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Fertility Status (fertility + status)
Selected AbstractsProductivity and Sustainability of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.),Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cropping System as Influenced by Prilled Urea, Farmyard Manure and AzotobacterJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 5 2004A. Das Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during 2001,2002 and 2002,2003, to study the effect of inorganic, organic and Azotobacter combined sources of N on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The results indicated considerable increase in yield attributes and mean seed cotton yield (2.33 Mg ha,1) with the combined application of 30 kg N and farmyard manure (FYM) at 12 Mg ha,1 along with Azotobacter (M4). The treatment in cotton that included FYM, especially when fertilizer N was also applied could either improve or maintain the soil fertility status in terms of available N, P and K. Distinct increase in yield attributes and grain yield of wheat was observed with the residual effect of integrated application of 30 kg N ha,1 + FYM at 12 Mg ha,1 + Azotobacter. Direct application of 120 kg N ha,1 resulted 67.4 and 17.7 % increase in mean grain yield of wheat over no N and 60 kg N ha,1, respectively. Integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizer is therefore, recommended for higher productivity and sustainability of the cotton,wheat system. [source] Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Infertility and Childless CouplesJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 11 2001Beverly A. Kopper This study of 456 female and 205 male college students investigated knowledge and attitudes toward infertility and reactions to couples with varied fertility status. The gender and career status of the target individual also were varied. The most negative affect and stories were indicated for those described as childless by choice. The male target character also was rated more negatively than the female target character. The greatest responsibility and control were assigned to childless-by-choice and childless-no-explanation groups. The most positive affect and stories were indicated for those described as childless with no explanation given. Infertile couples were attributed less control and responsibility and elicited some degree of anger and hostility from others. [source] Health-Related Quality of Life Issues in Women With Polycystic Ovary SyndromeJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 1 2005Judy Griffin McCook Objective: To evaluate the influence of obesity, fertility status, and androgenism scores on health-related quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: Cross-sectional, correlational. Setting: Private reproductive endocrinology practice in two southeast U.S. cities. Participants: Convenience sample of 128 women with PCOS, half of whom were attempting to conceive in addition to being treated for PCOS. Most were White (97%), married (78%), with a mean age of 30.4 years (SD ± 5.5). Main Outcome Measures: The Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (PCOSQ) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A laboratory panel and clinical measures, including body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and degree of hirsutism. Results: The most common health-related quality of life concern reported by women with PCOS was weight, followed in descending order by menstrual problems, infertility, emotions, and body hair. Conclusions: The psychological implications of PCOS are easily underestimated and have been largely ignored. Nursing has a pivotal role in recognizing these concerns and implementing therapy to improve quality of life in women with PCOS. [source] Sediment-bound nutrient export from micro-dam catchments in Northern EthiopiaLAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2008N. Haregeweyn Abstract The losses in soil nutrients (nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (Pav), organic carbon (OC), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)) in the catchment and the storage in the reservoir as a result of sediment delivery were assessed in 13 catchments/reservoirs in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. This specifically dealt with factors controlling the losses, the fertility status of the deposited sediment, the nutrient export (NE) rates and associated costs. Enrichment ratio (ER) values >1 were observed for the plant nutrients and the finer soil fractions. The high ER is associated with the preferential transport of nutrients bound to finer soil fractions and the parent material dissolution and its transport via runoff. However, the fertility status of the deposited sediment is not sufficient by itself to support a sustainable crop growth and hence external addition is necessary, mainly for N and Pav fertilizer. Generally, rates of NE were high. The high OC export on the other hand dictates the potential of reservoir sediments for OC sequestration. The cost price of loss of only N and Pav, eroded from the catchment slopes, was estimated at ,34·2 million (Euros) in March 2006 for the Tigray. Pity enough, policy makers and beneficiaries do not realize the magnitude of the problem, which forms a major threat for the crop production in the country. Therefore, it is important not only to make the public aware of the problem but also of implementing integrated soil fertility management practices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Selection of Leucaena species for afforestation and amelioration of sodic soilsLAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2002V. L. Goel Abstract Performance of three exotic species of Leucaena (L. diversifolia, L. shannonii and L. leucocephala) and one local selection of L. leucocephala was evaluated on sodic soil sites (pH 8.6,10.5) in order to select promising species for biomass production and reclamation of these soils. There were significant differences among three species with respect to their field survival (47.7,95.5 per cent), growth in terms of stem volume (40.8,118.6,m3,ha,1) and biomass production (24,70,Mg,ha,1) after eight years of growth. L. leucocephala was rated as the most promising species irrespective of seed source, followed by L. shannonii. L. diversifolia could not perform well on these hostile soils. A definite improvement in physicochemical properties of soil particularly in surface layers (0,5,cm) was observed after eight years of plantations as compared to the same at uncultivated site. The soil pH and sodium content decreased followed by an increase in organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content. However, efficiency of different species varied greatly to ameliorate these soils depending on quantity and quality of organic matter lying on the floor. L. leucocephala, irrespective of seed origin, showed greater promise for afforestation of sodic soils because of its potential to produce higher biomass per unit area and greater efficiency to ameliorate fertility status of these soils. The study revealed that matching of species to soil conditions is very important for a successful plantation programme and sustainable development of degraded soil sites. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Soil chemical quality changes and implications for fertilizer management after 11 years of no-tillage wheat production systems in semiarid MoroccoLAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2001R. Mrabet Abstract A long-term experiment comparing no-till with conventional tillage systems across five rotations was evaluated 11 years after initiation. The objectives of the present paper are (1) to report differences in soil chemical properties (namely soil organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and pH) that have resulted by converting from conventional to no-till under contrasting cropping systems and (2) to draw tentative conclusions and recommendations on fertility status and fertilizer use and management. Soil in the no-till system had increased surface soil organic C levels relative to conventional tillage regardless of rotation. In addition, depending on the rotation, the N and P content of the soil improved with no-till compared with conventional tillage. In other words, no-till has helped to retain soil organic matter (SOM), conserved more N, and resulted in increased extractable P and exchangeable K concentrations in the upper root-zone. Hence, wheat produced in a no-till system may receive more nutrients from decomposition of SOM and acidification of the seed zone. It is possible that lesser amounts of fertilizer nutrients will be needed because of the greater efficiency of nutrient cycling in no-till systems relative to conventional systems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Estimation of the day-specific probabilities of conception: current state of the knowledge and the relevance for epidemiological researchPAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 2006Courtney D. Lynch Summary Conception, as defined by the fertilisation of an ovum by a sperm, marks the beginning of human development. Currently, a biomarker of conception is not available; as conception occurs shortly after ovulation, the latter can be used as a proxy for the time of conception. In the absence of serial ultrasound examinations, ovulation cannot be readily visualised leaving researchers to rely on proxy measures of ovulation that are subject to error. The most commonly used proxy measures include: charting basal body temperature, monitoring cervical mucus, and measuring urinary metabolites of oestradiol and luteinising hormone. Establishing the timing of the ovulation and the fertile window has practical utility in that it will assist couples in appropriately timing intercourse to achieve or avoid pregnancy. Identifying the likely day of conception is clinically relevant because it has the potential to facilitate more accurate pregnancy dating, thereby reducing the iatrogenic risks associated with uncertain gestation. Using data from prospective studies of couples attempting to conceive, several researchers have developed models for estimating the day-specific probabilities of conception. Elucidating these will allow researchers to more accurately estimate the day of conception, thus spawning research initiatives that will expand our current limited knowledge about the effect of exposures at critical periconceptional windows. While basal body temperature charting and cervical mucus monitoring have been used with success in field-based studies for many years, recent advances in science and technology have made it possible for women to get instant feedback regarding their daily fertility status by monitoring urinary metabolites of reproductive hormones in the privacy of their own homes. Not only are innovations such as luteinising hormone test kits and digital fertility monitors likely to increase study compliance and participation rates, they provide valuable prospective data that can be used in epidemiological research. Although we have made great strides in estimating the timing and length of the fertile window, more work is needed to elucidate the day-specific probabilities of conception using proxy measures of ovulation that are inherently subject to error. Modelling approaches that incorporate the use of multiple markers of ovulation offer great promise to fill these important data gaps. [source] Signals of female reproductive quality and fertility in colony-living baboons (Papio h. anubis) in relation to ensuring paternal investmentAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2009Agnès Daspre Abstract The fitness of a female's offspring depends cruicially on the traits, genetic and paternal, that the father contributes. As such, females may either have an interest in behaviorally choosing the highest-quality male, or in reliably signaling their fertility status to males. Combining hormonal data on a female's ovulatory fertile window with a behavioral context, we suggest that captive female olive baboons (Papio h. anubis) provide fathers with reliable signals of their fertile period. One signal, the maximum anogenital swelling (AGA), typically coincided with a 4-day fertile window of ovulation, which occurred 2,3 days prior to deturgescence. As expected from previous studies, AGA swelling indicated general attractiveness to males, and males attended to the relative attractiveness of females. Males approached and copulated with females significantly more often during the 4-day window around ovulation, irrespective of the absolute swelling stage. The two adult males present in the group were both able to copulate with consistent partners as at least two cycling females were available in most months; the dominant male was more selective about the timing of his copulations close to ovulation during the maximal swelling phase. Females with ovulatory but nonconceptive cycles were less attractive to males, especially during their maximal AGA swelling phase. Am. J. Primatol. 71:529,538, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Sperm DNA fragmentation in subfertile men: the effect on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and correlation with sperm variablesBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2008James D.M. Nicopoullos OBJECTIVE To present the first UK data on sperm DNA fragmentation levels in subfertile men and fertile controls, the correlation with semen variables, and to assess the effect on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODS In all, 56 subfertile men undergoing ICSI (28 with positive and 28 with a negative outcome for paternity) and 10 control fertile semen donors were recruited. The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was assessed on raw pre-preparation samples using the sperm chromatin structure assay. A mean of 5212 sperm were analysed per sample and DFI data are presented by fertility status, ICSI outcome and correlated with semen variables (assessed using World Health Organisation criteria). RESULTS Total DFI was significantly higher in subfertile men than in fertile controls (mean and median of 22.8% and 17.0% vs 8.4% and 5.0%; P < 0.001), as was the proportion of both moderate DFI (16.4% and 13.0% vs 6.4% and 4.0%; P = 0.001) and high DFI (6.2% and 6.1 vs 2.0% and 1.0%; P = 0.01). This difference remained significant when the control men were compared only with the subfertile men with successful paternity. There was no significant difference in DFI in the subfertile men when analysed by ICSI outcome (mean and median of 24.5% and 17.0% vs 22.3% and 21.0% for successful and unsuccessful cycles, respectively; P = 0.94). There was a positive statistically significant correlation (r = 0.37; P = 0.02) between the DFI and sperm morphology. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a relationship between male subfertility and sperm DFI; we discuss the correct role for genetic testing of sperm in the evaluation of subfertile men. Although DNA fragmentation data might help to decide a suitable treatment, once it is decided to proceed with ICSI, DFI levels have no effect on the outcome. [source] | |||||||||||||