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Fewer Hours (fewer + hour)
Selected AbstractsFewer hours of care yet undiminished caregiver burden with new long-term care insurance in JapanINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 5 2002Yumiko Arai No abstract is available for this article. [source] Familial Factors Associated With the Use of Multiple Child-Care ArrangementsJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 2 2008Taryn W. Morrissey This study examined the use of multiple, concurrent, nonparental child-care arrangements among children under 5 with employed mothers in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N= 759). Older children, those primarily cared for in informal child care, those living in cohabitating or single-parent households, and those whose mothers were employed for 40 or fewer hours per week were likely to be in multiple arrangements. Higher quality primary child-care and lower maternal satisfaction with primary care predicted the subsequent use of multiple arrangements. Little support for income differences in selection into multiple arrangements was found. Findings highlight the importance of child-care characteristics and structure in child-care choice. Policy implications are discussed. [source] Child-Care Usage and Mother-Infant "Quality Time"JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 1 2002Cathryn L. Booth Mothers' time-use patterns were compared in families in which infants spent more than 30 hours per week in child care (In-Care group; n= 143) versus 0 hours per week (At-Home group; n= 183) from birth to 6 months of age. In-Care group mothers spent about 12 fewer hours per week interacting with their infants, for about 32% less time; fathers of these infants were more involved in caregiving. The groups did not differ in the quality of mother-infant interaction. In the In-Care group, quantity of interaction was related to greater separation anxiety and concerns about effects of maternal employment. Time-use data were not related to child outcomes at 15 months of age. Results suggest that the effect of extensive time spent apart on the quantity and quality of mother-infant interaction may be smaller than anticipated. [source] Adolescents' Sleep Behaviors and Perceptions of SleepJOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 5 2009Heather Noland MEd ABSTRACT Background:, Sleep duration affects the health of children and adolescents. Shorter sleep durations have been associated with poorer academic performance, unintentional injuries, and obesity in adolescents. This study extends our understanding of how adolescents perceive and deal with their sleep issues. Methods:, General education classes were randomly selected from a convenience sample of three high schools in the Midwest. Three hundred eighty-four ninth- to twelfth-grade students (57%) completed a self-administered valid and reliable questionnaire on sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. Results:, Most respondents (91.9%) obtained inadequate sleep (, 9 hours) on most school nights of the week, with 10% reporting less than 6 hours of sleep each week night. The majority indicated that not getting enough sleep had the following effects on them: being more tired during the day (93.7%), having difficulty paying attention (83.6%), lower grades (60.8%), increase in stress (59.0%), and having difficulty getting along with others (57.7%). Some students reported engaging in harmful behaviors to help them sleep: taking sleeping pills (6.0%), smoking a cigarette to relax (5.7%), and drinking alcohol in the evening (2.9%). Students who received fewer hours of sleep were significantly more likely to report being stressed (p = .02) and were more likely to be overweight (p = .04). Conclusions:, Inadequate sleep time may be contributing to adolescent health problems such as increased stress and obesity. Findings indicate a need for sleep hygiene education for adolescents and their parents. A long-term solution to chronic sleep deprivation among high school students could include delaying high school start times, such as was done successfully in the Minneapolis Public School District. [source] Sunlight robbery: A critique of public health policy on vitamin D in the UKMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 8 2010Oliver GillieArticle first published online: 28 JUN 2010 Abstract The British Isles have a very cloudy climate and as a result receive fewer hours of clear sunlight than most other industrial regions. The majority of people in these islands have low blood levels of vitamin D [25(OH)D] all year round. Few food products are fortified with vitamin D in the UK and the government does not recommend any vitamin D supplement for most adults in the UK. Diseases associated with vitamin D insufficiency such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes (types 1 and 2) and multiple sclerosis are more frequent in the UK, and particularly in Scotland, than in many other European countries and some, such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes (types 1 and 2), are increasing in incidence. Present knowledge suggests that the risk of some chronic diseases could be reduced if vitamin D intake or sun exposure of the population were increased. Yet policy and public health recommendations of the UK government and its agencies (e.g. the Health Protection Agency, the Food Standards Agency) and of Cancer Research UK have failed to take full account of established and putative benefits of vitamin D and/or sunshine. The epidemic of chronic disease in the UK, which is associated with and caused at least in part by vitamin D insufficiency, has not been adequately recognized by these agencies, and too often measures taken by them have been misguided, inappropriate or ineffective. [source] Long-term cancer survivors experience work changes after diagnosis: results of a population-based studyPSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 12 2009Floortje Mols Abstract Background: Although cancer survivorship is increasing with improved diagnosis and treatments, few studies have explored employment changes and the factors related to this change among cancer survivors. Therefore, we aim to explore the prevalence of employment problems in long-term cancer survivors. In addition, we explored what patient or tumour characteristics predicted employment changes. Methods: All 1893 long-term survivors of prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed between 1989 and 1998 in the area of the Comprehensive Cancer Centre South, The Netherlands were included in a population-based cross-sectional survey. Results: Response rate was 80% (n=1511). After excluding survivors without a job before diagnosis, 403 survivors remained; 197 (49%) experienced no changes in their work situation following cancer diagnosis, 69 (17%) were working fewer hours, and 137 (34%) stopped working or retired. A medium educational level was significant in reducing the risk of work changes. Being older, having more than one comorbid condition, being treated with chemotherapy, and disease progression were significant independent predictors of work changes after cancer. Experiencing work changes was associated with lower physical functioning but positively associated with social well-being. Discussion: Long-term cancer survivors experience work changes after diagnosis and treatment, and clinical factors significantly predicted work change after cancer. As such, our study underscores the importance of rehabilitation programs in improving the return to work after cancer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] WORK OF FEMALE RURAL DOCTORSAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2004Jo Wainer Objectives: To identify the impact of family life on the ways women practice rural medicine and the changes needed to attract women to rural practice. Design: Census of women rural doctors in Victoria in 2000, using a self-completed postal survey. Setting: General and specialist practice. Subjects: Two hundred and seventy-one female general practitioners and 31 female specialists practising in Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area Classifications 3,7. General practitioners are those doctors with a primary medical degree and without additional specialist qualifications. Main outcome measure: Interaction of hours and type of work with family responsibilities. Results: Generalist and specialist women rural doctors carry the main responsibility for family care. This is reflected in the number of hours they work in clinical and non-clinical professional practice, availability for oncall and hospital work, and preference for the responsibilities of practice partnership or the flexibility of salaried positions. Most of the doctors had established a satisfactory balance between work and family responsibilities, although a substantial number were overworked in order to provide an income for their families or meet the needs of their communities. Thirty-six percent of female rural general practitioners and 56% of female rural specialists preferred to work fewer hours. Female general practitioners with responsibility for children were more than twice as likely as female general practitioners without children to be in a salaried position and less likely to be a practice partner. The changes needed to attract and retain women in rural practice include a place for everyone in the doctor's family, flexible practice structures, mentoring by women doctors and financial and personal recognition. [source] Child health services in transition: I. Theories, methods and launchingACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2005C. SUNDELIN Abstract Aim: To describe an evidence-based model for preventive child health care and present some findings from baseline measurements. Methods: The model includes: parent education; methods for interaction and language training; follow-up of low birthweight children; identification and treatment of postnatal depression, interaction difficulties, motor problems, parenthood stress, and psychosocial problems. After baseline measurements at 18 mo (cohort I), the intervention was tested on children from 0 to 18 mo at 18 child health centres in Uppsala County (cohort II). Eighteen centres in other counties served as controls. Two centres from a privileged area were included in the baseline measurements as a "contrasting" sample. Data are derived from health records and questionnaires to nurses and mothers. Results: Baseline experiment (n= 457) and control mothers (n= 510) were largely comparable in a number of respects. Experiment parents were of higher educational and occupational status, and were more frequently of non-Nordic ethnicity. Mothers in the privileged area (n= 72) differed from other mothers in several respects. Experiment nurses devoted considerably fewer hours per week to child health services and to child patients than did control nurses. Conclusions : Despite certain differences, experiment and control samples appeared comparable enough to permit, in a second step, conclusions about the effectiveness of the intervention. [source] | ||||||||||