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Female Sex Pheromone (female + sex_pheromone)
Selected AbstractsSynthesis of all Four Stereoisomers of Leucomalure, Components of the Female Sex Pheromone of the Satin Moth, Leucoma salicisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2003Shin-etsu Muto Abstract Lipase PS-C(Amano)-catalyzed asymmetric acetylation of (±)-4-(tert -butyldiphenylsilyloxy)- cis -2,3-epoxy-1-butanol afforded the (2R,3S)-epoxy alcohol and the (2S,3R)-epoxyacetate, which were converted into all of the four stereoisomers of leucomalure [(3Z)- cis -6,7- cis -9,10-diepoxy-3-henicosene], the female sex pheromone of the Satin moth, Leucoma salicis. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003) [source] Sex pheromone of apple fruit moth Argyresthia conjugella (Lepidoptera: Argyresthiidae)AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Gunnhild Jaastad Abstract 1,The apple fruit moth Argyresthia conjugella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Argyresthiidae) is the most important pest of apple in Scandinavia. It invades apple orchards and can destroy an entire crop during years of poor flowering and fruitsetting of its principal host, mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia. We investigated the female sex pheromone of apple fruit moth in order to develop a reliable lure, which can be used to detect migration of apple fruit moth into orchards and thus to avoid preventive insecticide sprays. 2,Pheromonal compounds obtained by solvent extraction of excised A. conjugella female pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatography/electroantennography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Two compounds (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, and the analogous alcohol (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, elicited a strong response from male antennae. (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate was highly attractive in field trapping tests, whereas as little as a 1%-addition of (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol strongly reduced male attraction. 3,(Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate, a previously reported sex attractant, had no effect on A. conjugella male attraction. [source] Cowpea weevil flights to a point source of female sex pheromone: analyses of flight tracks at three wind speedsPHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2006L. P. S. Kuenen Abstract., Two-day-old male cowpea weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus, fly upwind to a point source of female sex pheromone at three wind speeds. All beetles initiating flight along the pheromone plume make contact with the pheromone source. Analysis of digitized flight tracks indicates that C. maculatus males respond similarly to moths tested at several wind speeds. Beetles' mean net upwind speeds and speeds along their track are similar (P > 0.05) across wind speeds, whereas airspeeds increase (P < 0.01) with increasing wind speed. Beetles adjust their course angles to fly more directly upwind in higher wind speeds, whereas track angles are almost identical at each wind speed. The zigzag flight paths are generally narrow compared with most moth flight tracks and interturn distances are similar (P > 0.05) at the wind speeds employed. The frequency of these counterturns across the wind line is almost constant regardless of wind speed, and there is little variation between individuals. The upwind flight tracks are more directly upwind than those typically seen for male moths flying upwind toward sex pheromone sources. Male moths typically produce a bimodal distribution of track angles to the left and right of the windline, whereas C. maculatus males' track angles are centred about 0°. Preliminary examination of two other beetle species indicates that they fly upwind in a similar fashion. [source] Behavioural evidence for a female sex pheromone in Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Maria Do Rosário T. De Freitas Abstract., The mating behaviour of Cotesia flavipes Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was observed under laboratory conditions. The results demonstrate that chemical stimuli play an important role in bringing males and females together for mating. Females from this species release chemical compounds to attract males, which exhibit a distinct courtship behaviour divided into three main steps: (i) antennation, (ii) lateral bouncing and (iii) wing fluttering. Ethological tests using hexane extracts from two different parts of the female's body (head plus thorax and abdomen) demonstrate that males are more attracted and also display a courtship behaviour when a filter paper containing hexane extracts from the abdomen is presented to them, indicating that the abdomen is the source of the sex pheromone of this species. Naive males of this species respond to hexane extracts of this gland by displaying courtship behaviour. Furthermore, additional tests show that C. flavipes females mate only once, whereas virgin males do not show any preference for virgin or mated females, suggesting that mated females of this species continue to produce sex attractants after mating. [source] Habituation of sexual response in male Heliothis mothsPHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2000Kevin C. Daly Summary It has been generally hypothesized that habituation mediates the effects of pheromone-based disruption strategies used in the management of moth pests. The current study demonstrates that pheromone-mediated sexual response in the tobacco budworm moth, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), can in fact be modulated by conditions consistent with the production of habituation. An ethogram was used to measure response strength in a wind tunnel experiment where male moths were allowed to respond freely to one of two different blends of female pheromone in 16 trials over 4 days. Post-test measures were collected to investigate stimulus specificity and long-term effects. In conditions appropriate to the formation of habituation, habituation will develop and disrupt male sexual response to female sex pheromone. Males repeatedly exposed to plumes of synthetic pheromone blends display a habituated response lasting up to 96 h. Habituation rate and spontaneous recovery of response strength are greater with less intense stimuli. Additionally, males habituated to one blend express no habituation of sexual response when exposed to a different blend. This indicates a high degree of stimulus specificity, which could facilitate outbreeding, and that moths attend to the configuration of the pheromone blend, not simply to its elements. [source] Sex pheromones and trail-following pheromone in the basal termites Zootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen) and Z. angusticollis (Hagen) (Isoptera: Termopsidae: Termopsinae)BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 3 2010CHRISTIAN BORDEREAU In the context of an evolutionary study of the chemical communication in termites, sex pheromones and trail-following pheromones were investigated in two Termopsidae, Zootermopsis nevadensis and Z. angusticollis. In these species, in which the presence of sex-specific pheromones has been demonstrated previously, the chemical structure of the female sex pheromone has now been identified as (5E)-2,6,10-trimethylundeca-5,9-dienal and the male sex pheromone as (+)- or (,)- syn -4,6-dimethyldodecanal. The amount of sex pheromone was estimated at 5,10 ng per individual in females and 2,5 ng in males. Because these two sympatric species do not differ in their pheromonal chemical composition, reproductive isolation is probably mediated chiefly by differences in dispersal flight chronology. The trail-following pheromone was shown to be composed of the same compound as the male sex pheromone, that is syn -4,6-dimethyldodecanal. The compound syn -4,6-dimethyldodecanal was 10 times more active than the racemic (+/,)- syn + (+/,) -anti -4,6-dimethyldodecanal in eliciting trail-following. The amount of syn -4,6-dimethyldodecanal was estimated at 0.1,0.5 ng per pseudergate. Regarding the phylogenetic aspects, the nature of the female sex pheromone of Zootermopsis is structurally akin to the trail-following pheromone of Mastotermes darwiniensis of Mastotermitidae and Porotermes adamsoni and Stolotermes victoriensis of Termopsidae. Interestingly, the nature of the trail-following pheromone of the Termopsinae Zootermopsis is clearly different from that of the Porotermitinae P. adamsoni and the Stolotermitinae S. victoriensis, which mirrors recent molecular data on the paraphyly of Termopsidae. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 519,530. [source] | ||||||||||