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Fecal Flora (fecal + flora)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	62%

Selected Abstracts

Effect of Pectin Enhancement on Plasma Quercetin and Fecal Flora in Rutin-Supplemented Mice

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 9 2007
M. Tamura
ABSTRACT:, Few reports have considered the effects of dietary fiber on plasma quercetin and the intestinal flora. We investigated the effects of pectin on the plasma and fecal flora of mice fed a diet supplemented with the quercetin glycoside rutin. Male mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, which were fed a pectin,rutin (PR) or cellulose,rutin (CR) diet for 14 d. Plasma quercetin and isorhamnetin metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Feces were immediately processed with bacteriological procedures. The fecal flora was investigated. Plasma quercetin and isorhamnetin concentrations were significantly higher in the PR diet group, as was the plasma isorhamnetin/quercetin ratio. The composition of the intestinal flora differed between the 2 dietary groups. The total number of fecal bacteria was significantly larger in the PR group, in which most types of bacteria were more abundant, with the exceptions of bifidobacteria, fusiform-shaped bacteria, and staphylococci. The lower gut seemed to be the major absorption site for rutin. Pectin might thus enhance the bioavailability of quercetin from rutin by altering the metabolic activity of the intestinal flora and/or gut physiological function. [source]

Common biostructure of the fecal flora in celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and carcinoid tumors

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 11 2008
Yvonne Döerffel
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Active Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can be specifically diagnosed and monitored based on the biostructure of the fecal flora

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 2 2008
Alexander Swidsinski MD
Abstract Background: The intestinal microflora is important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The impact of its spatial organization on health and disease is unknown. Methods: We investigated sections of paraffin-embedded punched fecal cylinders. Fluctuations in spatial distribution of 11 bacterial groups were monitored in healthy subjects (n = 32), patients with IBD (n = 204), and other gastrointestinal diseases (n = 186) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: The microbial structure differed in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy and disease controls. The profiles of CD and UC were distinctly opposite in 6 of 11 FISH probes used. Most prominent were a depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Fprau<1 × 109/mL) with a normal leukocyte count in CD and a massive increase of leukocytes in the fecal-mucus transition zone (>30 leukocytes/104,m2) with high Fprau in patients with UC. These 2 features alone enabled the recognition of active CD (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] >150) or UC (Clinical Activity Index [CAI] >3) with 79%/80% sensitivity and 98%/100% specificity. The mismatch in the sensitivity was mainly due to overlap between single IBD entities, and the specificity was exclusively due to the similarity of Crohn's and celiac disease. When inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients were pooled the sensitivity was 100% for severe disease, 84% for moderate activity, 72% for IBD with ,12 months remission, and 24% for IBD with >12 months remission. Conclusions: The fecal flora is highly structured and spatially organized. Diagnosing IBD and monitoring disease activity can be performed based on analysis of punched fecal cylinders independent from the patient's complaints. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007) [source]

Effect of Pectin Enhancement on Plasma Quercetin and Fecal Flora in Rutin-Supplemented Mice

Limited genetic diversity of Candida albicans in fecal flora of healthy volunteers and inpatients: a proposed basis for strain homogeneity in clinical isolates

MYCOSES, Issue 9-10 2002
R. Khatib
Candida albicans; Gastrointestinalflora; Molekulare Typisierung Summary. Molecular analysis of Candida albicans isolates from individual patients often yields a single strain at multiple sites. Whether this strain-limitation is due to virulence factors favoring the invasive strain or to lack of genetic diversity in the gastrointestinal reservoir is uncertain. We elected to study C. albicans genotypes in the fecal flora among healthy volunteers and inpatients. Self-obtained stool swabs or stool samples were cultured on inhibitory mold agar. From each subject with C. albicans, nine colonies were randomly selected, individually propagated, and typed utilizing random amplified polymorphic DNA. Colonies were considered identical (all bands matched), related variants (one to three unique bands), or distinct strains (more than three unique bands). Analysis showed a single clone in 33/43 (76.7%) volunteers and 6/18 (33.3%) inpatients (P = 0.018), two to four related variants in eight (18.6%) volunteers and 10 (55.6%) inpatients, and two distinct strains in two volunteers (4.6%) and two inpatients (11.1%). Strain variation was more common in females (33.5 versus 5.6%; P = 0.04) and tended to increase with age (r = 0.245, P = 0.06). These findings illustrate that most healthy subjects harbor a single strain of C. albicans in the fecal flora. This strain may undergo genetic evolution leading to minor clonal variations. The mechanisms for strain selection, maintenance and possible evolution remain to be delineated. Zusammenfassung. Molekularanalysen von Candida albicans -Isolaten von individuellen Patienten zeigen oft einen individuellen Stamm an mehreren Lokalisationen. Ob diese Beschränkung auf einer Förderung durch Virulenzfaktoren des beherbergten Stammes oder auf einem Mangel an genetischer Diversität im Gastrointestinaltrakt beruht, ist unbekannt. Wir untersuchten daher die C. albicans Genotypen in der Fäkalflora von Gesunden und von Krankenhauspatienten. Selbstgewonnene Stuhlabstriche und Stuhlproben wurden auf einem schimmelpilzhemmenden Nährmedium kultiviert. Von jedem Probanden wurden 9 Kolonien randomisiert ausgewählt, individuell subkultiviert und RAPD-typisiert. Die Kolonien wurden wie folgt bewertet: klonal identisch: sämtliche Banden identisch; klonal verwandt: 1,3 Banden nicht identisch; klonal unterschiedlich: >,3 Banden nicht identisch. Die Analyse zeigte Klonidentität bei 33/43 (77%) Gesunden und 6/18 (33%) bei Hospitalisierten (P = 0.018); Klonverwandtschaft wurde bei 8 (19%) Gesunden und 10 (56%) Hospitalisierten gefunden und zwei Hospitalisierten (11%). Klonvariation war häufiger bei Frauen (33.5 vs. 5.6%; P = 0.04) und nahm mit dem Lebensalter zu (r = 0.245, P = 0.06). Diese Resultate belegen, dass die Mehrzahl Gesunder jeweils nur einen Stamm in der Fäkalflora beherbergt. Dieser kann genetisch geringgradig klonal variieren. Die hierbei wirksamen Mechanismen bedürfen noch der Aufklärung. [source]

Phylogenetic analysis of the fecal flora of the wild pygmy loris

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 8 2010
Xu Bo
Abstract The bacterial diversity in fecal samples from the wild pygmy loris was examined with a 16S rDNA clone library and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The clones were classified as Firmicutes (43.1%), Proteobacteria (34.5%), Actinobacteria (5.2%), and Bacteroidetes (17.2%). The 58 different kinds of 16S rDNA sequences were classified into 16 genera and 20 uncultured bacteria. According to phylogenetic analysis, the major genera within the Proteobacteria was Pseudomonas, comprising 13.79% of the analyzed clone sequences. Many of the isolated rDNA sequences did not correspond to known microorganisms, but had high homology to uncultured clones found in human feces. Am. J. Primatol. 72:699,706, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Reproducing the bifidogenic effect of human milk in formula-fed infants: Why and how?

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2005
Guido E Moro
Abstract Awareness of the key role of the intestinal microflora in the generation of the immunophysiological regulation and in the defence against pathogenic agents has attracted our interest in ways of manipulating the microbiota to improve health. Dietary modulation of the intestinal microflora is today one of the main topics of interest in the nutritional sciences. Performing this modulation in the neonatal or early infancy period, when immunological programming takes place, is a relatively new concept. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotics whose bifidogenic activity has been proven in adults. However, only recently have they been combined in infant formulas to reproduce the prebiotic effect of human milk oligosaccharides. In two consecutive trials, it has been demonstrated that supplementation of infant formulas with a mixture of GOS and FOS modified the fecal flora of term and preterm infants, stimulating the growth of Bifidobacteria. In the trial with term infants, the bifidogenic effect of the prebiotic mixture was dose dependent and there was also a significant increase in the number of Lactobacilli in the supplemented group. These findings offer a promising horizon for the early prevention of allergy and infections in infants. [source]