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Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Life Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Juvenile Hormone Binding Protein Titers During Adult Metamorphosis in Manduca sexta

ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2003
Young Jin KANG
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT During the pupal and adult stages, the JHBP levels displayed a sex-related difference, with females showing higher levels than males. A sharp increase in JHBP levels was observed at day 2 of the pupal stage. After day 2 the JHBP titer declined precipitously, and then remained unchanged until day 12 in males. JHBP titers in females decreased slightly after day 2 and then remained relatively constant until day 12. In both sexes, the JHBP levels showed a steep increase and peaked around day 15. During the previtellogenic period, the JHBP titers declined dramatically until adult ecdysis. During early adult stage, JHBP titiers in the female remained constant at preecdysis level. This information could broaden our understanding of pest physiology during adult metamorphosis, and could have extensive implications for developing insect growth regulators to control agricultural pests. [source]

Effect of acute tensile loading on gender-specific tendon structural and mechanical properties

JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009
Katherine E. Burgess
Abstract Stretching is commonly used prior to exercise, as it is thought to reduce the risk of injury, and it is also used in the preconditioning of tendon grafts. As tendon properties have been shown to be different between genders, it is proposed that stretching will differentially affect the structure. Here we examine the effect of acute stretch on the mechanical properties of both male and female medial gastrocnemius tendon. Female [20 years,±,1 (SEM), n,=,17] and male (22 years,±,1, n,=,18) subjects underwent a 5-min passive dorsiflexion stretch. Prior to and post stretch medial gastrocnemius tendon stiffness (K), length (l) and cross-sectional area (csa) were measured using ultrasonography and dynamometry. Stiffness and Young's modulus (,) were significantly reduced with stretch for both genders (p,<,0.05). Females showed significantly (p,<,0.05) greater pre- to poststretch decreases in K (22.4 vs. 8.8%) and , (20.5 vs. 8.4%) in comparison to males. The present results show that stretching acutely reduces stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius tendon in females and males, with females showing significantly greater change. The observed disparity between genders may be due in part to variations in tendon moment arm and intrinsic differences in tendon composition. These differential changes in tendon mechanical properties have functional, motor control, and injury risk implications, as well as possible implications for preconditioning of tendon grafts. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 510,516, 2009 [source]

The socio-economic burden of asthma is substantial in Europe

ALLERGY, Issue 1 2008
S. Accordini
Background: Few data are available on the asthma burden in the general population. We evaluated the level and the factors associated with the asthma burden in Europe. Methods: In 1999,2002, 1152 adult asthmatics were identified in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)-II and the socio-economic burden (reduced activity days and hospital services utilization in the past 12 months) was assessed. Results: The asthmatics with a light burden (only a few reduced activity days) were 13.2% (95% CI: 11.4,15.3%), whereas those with a heavy burden (many reduced activity days and/or hospital services utilization) were 14.0% (95% CI: 12.1,16.1%). The burden was strongly associated with disease severity and a lower quality of life. Obese asthmatics had a significantly increased risk of a light [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.18,4.00] or a heavy burden (RRR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.52,5.05) compared with normal/underweight subjects. The asthmatics with frequent respiratory symptoms showed a threefold (RRR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.63,4.61) and sixfold (RRR = 5.76; 95% CI: 3.25,10.20) increased risk of a light or a heavy burden compared with asymptomatic asthmatics, respectively. Moreover, the lower the forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted, the higher the risk of a heavy burden. The coexistence with chronic cough/phlegm only increased the risk of a heavy burden (RRR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.16,3.06). An interaction was found between gender and IgE sensitization, with nonatopic asthmatic females showing the highest risk of a heavy burden (21.6%; 95% CI: 16.9,27.1%). Conclusions: The asthma burden is substantial in Europe. A heavy burden is more common in asthmatics with obesity, frequent respiratory symptoms, low lung function, chronic cough/phlegm and in nonatopic females. [source]

Implication of Gender Differences in Heroin-Assisted Treatment: Results from the German Randomized Controlled Trial

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS, Issue 4 2010
Francisco José Eiroá-Orosa MSc
Despite a lower prevalence of opioid dependence among females, drug-related problems and risk factors such as prostitution have a negative effect for women in treatment. This study was conducted with the purpose of analyzing gender differences in the German trial on heroin-assisted treatment (HAT), which compared HAT with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Significant baseline gender differences were found, with females showing a greater extent of mental distress. Differences in retention and outcome were significant for male patients, but no differences between treatment options were found for female patients. Ongoing prostitution was found to influence drug use outcomes. Other outcome criteria may need to be stressed when assessing the effect of HAT for women.,(Am J Addict 2010;00:1,7) [source]