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Female Pelvis (female + pelvis)
Selected AbstractsFunctional MR imaging of the female pelvisJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 6 2007Takashi Koyama MD Abstract Recent developments in MR techniques have magnified the roles and potential of MRI in the female pelvis. This article reviews the techniques and clinical applications of functional MRI (fMRI) of the female pelvis, including cine MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Cine MRI is a useful tool for evaluating uterine contractility, including sustained contraction and peristalsis, in a variety of conditions and gynecologic disorders, and for evaluating pelvic-floor weakness. DWI can demonstrate abnormal signals in pathologic foci based on differences in molecular diffusion. It also enables the quantitative evaluation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which may be useful for distinguishing malignant from benign tissues and monitoring therapeutic outcome. DCE-MRI has the potential to improve tumor detection and local staging, and can also provide quantitative information about perfusion of the tumor, which may be useful for both monitoring therapeutic effects and predicting therapeutic outcome. Understanding the roles played by functional MR techniques in the female pelvic region is beneficial not only for determining clinical applications, but also for developing further investigations with MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1101,1112. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Heritability of bone density: Regional and gender differences in monozygotic twinsJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009Kevin Y. Tse Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of a person's skeletal mineral content, and assessing BMD by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) can help to diagnose diseases of low bone density. In this study, we determine the heritability of BMD in male and female monozygotic twin subjects using DEXA in 13 specific anatomical regions. In an attempt to quantify the genetic contribution of gender and skeletal region to BMD heritability, we scanned 14 pairs of identical twins using DEXA and calculated the broad-sense heritability coefficient (H2) in each of the 13 different body regions. The region of the body that was most heritable for both genders was the head (H2,,,95%). When males were compared to females, H2 values for male hip (H2,=,87%) and lower extremities (H2,=,90%) were higher than those in females (H2,=,49% and 56%, respectively). Conversely, H2 value for the female pelvis (H2,=,68%) was higher than that for males (H2,=,26%). These data show that different regions of the skeleton exhibit different degrees of heritability, and that the variation depends on gender. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:150,154, 2009 [source] Histopathological evaluation of the uterosacral ligament: is this a dependable structure for pelvic reconstruction?BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2006EMILY E. COLE OBJECTIVE To explore, by histological examination, whether the uterosacral ligament complex is an adequate support structure for vaginal vault suspension and other reconstructive procedures of the female pelvis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We dissected 14 fresh hemipelves from seven adult female cadavers. The uterosacral complexes were excised from the pelvic sidewall immediately beneath the uterosacral pedicle. The specimens were stained with connective tissue-specific Movat stain and evaluated microscopically for the presence of collagen and/or elastin. RESULTS Uterosacral tissue similar to that identified during pelvic reconstructive surgery was obtained in all cases. Six of the women had had a hysterectomy. A ligamentous structure with clearly aligned collagen and interspersed elastin was identified in only three specimens, two from one cadaver of a young woman who had not had a hysterectomy. The other specimens had an attenuated, poorly organized layer of collagen immediately beneath the peritoneum. CONCLUSION We could not consistently identify normal ligamentous tissue in the uterosacral complexes. The overwhelming majority of specimens from women who had had a hysterectomy showed disorganized tissue with reduced cellularity. This reinforces doubts about the integrity of these tissues as structural supports in pelvic reconstructive surgery, particularly in elderly women who have had a hysterectomy. [source] | ||||||||||