duct carcinoma in situ with or without microinvasion). The precise configuration of the fixed specimen enabled pathologists to examine the side slices, the 5 mm thick slices cut parallel to the flat lateral margins of the specimen, permitting the separation of margin evaluation from tumour characterization. Eight cases with negative margins by our method would also be negative by assessment of inked margins since the margin widths were estimated to be from 5 to 30 mm (average 16.3 mm); two cases with positive margins would also be positive by inked margins. Conclusions:,Our new method was as reliable as the inked margins employing sequential slicing of the entire tissue, although it reduced the number of blocks by more than half in invasive carcinomas. A further advantage of this method is that the accuracy in margin evaluation is not influenced by the extent of tumour sampling. In addition, our system can pinpoint the positive margins facilitating re-excision to obtain tumour-free margins. [source] Evaluation by scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) on glomerular lesion of IgA nephropathyNEPHROLOGY, Issue 2001H Kiyomoto IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is known to commonly cause of end-stage renal failure in Japan. The glomerular lesions of IgAN have histological variations. The determination of prognosis and therapeutic strategy should be carefully done by experts because morphological information from renal biopsies using ordinary optical microscopy is usually qualitative and subjective. Moreover, the histological items for the evaluation of glomerular lesions seems to be unsatisfactory for expression of the disease condition of IgAN. The beneficial properties of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) include not only observation of microstructure but also quantitative measurement of acoustic propagation speed (APS), indicating the tissue elasticity. In the present study we compared the APS of glomeruli with the pathological scores that were determined by ordinary light microscopy. We used stocked human renal biopsy specimens diagnosed as IgAN (n = 12) and normal/minimal changes (n = 5). All samples were taken by renal biopsy in Kagawa Medical University Hospital during 1997,2000 under informed consent of the patients. The obtained renal tissue were immersed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. A fixed specimen was consecutively cut into 4 ,m slices. One of the deparaffinized 4 ,m-specimens was directly utilized for SAM without any staining, and the others were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Masson Trichrome for counting cell number and evaluation of collagen accumulation. For the measurement of glomerular APS, the sample line was set on the equator of the glomerulus and then scanning of the X,Z axis was carried out to obtain the interference fringes that were analysed with a computer imaging software in order to calculate the APS. In light microscopic study, pathological scores were evaluated semiquantitatively by two independent investigators who were unaware of the sample number. Glomerular lesions were scored into five grades and glomerular cell number was also counted in individual glomerulus. The computer-assisted imaging analyser Win ROOF (Mitani, Fukui, Japan) was also used for the determination of glomerular collagen content in specimens stained by Masson Trichrome. A two-dimensional image (C-mode scanning) of SAM enabled imaging of glomerulus in renal biopsy specimen compatible with findings of ordinary light microscopy without staining dye. The glomerular APS in IgAN was significantly higher than in normal/minimal changes. This alteration of glomerular APS in IgAN was positively correlated to both semiquantitative pathological scores and glomerular collagen content determined by light microscopy. However, the cell number of glomelurus did not change between IgAN and normal/minimal change. As a result, we conclude that the glomerular lesion, especially matrix expansion in IgAN, was comparable with the absolute value among specimens. Therefore, it is suggested that SAM method is a novel and useful technique for quantitative evaluation of glomerular lesion in IgAN. [source] Developmental patterns of the hermaphroditic gonad in dicyemid mesozoans (Phylum Dicyemida)INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Hidetaka Furuya Abstract. The development of the hermaphroditic gonad, the infusorigen, was studied in fixed specimens of 16 species belonging to four genera (Conocyema, Dicyema, Dicyemennea, and Pseudicyema) of dicyemid mesozoans. In addition, the literature on the cell lineages of infusorigens of eight other species was reviewed. After an agamete (axoblast) undergoes an unequal first division, excluding a small cell (the paranucleus), the resulting large cell divides to form the infusorigen. Five infursorigen cell lineage patterns can be identified: type I, both the first oogonium and the first spermatogonium are produced at the third division; type II, the first spermatogonium is produced at the second division and the first oogonium is produced at the third division; type III, the first spermatogonium is produced at the second division and the first oogonium is produced at the fourth division; type IV, the first oogonium is produced at the second division and the first spermatogonium is produced at the third division; and type V, the first oogonium is produced at the second division and the first spermatogonium is produced at the fourth division. Later development is similar in members of all genera. Mature infusorigens are similarly organized in all species examined. Sizes of agametes and infusorigen axial cells, the number of infusorigens, and the type of reproductive strategy were not correlated with infusorigen developmental patterns or cell lineage patterns. [source] The constrictor dorsalis musculature and basipterygoid articulation in SphenodonJOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Peter JohnstonArticle first published online: 5 OCT 200 Abstract The constrictor internus dorsalis (CID) trigeminal muscles in vertebrates lie between the braincase and the palatoquadrate bar, and in reptiles they are believed to function in the relative movements between braincase and maxillary segment known as kinesis. In amniote taxa, the presence of a synovial basipterygoid articulation (BPA) correlates with presence of the CID. Previous descriptions of the CID in the tuatara Sphenodon (Rhynchocephalia) are inconsistent regarding presence, size and direction, particularly of the m. protractor pterygoidei. The Sphenodon skull is reported to be akinetic. The CID was investigated in Sphenodon by examination of sectioned embryonic and hatchling material, and by dissection of fixed specimens. Osteological correlates of CID muscles and morphology of the BPA were examined on disarticulated skulls and on CT scan images. The vectors of action of these muscles in relation to the BPA were projected onto CT images. Mm. levator bulbi and levator pterygoidei are found to be similar to most previous descriptions, but m. protractor pterygoidei was found in a different position, lying entirely medial to the palatoquadrate bar. The insertions of mm. levator pterygoidei and protractor pterygoidei are visible on the disarticulated pterygoid bone. The BPA is mobile only by rotation around the horizontal axis of the joints themselves; metakinesis is not possible in the Sphenodon skull. M. protractor pterygoidei appears to either resist or recognize lateral displacement of the BPA. M. levator ptergyoidei is placed to resist dorsal displacement of the braincase at the BPA, or torsion of the braincase around its longitudinal axis. The BPA appears to be a means to direct compressive stress via the base of the braincase and occipital condyle to the cervical spine in Sphenodon, and probably in its direct ancestors. Metakinesis may never have been a feature of the lepidosaur skull. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Co-localization of von Willebrand factor with platelet thrombi, tissue factor and platelets with fibrin, and consistent presence of inflammatory cells in coronary thrombi obtained by an aspiration device from patients with acute myocardial infarctionJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 1 2006Y. HOSHIBA Summary.,Background:,Detailed histochemical analysis of coronary thrombi obtained freshly from acute phase of myocardial infarction patients may provide information necessary to understand the mechanism of coronary occlusive thrombus formation. Methods and Results:,Coronary thrombi causing myocardial infarction were obtained from 10 consecutive patients of myocardial infarction in the acute phase, using a newly developed aspiration catheter. All the fixed specimens of coronary thrombi, by hematoxylin and eosin staining, were found to contain three major constituents, namely, platelets, densely packed fibrin and inflammatory cells, including polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, although their distribution in each specimen is totally heterogeneous. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the prominent presence of von Willebrand factor (VWF) at the sites of platelet accumulation, presence of tissue factor and platelets at the sites of deposition of fibrin fibrils. It also revealed the presence of CD16-, CD45- and CD34-positive cells, yet the functional roles of these cells have still to be elucidated. There are weak positive correlation between the number of inflammatory cells involved in the unit area of coronary thrombi specimen and the time of collection of the specimens after the onset of chest pain. Conclusions:,In spite of various limitations, our results contain information suggesting the possible role of VWF in platelet-thrombus formation, possible important role played by tissue factor and activated platelets in the formation of fibrin fibrils, and the positive relationship between inflammatory cells migration and the formation of occlusive thrombi in human coronary arteries. [source] Effect of Osteogenic Induction on the in Vitro Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Cocultured With Periodontal Ligament FibroblastsARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 11 2007Bülend Inanç Abstract:, Osteogenesis is one of the principal components of periodontal tissue development as well as regeneration. As pluripotent cells with unlimited proliferative potential and differentiation ability to all germ layer representatives, embryonic stem cells also hold the promise to become a cell source in bone tissue engineering. Our aim was to investigate osteogenic differentiation potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) under the inductive influence of human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) monolayers. After being expanded and characterized morphologically and immunohistochemically, hESCs (HUES-9) were cocultured with hPDLFs for 28 days. Two groups were established: (i) osteogenic induction group with ascorbic acid, ,-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone containing hESC differentiation medium; and (ii) spontaneous differentiation group cultured in hESC differentiation medium. Morphological shift in cells was analyzed under an inverted microscope, and immunohistochemistry was performed on fixed specimens at days 1 and 28 using antibodies against alkaline phosphatase, osteonectin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OSC). Reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction was utilized for the detection of octameric binding protein-4, BSP, and OSC expression at mRNA level. Mineralization was assessed using alizarin red, and the surface topology shift in colonies was demonstrated with scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate the feasibility of osteogenic differentiation of hESCs in coculture, and suggest a role of periodontal ligament fibroblasts in their differentiation patterns. Advances in the field could allow for potential utilization of hESCs in periodontal tissue engineering applications involving regeneration of bone in periodontal compartment lost as a result of destructive periodontal diseases. [source] Endoscopists' estimation of size should not determine surveillance of colonic polypsCOLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 7 2010S. J. Moug Abstract Objective, Current British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines use adenomatous polyp size as one of the key factors in determining polyp follow-up. This study aimed to compare polyp size assessment by colonoscopists and pathologists before and after fixation to determine the optimal method for measurement. Method, Thirty-five colorectal polyps were found during pre-arranged colonoscopies in one centre. Polyp size was measured to the nearest 1 mm by three different methods: 1by the endoscopist at colonoscopy; 2by the pathologist fresh, following removal; 3by the pathologist fixed, following fixation. The endoscopist and the pathologist were blinded to each other's measurements. Results, Seventeen men, eighteen women with mean age of 66.2 years (SD: 9.4, range: 38.7,85.5) underwent polypectomy/s with all polyps removed intact. Polypectomies were performed by consultants (43%), nurse specialists (34%) and specialist registrars (23%). The median size (mm) of polyps measured were endoscopically, 6.5 (2,25 mm); fresh specimen 7.0 (4,28 mm) and fixed 7.0 (4,28 mm). Endoscopic measurements were significantly lower than that of fresh and fixed sizes (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 respectively), with poor correlation [correlation of variance (CV): 21.0% and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCC): 0.841 for endoscopic and fresh measurements; CV: 21.1% and ICCC: 0.838 for endoscopic and fixed measurements]. There was no statistical difference between fresh and fixed specimen measurements (P > 0.05; CV: 4.2%, ICCC: 0.974). In three patients, the endoscopic measurement was < 1 cm in polyps that were found to be , 1 cm on pathological measurement. Conclusions, Endoscopists consistently underestimated polyp size. Fixation had no effect on polyp size. Pathologists' measurement of polyp size on fixed specimens should determine the need for further colonoscopic follow-up. [source] | |||||||||||||