Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Female Breast Cancer (female + breast_cancer)
Terms modified by Female Breast Cancer Selected AbstractsSecular Trends in the Incidence of Female Breast Cancer in the United States, 1973,1998THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004Kiumarss Nasseri DVM Abstract: , Statistical modeling suggests a causal association between the rapid increase in the incidence of female breast cancer (FBC) in the United States and the widespread use of screening mammography. Additional support for this suggestion is a shift in the stage at diagnosis that consists of an increase in early stage diagnosis followed by a decrease in late-stage diagnosis. This has not been reported in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the secular trends in the incidence of FBC in search of empirical support for this shift. FBC cases in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1973 through 1998 were dichotomized into early and late detection based. Early detection included all the in situ and invasive cases with local spread. Late detection included cases with regional spread and distant metastasis. Joinpoint segmented regression modeling was used for trend analysis. Early detection in white and black women followed a similar pattern of significant increase in the early 1980s that continued through 1998 with slight modification in 1987. The expected shift in stage was noticed only for white women when the incidence of late detection in them began to decline in 1987. The incidence of late detection in black women has remained stable. These results provide further support for the previously implied causal association between the use of screening mammography and the increased incidence of FBC in the United States. It also shows that the expected stage shift appeared in white women 50,69 years of age after an estimated detection lead time (DLT) of about 5 years. This is the first estimate of DLT in the United States that is based on actual data. The subsequent increase in late detection in white women since 1993 may be due to changes in case management and the increased use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) rather than changes in the etiology or biology of FBC., [source] The relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overviewADDICTION, Issue 5 2010Jürgen Rehm ABSTRACT Aims As part of a larger study to estimate the global burden of disease and injury attributable to alcohol: to evaluate the evidence for a causal impact of average volume of alcohol consumption and pattern of drinking on diseases and injuries; to quantify relationships identified as causal based on published meta-analyses; to separate the impact on mortality versus morbidity where possible; and to assess the impact of the quality of alcohol on burden of disease. Methods Systematic literature reviews were used to identify alcohol-related diseases, birth complications and injuries using standard epidemiological criteria to determine causality. The extent of the risk relations was taken from meta-analyses. Results Evidence of a causal impact of average volume of alcohol consumption was found for the following major diseases: tuberculosis, mouth, nasopharynx, other pharynx and oropharynx cancer, oesophageal cancer, colon and rectum cancer, liver cancer, female breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use disorders, unipolar depressive disorders, epilepsy, hypertensive heart disease, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, conduction disorders and other dysrhythmias, lower respiratory infections (pneumonia), cirrhosis of the liver, preterm birth complications and fetal alcohol syndrome. Dose,response relationships could be quantified for all disease categories except for depressive disorders, with the relative risk increasing with increased level of alcohol consumption for most diseases. Both average volume and drinking pattern were linked causally to IHD, fetal alcohol syndrome and unintentional and intentional injuries. For IHD, ischaemic stroke and diabetes mellitus beneficial effects were observed for patterns of light to moderate drinking without heavy drinking occasions (as defined by 60+ g pure alcohol per day). For several disease and injury categories, the effects were stronger on mortality compared to morbidity. There was insufficient evidence to establish whether quality of alcohol had a major impact on disease burden. Conclusions Overall, these findings indicate that alcohol impacts many disease outcomes causally, both chronic and acute, and injuries. In addition, a pattern of heavy episodic drinking increases risk for some disease and all injury outcomes. Future studies need to address a number of methodological issues, especially the differential role of average volume versus drinking pattern, in order to obtain more accurate risk estimates and to understand more clearly the nature of alcohol,disease relationships. [source] Frequent amplification and overexpression of CCND1 in male breast cancerINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2004Maarit Bärlund Abstract Genetic events underlying the pathogenesis of breast cancer have been studied extensively and several clinically significant markers have been identified. For example, amplification and overexpression of the ERBB2 oncogene is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and ERBB2 serves as a target for antibody-based therapy. Current knowledge on the pathogenesis of male breast cancer (MBC) is limited. The purpose of our study was to investigate the potential relevance of a series of genes known to be amplified in female breast cancer (FBC) in a the development and pathogenesis of MBC. To this end, we applied fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to the analysis of 128 breast tumors from males. Amplification of ERBB2, MYC, PPM1D and ZNF217 was detected rarely (1,2% of tumors) indicating a considerably lower amplification frequency than in FBC. CCND1 amplification was observed in 12% of cases, being in good concordance with findings from FBC. In addition, CCND1 overexpression was detected in 63% of tumors and was associated with ER positivity (p < 0.0001). Our results indicate distinct differences in the genetic basis of MBC and FBC and suggest that marked differences exist in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The lack of ERBB2 involvement was especially unexpected and implies that ERBB2 -targeted therapies are unlikely to be beneficial in MBC. Furthermore, the high frequency of hormone receptor positivity and the association between ER positivity and CCND1 overexpression supports the notion that hormonal regulation is likely to be essential for the development of MBC. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Correlation of Her-2/neu Gene Amplification with Other Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Female Breast CarcinomaTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 4 2005Reshma Ariga MD Abstract: , The purpose of this study was to determine if any relationship exists between Her-2/neu gene amplification and estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), MIB-1, grade, size and age in female breast cancer. Five hundred and eighteen female patients with invasive breast carcinoma, 390 ductal and 128 lobular, in which assessment of Her-2/neu amplification by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has been performed, were reviewed retrospectively. Each patient was further assessed for ER, PR, MIB-1, grade, size and age at diagnosis. Chi-square analysis was then used to correlate the above observations. Overall gene amplification was seen in 76 (15%) of the cases, 68 (17%) were ductal and 8 (6%) were lobular. Her-2/neu gene was amplified in 37 (10%) out of 379 ER positive cases and in 39 (28%) out of 139 ER negative cases. Her-2/neu was amplified in 22 (7%) out of 301 PR positive cases and in 54 (25%) out of 217 PR negative cases. Amplification occurred in 18 (8%) out of 222 negative MIB-1 cases and amplified in 58 (20%) out of 296 positive cases. Amplification was seen in 5 (10%) out of 49 grade I tumors, 17 (12%) out of 143 grade II tumors and 54 (27%) out of 198 grade III tumors. Lobular carcinomas were not graded. Amplification was present in 52 (15%) out of 346 T1 lesions, in 17 (13%) out of 130 T2 lesions, in 5 (17%) out of 30 T3 lesions and in 2 (17%) out of 12 T4 lesions. Her-2/neu was amplified in 67 (14%) out of 467 woman 41 years and older, and in 9 (18%) out of 51 women 40 years and younger. Comparison of these frequencies using chi-square test revealed statistically significant correlation between Her-2/neu amplification and ductal versus lobular carcinoma (p < 0.0003), ER (p = 0.0001) and PR (p < 0.0001) negative tumors, over-expression of MIB-1 (p < 0.0005) and high tumor grade (p = 0.0009), while size of the tumor (p = 0.08) and age of the patients (p = 0.67) were not statistically significant. Correlation was found between Her-2/neu amplification and tumor type, high histological grade, ER and PR negative tumors, and high proliferative MIB-1 index. No correlation was found between size of the tumor and age of the patient with Her-2/neu amplification. [source] Secular Trends in the Incidence of Female Breast Cancer in the United States, 1973,1998THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004Kiumarss Nasseri DVM Abstract: , Statistical modeling suggests a causal association between the rapid increase in the incidence of female breast cancer (FBC) in the United States and the widespread use of screening mammography. Additional support for this suggestion is a shift in the stage at diagnosis that consists of an increase in early stage diagnosis followed by a decrease in late-stage diagnosis. This has not been reported in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the secular trends in the incidence of FBC in search of empirical support for this shift. FBC cases in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1973 through 1998 were dichotomized into early and late detection based. Early detection included all the in situ and invasive cases with local spread. Late detection included cases with regional spread and distant metastasis. Joinpoint segmented regression modeling was used for trend analysis. Early detection in white and black women followed a similar pattern of significant increase in the early 1980s that continued through 1998 with slight modification in 1987. The expected shift in stage was noticed only for white women when the incidence of late detection in them began to decline in 1987. The incidence of late detection in black women has remained stable. These results provide further support for the previously implied causal association between the use of screening mammography and the increased incidence of FBC in the United States. It also shows that the expected stage shift appeared in white women 50,69 years of age after an estimated detection lead time (DLT) of about 5 years. This is the first estimate of DLT in the United States that is based on actual data. The subsequent increase in late detection in white women since 1993 may be due to changes in case management and the increased use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) rather than changes in the etiology or biology of FBC., [source] Bilateral Orbital Metastases as the Presenting Finding in a Male Patient with Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 3 2000Michael Stuntz MD Abstract: Breast cancer in men has traditionally been thought to be substantially different from that in women. As more becomes known about this relatively rare entity, the similarities between genders become more striking than the differences. Carcinoma of the male breast is an uncommon disease occurring in less than 1% of all breast cancers. Male breast carcinoma is staged similarly to female breast cancer using the American Joint Committee Clinical Staging System. As in women, axillary nodal status is the strongest predictor of outcome. Distant metastasis to bones, soft tissue, lungs, and liver have been widely reported in men with breast cancer. This case report provides a rather rare presentation of a man with breast carcinoma with bilateral orbital metastasis as an initial clinical presentation. [source] Male breast cancer: Progress, prognosis and future pathwaysASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Kathryn M FIELD Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most commonly treated malignancies worldwide, but is rare in males. Less than one percent of all breast cancers occur in men, and breast cancer comprises less than one percent of all male malignancies. Thus, clinical experience in managing this condition is limited. In contrast to female breast cancer, much remains unknown about breast cancer in males. While there are similarities between the two, emerging data suggest that there are perhaps more differences than previously thought. Nevertheless, much of how males with breast cancer are managed continues to be extrapolated from randomised trials performed in females, due to lack of data in the male population alone. Another poorly understood aspect is the psychological impact experienced by male patients when diagnosed with what is generally thought of as a female malignancy. This review will discuss the known epidemiology, demographics, risk factors and genetic predispositions surrounding the development of breast cancer in males; as well as current surgical and radiotherapeutic interventional techniques. Histological profiles and subtypes as well as hormone receptor and HER-2 receptor status are also discussed, with an overview of chemotherapy and hormonal strategies in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings. [source] Occupational magnetic field exposures of garment workers: Results of personal and survey measurementsBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 5 2003Michael A. Kelsh Abstract To explore the feasibility of performing an epidemiologic study of female breast cancer and magnetic field (MF) exposures, we chose to study garment workers, who reportedly have some of the highest MF exposures. We collected personal exposure (PE, n,=,48) and survey measurements (n,=,77) near commercial sewing machines at three garment facilities and conducted a pilot interview among 25 garment workers asking about exposure duration, activities, and machine characteristics. MF levels were higher for older machines with alternating current (AC) than newer machines with direct current (DC) motors. MF levels were comparable for both idling and sewing activities. Most interviewed workers could describe duration of exposure and machine type (automatic/manual), but not other machine characteristics. Measurements were lower than previously reported for garment workers but were higher than exposures to most women. A historical exposure assessment can be conducted by linking duration of exposure with reconstructed exposure measurements but may be limited by the accuracy of work history data. Bioelectromagnetics 24:316-326, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] MLE and Bayesian Inference of Age-Dependent Sensitivity and Transition Probability in Periodic ScreeningBIOMETRICS, Issue 4 2005Dongfeng Wu Summary This article extends previous probability models for periodic breast cancer screening examinations. The specific aim is to provide statistical inference for age dependence of sensitivity and the transition probability from the disease free to the preclinical state. The setting is a periodic screening program in which a cohort of initially asymptomatic women undergo a sequence of breast cancer screening exams. We use age as a covariate in the estimation of screening sensitivity and the transition probability simultaneously, both from a frequentist point of view and within a Bayesian framework. We apply our method to the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York study of female breast cancer and give age-dependent sensitivity and transition probability density estimates. The inferential methodology we develop is also applicable when analyzing studies of modalities for early detection of other types of progressive chronic diseases. [source] | ||||||||||