Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Fiber Development (fiber + development)
Selected Abstracts,-Dystroglycan is essential for the induction of Egr3, a transcription factor important in muscle spindle formationDEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 7 2010Stacey Williams Abstract Muscle spindle fibers are specialized stretch receptors that allow the perception and coordination of limb movement. The differentiation of these specialized structures is initiated by signals derived from the in growing Ia sensory neurons during development. While the direct molecular signaling mechanisms between sensory neurons and developing muscle at nascent spindle fibers have been well documented in past studies the roles of muscle basal lamina components on this process have not previously been described. As such, our initial experiments addressed potential roles for agrin (AGRN) and laminin (LN) in the expression of the transcription factor Egr3. Levels of Egr3 were monitored using immunoblot analysis and both basal lamina molecules proved effective in inducing Erg3 expression. Previous work had established neuregulin (NRG) as a critical signaling component in spindle fiber development so blocking experiments with NRG and ErbB inhibitors were then used to determine if LN-induced Egr3 expression was occurring as a result of NRG-ErbB signaling and not via other, novel pathway. Inhibiting signaling through this pathway did indeed reduce the expression of Egr3. Finally, we looked at ,-dystrogylcan, a shared receptor for AGRN and LN at neuromuscular junctions. Using a ,-dystroglycan (,-DG) silenced muscle cell line and an anti-,-DG antibody we attempted to block basal lamina/,-DG interactions. Again, and in both instances, Egr3 expression was significantly decreased. Taken together, analysis of the results from these experiments revealed that indeed AGRN, LN, and ,-DG influence Egr3 levels and therefore may play an important role in spindle fiber differentiation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70:498,507, 2010 [source] An efficient protein preparation for proteomic analysis of developing cotton fibers by 2-DEELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 22 2006Yuan Yao Abstract Preparation of high-quality proteins from cotton fiber tissues is difficult due to high endogenous levels of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other interfering compounds. To establish a routine procedure for the application of proteomic analysis to cotton fiber tissues, a new protocol for protein extraction was developed by optimizing a phenol extraction method combined with methanol/ammonium acetate precipitation. The protein extraction for 2-DE was remarkably improved by the combination of chemically and physically modified processes including polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) addition, acetone cleaning, and SDS replacement. The protocol gave a higher protein yield and vastly greater resolution and spot intensity. The efficiency of this protocol and its feasibility in fiber proteomic study were demonstrated by comparison of the cotton fiber proteomes at two growth stages. Furthermore, ten protein spots changed significantly were identified by MS/tandem MS and their potential relationships to fiber development were discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a protocol for protein extraction from cotton fiber tissues appears to give satisfactory and reproductive 2-D protein profiles. The protocol is expected to accelerate the process of the proteomic study of cotton fibers and also to be applicable to other recalcitrant plant tissues. [source] Comparative development of fiber in wild and cultivated cottonEVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2001Wendy L. Applequist SUMMARY One of the most striking examples of plant hairs is the single-celled epidermal seed trichome of cultivated cotton. The developmental morphology of these commercial "fibers" has been well-characterized in Gossypium hirsutum, but little is known about the pattern and tempo of fiber development in wild Gossypium species, all of which have short, agronomically inferior fiber. To identify developmental differences that account for variation in fiber length, and to place these differences in a phylogenetic context, we conducted SEM studies of ovules at and near the time of flowering, and generated growth curves for cultivated and wild diploid and tetraploid species. Trichome initiation was found to be similar in all taxa, with few notable differences in trichome density or early growth. Developmental profiles of the fibers of most wild species are similar, with fiber elongation terminating at about two weeks post-anthesis. In contrast, growth is extended to three weeks in the A- and F-genome diploids. This prolonged elongation period is diagnosed as a key evolutionary event in the origin of long fiber. A second evolutionary innovation is that absolute growth rate is higher in species with long fibers. Domestication of species is associated with a further prolongation of elongation at both the diploid and allopolyploid levels, suggesting the effects of parallel artificial selection. Comparative analysis of fiber growth curves lends developmental support to previous quantitative genetic suggestions that genes for fiber "improvement" in tetraploid cotton were contributed by the agronomically inferior D-genome diploid parent. [source] ANAC012, a member of the plant-specific NAC transcription factor family, negatively regulates xylary fiber development in Arabidopsis thalianaTHE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007Jae-Heung Ko Summary Vascular plants evolved to have xylem that provides physical support for their growing body and serves as a conduit for water and nutrient transport. In a previous study, we used comparative-transcriptome analyses to select a group of genes that were upregulated in xylem of Arabidopsis plants undergoing secondary growth. Subsequent analyses identified a plant-specific NAC-domain transcription factor gene (ANAC012) as a candidate for genetic regulation of xylem formation. Promoter-GUS analyses showed that ANAC012 expression was preferentially localized in the (pro)cambium region of inflorescence stem and root. Using yeast transactivation analyses, we confirmed the function of ANAC012 as a transcriptional activator, and identified an activation domain in the C terminus. Ectopic overexpression of ANAC012 in Arabidopsis (35S::ANAC012 plants) dramatically suppressed secondary wall deposition in the xylary fiber and slightly increased cell-wall thickness in the xylem vessels. Cellulose compositions of the cell wall were decreased in the inflorescent stems and roots of 35S::ANAC012 plants, probably resulting from defects in xylary fiber formation. Our data suggest that ANAC012 may act as a negative regulator of secondary wall thickening in xylary fibers. [source] Global transcript profiling of primary stems from Arabidopsis thaliana identifies candidate genes for missing links in lignin biosynthesis and transcriptional regulators of fiber differentiationTHE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 5 2005Jürgen Ehlting Summary Different stages of vascular and interfascicular fiber differentiation can be identified along the axis of bolting stems in Arabidopsis. To gain insights into the metabolic, developmental, and regulatory events that control this pattern, we applied global transcript profiling employing an Arabidopsis full-genome longmer microarray. More than 5000 genes were differentially expressed, among which more than 3000 changed more than twofold, and were placed into eight expression clusters based on polynomial regression models. Within these, 182 upregulated transcription factors represent candidate regulators of fiber development. A subset of these candidates has been associated with fiber development and/or secondary wall formation and lignification in the literature, making them targets for functional studies and comparative genomic analyses with woody plants. Analysis of differentially expressed phenylpropanoid genes identified a set known to be involved in lignin biosynthesis. These were used to anchor co-expression analyses that allowed us to identify candidate genes encoding proteins involved in monolignol transport and monolignol dehydrogenation and polymerization. Similar analyses revealed candidate genes encoding enzymes that catalyze missing links in the shikimate pathway, namely arogenate dehydrogenase and prephenate aminotransferase. [source] | ||||||||||