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Feeding Intensity (feeding + intensity)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	57%
Earth and Environmental Science	42%

Selected Abstracts

Concentration of copper, iron, manganese and zinc in muscle, fat and bone tissue of lambs of the breed German Merino Landsheep in the course of the growing period and different feeding intensities

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 3-4 2007
G. Bellof
Summary A growth experiment with 108 lambs (breed German Merino Landsheep) was carried out in order to examine how gender, body weight and feeding intensity affect trace element concentrations in tissues and carcass. The lambs (50% male and 50% female) were fattened at three levels of feeding intensity (,low', ,medium' and ,high' by varying daily amounts of concentrate and hay) and slaughtered at different final body weights (30, 45 or 55 kg). Six male and six female animals were sacrificed at 18 kg live weight at the beginning of the comparative slaughter experiment. The left half carcass of each animal was divided into muscle tissue, fat tissue as well as bones and sinews and analysed for the trace elements copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) as well as zinc (Zn). The body weight level influenced the Zn concentrations significantly in all tissues. In addition, the Fe concentration in the fat tissue was influenced by the body weight as well as the Cu content in the bone tissue. An influence due to gender could be seen for the Zn concentration in the muscle and fat tissue and for the Fe content in the fat and bone tissue as well as for the Cu concentration in the bones. The feeding intensity affected the Cu content in the muscle and bone tissue and also the Zn content in the muscle tissue. In the present study with lambs at body weight range from 18 to 55 kg on an average, 127 mg Fe, 87 mg Zn, 1.5 mg Cu as well as 1.1 mg Mn per kilogram dry matter were found in the bone tissue. In lamb muscle tissue combined from all parts (body weight range from 18 to 45 kg, both genders) the highest concentrations were for Zn and Fe [3.42 and 1.31 mg/100 g meat (wet weight basis)], while Cu remained far below these levels (0.08 mg/100 g meat and Mn was even below the detection limit of 0.025 mg/kg). Lamb muscle is a valuable source for highly available haem-Fe as well as for Zn and Cu in human nutrition. [source]

Development and application of a flexible controller in yeast fermentations using pO2 cascade control

ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2010
Juris Vanags
Abstract The development and application of a flexible process controller in fed-batch yeast fermentations using pO2 cascade control was performed. A new algorithm for fed-batch fermentations using pO2 cascade control was developed, the concept of which could be used as a realizable solution in fermentation systems equipped according to the basic configuration. The algorithm is based on the combined influence of pO2 and pH on the substrate feeding intensity. To test and develop this algorithm, Saccharomyces cerevisiae DY 7221 and Candida tropicalis CK-4 fermentations were carried out. As a result of the use of the combined algorithm, the specific growth rate and productivity grew in both fermentations. In this case, the effect of the use of the algorithm was most pronounced in the C. tropicalis fermentation. [source]

Concentration of copper, iron, manganese and zinc in muscle, fat and bone tissue of lambs of the breed German Merino Landsheep in the course of the growing period and different feeding intensities

The effect of wheat ,-amylase inhibitors incorporated into wheat-based artificial diets on development of Sitophilus granarius L., Tribolium confusum Duv., and Ephestia kuehniella Zell

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 4 2002
J. R. Warchalewski
Artificial grain kernels made from ground wheat grain, commercial wheat starch and wheat proteinaceous ,-amylase inhibitors were used as diets for adults of the granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L). For the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum Duv.) and the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephesitia kuehniella Zell.), a friable mixture of the diets was used. The results of feeding trials showed that the survival of S. granarius adults was not correlated with the soluble proteins extracted from wheat and amylolytic activity located in this protein fraction. On the other hand, the weight of dust (the index of feeding intensity) produced during feeding depended on the presence of ,-amylase and trypsin inhibitors in wheat-based diets. Ephesitia kuehniella larvae did not develop at all on a diet consisting of 50% wheat starch and 50% crude ,-amylase inhibitors from wheat. The same diet lengthened the development time of T. confusum larvae by 15.1 days. These results attest to the existence of a specific native enzymatic apparatus in the alimentary canals of these three grain pests. However, the highly active insect ,-amylase inhibitors appear to have a limited influence on the developmental parameters studied although some reduction of insects populations might be expected. [source]

The food and feeding habits of the silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen), in Kuwait waters

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 2 2000
By S. Dadzie
The food habits of the silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen 1788), in Kuwait waters were investigated by examining the stomach contents of 738 specimens collected from May 1996 to April 1997. Their diet consisted of a broad spectrum of food types, but Crustacea were dominant, with copepods and their eggs constituting 39 % other non-copepod Crustacea constituted 16 %. The next major food group was Bacillariophyta (21 %), followed by Mollusca (11 %), fish scales (10 %) and, finally, fish eggs and larvae (3 %). In summer the species fed on a wider variety of food items than in winter. Copepods, other non-copepod crustaceans, and molluscs tended to occur in the stomachs in higher frequencies with an increase in P. argenteus size (up to 18.5,20.4 cm), while the bacillariophytes tended to increase in stomachs at fish sizes between 22.5,24.5 cm. Analysis of monthly variations in stomach fullness indicated that feeding intensity fluctuated throughout the year, with a low during August and September, corresponding to the spawning period. [source]

Diel variation in feeding rate and prey composition of herring and mackerel in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
E. Darbyson
Diel feeding patterns of herring Clupea harengus and mackerel Scomber scombrus in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence were examined based on samples obtained by midwater trawling between 19 and 26 June 2001. Within 3 h time periods, stomach contents tended to be more similar between fish from the same tow than between fish from different tows. Thus, in contrast to previous diet studies, which have used individual fish stomachs as independent observations, tow was used as the experimental unit in statistical analyses in this study. Diel patterns in stomach fullness were identified using generalized additive models. Two peaks in stomach fullness occurred for herring, one in the morning and the other in the evening. Mackerel showed an increase in feeding intensity throughout the day with a peak in mid-afternoon. The diel changes in stomach contents suggested rapid gastric evacuation rates for both species, especially for herring. The estimate of the instantaneous evacuation rate for herring was twice that for mackerel. Calanus copepods (mainly C. hyperboreus), fishes (mainly capelin Mallotus villosus) and euphausiids were the main prey found in the stomachs of both species. Calanus copepods dominated the diet of herring regardless of time period. They also dominated the diet of mackerel during the late afternoon, evening and night while fishes and euphausiids were dominant during the morning and early afternoon. These diel patterns emphasize the need for sampling throughout the day and night in order to estimate ration and diet composition for bioenergetic and ecosystem models. [source]

Feeding resumption, morphological changes and mortality during starvation in Japanese flounder larvae

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
S. Dou
Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae established first feeding 3 days after hatching (DAH) at c. 17° C. Non-fed fish reached irreversible starvation at age 5 DAH. Non-fed fish showed similar feeding rate and feeding intensity as the fed fish when they were provided with prey before 5 DAH, after which the starved larvae did not feed even when prey became available. None of the six morphological measurements examined (total length, body height, eye height, head height, gut height and myotome height) showed significant differences between the non-fed and fed larvae until 5 DAH. Normal development continued only in the fed group, and the non-fed larvae showed reverse growth or body collapse after 5 DAH. Owing to the shrinkage and collapse at the top of head due to starvation, head height could be a sensitive indicator of starvation in Japanese flounder larvae. In the fed treatments, high mortality occurred from first feeding (3 DAH) to irreversible starvation (5 DAH), accounting for about two-thirds to three-quarters of the overall mortality (46,52%) throughout the experiments. This mortality was not prey density or larval density dependent. Mortality during the same period in the non-fed larvae accounted for about a third of the overall mortality (100%). [source]