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Fall

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences47%
Life Sciences12%
Humanities and Social Sciences10%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting9%
Earth and Environmental Science7%
Engineering3%
Chemistry3%
Physics and Astronomy3%
6 Other Domains6%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Geriatric Medicine21%
Nursing General6%
Neurology4%
75 Other Subdomains65%

Kinds of Fall

  • accidental fall
  • injurious fall
  • inpatient fall
  • leaf fall
  • leaf litter fall
  • level fall
    		•
  • litter fall
  • multiple fall
  • patient fall
  • pressure fall
  • preventing fall
  • previous fall
    		•
  • price fall
  • rate fall
  • recent fall
  • recurrent fall
  • relative sea-level fall
  • rock fall
    		•
  • sea-level fall
  • sharp fall
  • significant fall

    • Terms modified by Fall

  • fall history
  • fall incidence
  • fall injury
    		•
  • fall migration
  • fall prevention
  • fall prevention strategy
    		•
  • fall rate
  • fall risk
  • fall risk assessment tool
    		•
  • fall risk factor
  • fall short

    • Selected Abstracts

    BEARING WITNESS: TOBACCO, PUBLIC HEALTH AND HISTORY THE CIGARETTE CENTURY: THE RISE, FALL AND DEADLY PERSISTENCE OF THE PRODUCT THAT DEFINED AMERICA.

    ADDICTION, Issue 7 2009
    2000., Edited by A.M. Brandt MARKETING HEALTH: SMOKING AND THE DISCOURSE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN BRITAIN
    First page of article [source]

    THE NEW ZEALAND PRESS ASSOCIATION 1880,2006: THE RISE AND FALL OF A CO-OPERATIVE MODEL FOR NEWS GATHERING

    AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 1 2008
    Article first published online: 6 FEB 200, Grant Hannis
    co-operatives; monopoly; New Zealand; news media; transaction costs The establishment of New Zealand's press agency, the New Zealand Press Association (NZPA), as a co-operative news gathering agency in 1880 has traditionally been regarded as reflecting a pioneering spirit of newspaper unity or as being largely determined by the political situation of the time. But these explanations are insufficient. Applying economic and organisational theories of co-operatives to the history of NZPA, this paper reveals it was market conditions that led to the creation of NZPA as a co-operative news gathering service. Following profound changes in those market conditions, NZPA recently abandoned this co-operative news gathering model. [source]

    PREDICTING INJURY FROM FALLS IN OLDER ADULTS: COMPARISON OF VOLUNTARY STEP REACTION TIMES IN INJURED AND NONINJURED FALLERS,A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 4 2009
    Itshak Melzer PhD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    INTERVENTIONS FOR PREVENTING FALLS IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC CARE HOSPITALS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2008
    Niloufar Hadidi APRN
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    FIVE TIMES SIT TO STAND TEST IS A PREDICTOR OF RECURRENT FALLS IN HEALTHY COMMUNITY-LIVING SUBJECTS AGED 65 AND OLDER

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 8 2008
    Severine Buatois PhD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    GERIATRIC PATIENTS' MOBILITY STATUS AS REFLECTED BY THE RELEVANT ITEMS OF THE BARTHEL INDEX AND IN-HOSPITAL FALLS

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 6 2006
    Wolfgang Von Renteln-Kruse MD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    FUNCTIONAL DENTAL OCCLUSION MAY PREVENT FALLS IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2005
    Mitsuyoshi Yoshida DDS
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Animated instructional software for mechanics of materials: Implementation and assessment

    COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 1 2006
    Timothy A. Philpot
    Abstract During the past 3 years, the Basic Engineering Department at the University of Missouri, Rolla has been developing a second-generation suite of instructional software called MecMovies for the Mechanics of Materials course. The MecMovies suite consists of over 110 animated example problems, drill-and-practice games, and interactive exercises. Students generally respond favorably to software of this type; however, much of the data that has been gathered to assess the effectiveness of similar software has been anecdotal. The method by which instructional software is incorporated into the engineering class is partly responsible for this lack of systematic evaluation. Often, software packages have been implemented in the classroom as supplemental material,recommended but not required. In the Fall 2003 semester, MecMovies was integrated thoroughly into the course assignments for one of the six UMR Mechanics of Materials sections. Four professors were involved in the study, and student performance in the experimental MecMovies section was compared to performance in the five control sections through a common final exam. At the end of the semester, students who used the MecMovies software also completed a survey questionnaire consisting of a number of subjective rating items. This paper presents a comparison of student performance in the experimental and control sections along with discussion of student qualitative ratings and comments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 31,43, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20065 [source]

    Corporate Governance , USA , Fall 2004 Reform , The Wrong Way and the Right Way

    CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, Issue 2 2005
    Robert A. G. Monks
    First page of article [source]

    Single Question about Drunkenness to Detect College Students at Risk for Injury

    ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 6 2006
    Mary Claire O'Brien MD
    Abstract Objectives: To examine the frequency of injuries reported by college students who replied affirmatively to the question, "In a typical week, how many days do you get drunk?" Methods: In Fall 2003, a Web-based survey was administered to a stratified random sample of 3,909 college students from ten North Carolina (NC) universities. Students answered questions regarding alcohol use and its consequences. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression, controlling for within-school clustering of drinking behaviors and adjusting for other significant covariates. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for significant predictors (p < 0.05). Results: Two thousand four hundred eighty-eight students reported that they are current drinkers; 1,353 (54.4%) reported getting drunk at least once in a typical week. Compared with students who did not report getting drunk at least once a week, these students had higher odds of being hurt or injured at least once as a result of their own drinking (AOR = 4.97; 95% CI = 3.47 to 7.09), experiencing a fall from a height that required medical treatment (AOR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.36 to 3.43), and being taken advantage of sexually as a result of another's drinking (AOR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.72 to 3.89). Students who reported getting drunk at least one day in a typical week also were more likely to cause an injury requiring medical treatment to someone else. They had higher odds of causing injury in an automobile crash (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.01 to 3.40), of causing a burn that required medical treatment (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.51 to 5.39), and of causing a fall from a height that required medical treatment (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.01 to 4.04). Getting drunk was a better indicator of "self-experienced injury" and of "injury caused to someone else" than was binge drinking, for all outcomes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The single question, "In a typical week, how many days do you get drunk?" identifies college students who are at higher than normal risk of injury as a result of their own drinking and the drinking of others. Future research should assess this question's effectiveness as a screening tool in campus health centers and in emergency departments. [source]

    Die Koordinierungsstelle für die harmonisierte europäische Normung im Bereich der Bauproduktenrichtlinie im DIBt.

    DIBT MITTEILUNGEN (FORMERLY-MITTEILUNGEN DEUT INST FUER BAUTECHNIK), Issue 2 2006
    Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Zusammenhang mit harmonisierten europäischen Normen
    Vor inzwischen mehr als drei Jahren wurde beim DIBt die Koordinierungsstelle für die Mitarbeit der Bauaufsicht in der harmonisierten europäischen Normung nach der Bauproduktenrichtlinie (BPR) eingerichtet , Zeit genug, um etliche Erfahrungen mit solchen harmonisierten Normen zu sammeln. Zweimal wurde über solche Erfahrungen bereits berichtet (siehe "DIBt Mitteilungen", Hefte Nr. 4/2004 und Nr. 1/2005). Der erste Bericht stellte vor allem die Aufgaben der Koordinierungsstelle vor und ging insofern auf die bisher gemachten Erfahrungen mit harmonisierten Normen nach BPR und mit deren Mängeln ein, als ein Merkblatt für die Mitarbeit von Vertretern der Bauaufsicht an der harmonisierten Normung vorgestellt wurde, dass diese Erfahrungen widerspiegelt. Der zweite Bericht hat dann diese Erfahrungen konkreter und an Beispielen ausgeführt. Dieser dritte Beitrag kann zu den oben genannten Punkten nichts Neues bieten , insbesondere leider keine Erfahrungen mit grundlegenden Verbesserungen im Bereich der harmonisierten Normung. Im Gegenteil, das letzte Jahr war gekennzeichnet durch zwei von Deutschland über die deutsche Delegation im Ständigen Ausschuss für das Bauwesen (StAB) eingeleitete Verfahren nach Artikel 5 Absatz 1 der Bauproduktenrichtlinie. Dieses Verfahren hat die offizielle Zurückziehung der Referenz für harmonisierte Normen zum Ziel mit der Folge, dass diese Normen nicht mehr den Status von harmonisierten Normen haben. Ein weiteres Verfahren wurde von der französischen Delegation eingeleitet. Ein zweiter Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags ist die neue Form der Bekanntmachungen von harmonisierten Normen in der Reihe C des Amtsblatts der EU. Erstmals am 8. Juni 2005 haben die Dienste der Kommission in der Nr. C 139 des Amtsblatts eine konsolidierte Liste aller harmonisierten Normen bekannt gemacht. Die europäische Normungsorganisation CEN (Comit, Europ,en de Normalisation) hatte im Frühjahr 2005 den Kommissionsdiensten zugesagt, in Zukunft alle 3 Monate eine solche Liste zu liefern, so dass eigentlich davon auszugehen war, dass im gleichen Abstand eine entsprechende Bekanntmachung im Amtsblatt der EU erfolgt. Dies ist jedoch bisher nicht der Fall; die zweite und bisher letzte Bekanntmachung dieser Art erfolgte im Amtsblatt der EU Nr. C 319 vom 14. Dezember 2005. Die Kommission gibt am Ende dieser Bekanntmachungen den Hinweis, dass sie jeweils alle vorherigen Bekanntmachungen harmonisierter Normen nach BPR ersetzen. [source]

    The use of the green fluorescent protein as a biomarker for sapstain fungi

    FOREST PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2002
    S. LEE
    To understand wood colonization by sapstain fungi and their potential biocontrol agents, it is necessary to differentiate these organisms directly on their natural substrates. In the present study the feasibility of transforming with the green fluorescent protein (GFP), the sapstain fungus Ophiostoma piceae and a potential biocontrol agent Cartapip®, an Ophiostoma piliferum albino strain was assessed. Transformants of the two fungal species were screened by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses. The GFP was expressed in spores, synnemata and mycelia of the transformants grown in artificial media or wood. The growth, pigmentation and wood colonization of the transformants were similar to that of the non-transformants, suggesting that the presence of the gfp gene had no negative effect on the biology of the transformants. Using fluorescence and confocal microscopy, the GFP-expressing fungi were easily differentiated from the wild-type strains and other fungal species in wood, even 4 months after inoculation. The results show that the use of the GFP system is feasible to monitor Ophiostoma fungi in wood. Utilisation de la protéine fluorescente verte (GFP) comme marqueur biologique des champignons de bleuissement du bois Pour comprendre la colonisation du bois par les champignons de bleuissement et par les agents de lutte biologique potentiels, il est nécessaire de distinguer ces organismes directement dans leur substrat naturel. Nous avons évalué la possibilité de transformation par la protéine fluorescente verte (GFP) du champignon de bleuissement Ophiostoma piceae et d'une souche albinos de Ophiostoma piliferum, agent de lutte biologique potentiel Cartapip®. Des transformants des deux espèces fongiques ont été triés par analyses PCR et Southern blot. La GFP a été exprimée dans les spores, les synnemas et le mycélium des transformants cultivés sur milieux artificiels et sur bois. Avec les transformants, la croissance, la pigmentation et la colonisation du bois étaient semblables à celles des non transformants, ce qui suggère que la présence du gène gfp n'a pas d'effet négatif sur la biologie des transformants. Par microscopie confocale à fluorescence, les champignons exprimant la GFP ont été facilement distingués des souches de type sauvage et d'autres espèces fongiques dans le bois, même 4 mois après inoculation. Nos résultats montrent que l'utilisation de la GFP est possible pour suivre les Ophiostoma dans le bois. Verwendung des Grünen Fluoreszenzproteins als Biomarker für Bläuepilze Um die Besiedelung von Holz durch Bläuepilze und ihre möglichen Antagonisten zu verstehen, muss man diese Organismen direkt auf ihrem natürlichen Substrat unterscheiden können. Es wurde überprüft, ob sich der Bläuepilze Ophiostoma piceae und der mögliche Antagonist Cartapip®, ein Albinostamm von Ophiostoma piliferum, mit dem Grünen Fluoreszenzprotein (GFP) transformieren lassen. Transformierte Stämme der beiden Pilzarten wurden mit PCR und Southern Blot Analysen untersucht. Das GFP wurde in Sporen, Synnemata und Myzelien der transformierten Stämme exprimiert. Dies war auf künstlichen Medien ebenso wie auf Holz der Fall. Wachstum, Pigmentierung und Holzbesiedelung waren bei den transformierten Stämmen ähnlich wie bei den nichttransformierten; somit dürfte die Präsenz des gfpGens keine negativen Auswirkungen auf die Biologie der transformierten Stämme haben. Mit Hilfe der Fluoreszenz- und Konfokal-Mikroskopie konnten die GFP exprimierenden Pilze leicht von den Wildtyp-Stämmen und anderen Pilzarten auf Holz unterschieden werden. Dies war auch noch vier Monate nach der Inokulation der Fall. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das GFP-System zur Beobachtung von Ophiostoma -Arten im Holz geeignet ist. [source]

    Run Out of Landslides , Continuum Mechanics versus Discontinuum Mechanics Models

    GEOMECHANICS AND TUNNELLING, Issue 5 2008
    Rainer Poisel a.o.Univ.-Prof.
    In general, a rock slope failure leads to the detachment of a rock mass consisting of a mass of blocks. During the last few years continuum mechanics as well as discontinuum mechanics numerical codes have been developed for modelling the run out of these masses. In order to compare both methods, Punta Thurwieser Rock Avalanche and Frank Slide were modelled by the continuum mechanics numerical code DAN3D as well as by the distinct element method PFC3D modified for run out modelling. The simulations showed that the parameters necessary to get results coinciding with observations in nature are completely different and that Frank run out was a real "slide" of a coherent mass, whereas Punta Thurwieser run out was a rock mass fall with much internal movement. The parameters for a run out simulation, therefore, have to be chosen in such a way that the simulation gives a rock mass fall in one particular case and a slide of a coherent mass in another, corresponding to the real conditions. Therefore, the prediction of the run out kinematics and the fixing of the parameters is a demanding task in each case when modelling run outs. Bergstürze , Vergleich kontinuumsmechanische und diskontinuumsmechanische Rechenmodelle Das Versagen von Felsböschungen und Talflanken führt meist zur Ablösung einer Masse von Blöcken. In den letzten Jahren wurden sowohl kontinuumsmechanische als auch diskontinuumsmechanische Rechenmodelle für die Simulation des Absturzvorgangs solcher Massen entwickelt. Anhand der Modellierung der Bergstürze Punta Thurwieser und Frank Slide mittels DAN3D und PFC3D werden die genannten Ansätze verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die für eine realitätsnahe Modellierung erforderlichen Parameter stark unterscheiden. Während der Frank Slide als weitgehend kohärente Masse abging, war der Bergsturz Punta Thurwieser ein stark turbulenter Trümmerstrom. Die Parameter für die rechnerische Modellierung eines Bergsturzes müssen daher im einen Fall so gewählt werden, dass sich , je nach realen Verhältnissen , eine "laminare" Bewegung, im anderen Fall aber so, dass sich eine turbulente Bewegung ergibt. Die Vorhersage der Kinematik eines Bergsturzes und die darauf aufbauende Auswahl von Rechenparametern stellt daher eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe dar. [source]

    Creating Democracy's Good Losers: The Rise, Fall and Return of Parliamentary Disorder in Post-war Japan*

    GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 1 2004
    Eugene L. Wolfe
    ABSTRACT ,Good losers', legislators willing to play by parliamentary rules, even at the cost of defeat, are a microfoundation of democracy. Yet how they are created has not been adequately explained. Theories focusing on institutions, evolving norms, electoral incentives and ideology do not account for the case of post-war Japan, where deliberate disorder was common in the 1950s and 1960s, absent in the 1970s and 1980s, and returned in the 1990s. This paper highlights the importance of the legislative majority's behaviour in encouraging procedural compliance through the provision of informal mechanisms of consultation and compromise. The lack of such mechanisms also explains periods of parliamentary disorder in other countries. [source]

    A Shattered Nation: The Rise & Fall of the Confederacy, 1861,1868 By Anne Sarah Rubin

    HISTORY, Issue 304 2006
    WILLIAM B. FEIS
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Sir Robert Walpole after his Fall from Power, 1742,1745

    HISTORY, Issue 302 2006
    JONATHAN OATES
    It is often assumed that Sir Robert Walpole's career in politics ended with his ceasing to be chief minister in 1742. During his remaining years, however, he continued to exert political influence by bolstering and advising the government, especially in 1743,4. Even without political office, he was still seen as the fount of patronage. He was also able to pursue his other interests in this time and enjoyed favour with both King George II and his former political colleagues. Yet his health, never good, deteriorated rapidly towards the end of 1744 and he died bravely in the spring of the following year. [source]

    Joseph Kinmont Hart and Vanderbilt University: Academic Freedom and the Rise and Fall of a Department of Education, 1930,1934

    HISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2003
    Deron R. Boyles
    No one can follow the history of academic freedom, without wondering at the fact that any society, interested in the immediate goals of solidarity and self-preservation, should possess the vision to subsidize free criticism and inquiry, and without feeling that the academic freedom we still possess is one of the remarkable achievements of man. At the same time,one cannot but be disheartened by the cowardice and self-deception that frail men use who want to be both safe and free.1 [source]

    Unnatural Extinction: The Rise and Fall of the Independent Local Union

    INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 3 2001
    Sanford M. Jacoby
    This article analyzes what happened to independent local unions (ILUs), also known as company unions, since 1935. After providing a statistical analysis of ILU membership since 1935, the article looks at the factors that shaped membership trends: changes in labor law, the characteristics of ILUs, worker attitudes toward ILUs, and employers' industrial relations policies. New evidence is presented that suggests that even those employers who still favored ILUs in the 1950s were orienting them away from collective bargaining and toward the "new nonunion model" of the 1960s and 1970s. [source]

    A Canadian Accounting Perspectives Forum on Accounting Issues Related to the Fall of Enron

    ACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2004
    MICHAEL WELKER
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    The Rise and Fall of Chinese Immigration to Canada: Newcomers from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China1 and Mainland China, 1980,20002

    INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 3 2005
    Peter S. Li
    ABSTRACT An emerging perspective in the study of global diasporas stresses the effect of economic globalization and migration shifts in reshaping the population and identifying the formation of diaspora communities. This paper analyses the immigration patterns from Hong Kong and mainland China to Canada between the 1980s and 1990s, and shows that the migration shifts have been influenced by political and economic forces in Hong Kong and China, as well as changes in Canada's immigration policy. The imminent return of Hong Kong to China in 1997 and its uncertain political future in the 1990s were often cited as the main reasons for Hong Kong's large emigration in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In reality, the rising volume of Hong Kong emigration was prompted by the 1989 Tiananmen Square incident in China and its aftermath, and by the booming economy of Hong Kong in the early 1990s that created the means for many middle-class Chinese to emigrate. At the same time, Canada's expansion of the Business Immigration Program in the mid-1980s also benefited immigrant entrepreneurs from Hong Kong. In contrast, the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 did not deter the economic growth of China. Immigration from China rose after 1989 when Canada allowed Chinese students studying in Canada to immigrate, but it was after the mid-1990s that immigration from China expanded due to Canada's greater emphasis on admitting economic immigrants and to China's growing middle class. The continuous arrival of well-educated and urban-based immigrants from China is likely to change the population composition and identity complexity of the Chinese community in Canada. LES HAUTS ET LES BAS DE L'IMMIGRATION CHINOISE AU CANADA : LES NOUVEAUX VENUS ORIGINAIRES DE LA RÉGION ADMINISTRATIVE SPÉCIALE DE HONG KONG1 ET DE LA CHINE CONTINENTALE, 1980,2000 Une perspective émergente dans l'étude des diasporas mondiales souligne l'effet de la mondialisation économique et des glissements migratoires dans le remodelage des populations et l'identification de la formation des communautés issues des diasporas. Cet ouvrage analyse les comportements migratoires en provenance de Hong Kong et de la Chine continentale en direction du Canada entre les années 80 et 90, et montre que les glissements migratoires ont été influencés par des forces politiques et économiques à l',uvre à Hong Kong et en Chine, ainsi que par des changements intervenus au niveau de la politique canadienne d'immigration. Le retour imminent de Hong Kong à la Chine en 1997 et son avenir politique incertain dans les années 90 ont souvent été cités comme les principales raisons pour l'importante émigration qui s'est produite au départ de Hong Kong à la fin des années 80 et au début des années 90. En réalité, l'ampleur croissante de l'émigration en provenance de Hong Kong a été suscitée par les événements de la place Tiananmen qui ont eu lieu en 1989 et par leurs retombées, ainsi que par l'essor économique de Hong Kong au début des années 90, ayant procuréà bon nombre de Chinois de la classe moyenne les moyens d'émigrer. Parallèlement, l'expansion du programme d'immigration commerciale mis en place par le Canada au milieu des années 80 a également profité aux entrepreneurs immigrants de Hong Kong. Par comparaison, la crise financière asiatique de 1997 n'a pas produit d'effet dissuasif sur la croissance économique de la Chine. L'immigration en provenance de Chine continentale a augmenté après 1989, lorsque le Canada a autorisé les étudiants chinois se trouvant sur son sol à immigrer légalement, mais ce n'est qu'après le milieu des années 90 que l'immigration en provenance de Chine s'est accélérée sous l'effet de la politique canadienne facilitant l'entrée au Canada des immigrants économiques et aussi de la progression de la classe moyenne en Chine. L'arrivée continue d'immigrants chinois instruits et originaires des villes est susceptible de modifier la composition de la population et la complexité identitaire de la communauté chinoise au Canada. EL AUMENTO Y CAÍDA DE LA INMIGRACIÓN CHINA AL CANADÁ: RECIÉN LLEGADOS DE LA REGIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA ESPECIAL DE HONG KONG1 Y DE CHINA, 1980,2000 En los estudios realizados sobre las diásporas en el mundo, se observa el efecto que tienen la globalización económica y los cambios migratorios en la reconfiguración de la población y en la conformación de comunidades de la diáspora. En este artículo se examinan los patrones de inmigración de Hong Kong y China al Canadá en los años ochenta y noventa, y se demuestra que los cambios en la migración resultan de fuerzas políticas y económicas en Hong Kong y China, así como de cambios en la política de inmigración del Canadá. La inminente devolución de Hong Kong a la China en 1997 y la incertidumbre sobre su futuro político, fueron consideradas como la principal razón de la numerosa inmigración de Hong Kong a finales de los años ochenta y principios de los noventa. En realidad, el creciente número de emigrantes de Hong Kong se debió al incidente en la Plaza de Tiananmen en China en 1989 y a sus consecuencias, y al auge económico de Hong Kong a principios de los años noventa, que permitió que la clase media china pudiera emigrar. Al mismo tiempo, la ampliación del Programa de Inmigración Empresarial instaurado por el Canadá a mediados de los años ochenta también atrajo a empresarios inmigrantes provenientes de Hong Kong. Por su parte, la crisis financiera asiática de 1997 no afectó el crecimiento económico en la China. La inmigración de China aumentó tras 1989, cuando el Canadá autorizó a la inmigración de los chinos que estudiaban en el Canadá, pero fue ulteriormente, a mediados de los años noventa, que la inmigración desde China se amplió debido a que el Canadá decidió aceptar a inmigrantes económicos y a la creciente clase media proveniente de China. La continua llegada de inmigrantes chinos instruidos y de zonas urbanas, probablemente afecte la composición y complejidad de la identidad de la población china en el Canadá. [source]

    Neue Überlegungen zum wohlfahrtsstaatlichen System der Republik Korea

    INTERNATIONALE REVUE FUR SOZIALE SICHERHEIT, Issue 2 2008
    Yong Soo Park
    Auszug Das Wohlfahrtssystem der Republik Korea hat seit den 1990er Jahren eine radikale institutionelle Ausweitung erfahren, weitgehend infolge der Finanzkrise von 1997. Trotz dieser Veränderungen sind die öffentlichen Sozialausgaben äußerst niedrig , insbesondere im Vergleich zu allen anderen OECD-Ländern ,, sodass das Sozialversicherungssystem und der Sektor der sozialen Wohlfahrtsdienste insgesamt unterentwickelt bleiben. So lässt sich das derzeitige Wohlfahrtssystem im besten Fall als residuelles Modell charakterisieren, in dem das staatliche Eingreifen bei der Bereitstellung von Wohlfahrt äußerst bescheiden ist und die Familie und die private Marktwirtschaft die zentralen Rollen beim Angebot eines sozialen Netzes spielen. Diese Situation geht weitgehend auf die sogenannte ,Wachstum-zuerst"-Ideologie zurück, der die Mehrheit der Entscheidungsträger aus Politik und Wirtschaft des Landes seit der Zeit der autoritären Regierung (1961-1993) anhängt. Auch die Entscheidung für eine neoliberale Umstrukturierung im westeuropäischen Stil, die nach der Finanzkrise von 1997 eingeleitet wurde, spielte eine Rolle. [source]

    The Boys from Bothaville, or the Rise and Fall of King Maize: A South African Story

    JOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 4 2004
    HENRY BERNSTEIN
    This paper tells the story, for the first time, of a maverick maize farmers' association in South Africa during the period of apartheid. NAMPO (National Maize Producers' Organization), that grew out of SAMPI (South African Maize Producers' Institute), ultimately achieved a unique, if short-lived, breach in the normal operations of ,organized agriculture': a set of relations and practices that bound together white farmers, the National Party and the state. The paper provides an account of SAMPI/NAMPO's project of ,King Maize' and an explanation of its fall after a brief period of victory from 1981 to 1985. This explanation draws on broader patterns of agrarian change in contemporary capitalism combined with the fracturing of the original agrarian bloc of apartheid in the 1980s, marking the end of a ,second moment' of South Africa's version of a Prussian path of capitalist development. [source]

    Healthcare Utilization of Elderly Persons Hospitalized After a Noninjurious Fall in a Swiss Academic Medical Center

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 6 2006
    Laurence Seematter-Bagnoud MD
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk of hospital readmission, nursing home admission, and death, as well as health services utilization over a 6-month follow-up, in community-dwelling elderly persons hospitalized after a noninjurious fall. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with 6-month follow-up. SETTING: Swiss academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred ninety persons aged 75 and older hospitalized through the emergency department. MEASUREMENTS: Data on demographics and medical, physical, social, and mental status were collected upon admission. Follow-up data were collected from the state centralized billing system (hospital and nursing home admission) and proxies (death). RESULTS: Seventy patients (10%) were hospitalized after a noninjurious fall. Fallers had shorter hospital stays (median 4 vs 8 days, P<.001) and were more frequently discharged to rehabilitation or respite care than nonfallers. During follow-up, fallers were more likely to be institutionalized (adjusted hazard ratio=1.82, 95% confidence interval=1.03,3.19, P=.04) independent of comorbidity and functional and mental status. Overall institutional costs (averaged per day of follow-up) were similar for both groups ($138.5 vs $148.7, P=.66), but fallers had lower hospital costs and significantly higher rehabilitation and long-term care costs ($55.5 vs $24.1, P<.001), even after adjustment for comorbidity, living situation, and functional and cognitive status. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients hospitalized after a noninjurious fall were twice as likely to be institutionalized as those admitted for other medical conditions and had higher intermediate and long-term care services utilization during follow-up, independent of functional and health status. These results provide direction for interventions needed to delay or prevent institutionalization and reduce subsequent costs. [source]

    RWANDA: Banking Profits Fall

    AFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 3 2010
    Article first published online: 4 MAY 2010
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Age Trends in Femur Stresses From a Simulated Fall on the Hip Among Men and Women: Evidence of Homeostatic Adaptation Underlying the Decline in Hip BMD

    JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 9 2006
    Thomas J Beck ScD
    Abstract Age trends in proximal femur stresses were evaluated by simulating a fall on the greater trochanter using femur geometry from hip DXA scans of 5334 white men and women in the NHANES III survey. Expansion of femur outer diameter seems to counter net bone loss so that stresses remain similar across age groups, but stresses are higher in older women than in older men. Introduction: The age decline in hip BMD is caused by both bone loss and expansion of outer diameter that increases the region size over which mass is measured in a DXA scan. Because expansion has an opposing effect on structural strength, it may be a homeostatic adaptation to net bone loss to ensure that load stresses are kept within a narrow range. Materials and Methods: Age trends in femur stresses were evaluated with an engineering beam simulation of a fall on the greater trochanter. Hip geometry was extracted from hip DXA scans using the Hip Structure Analysis (HSA) software on 2613 non-Hispanic white men and 2721 women from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Using body weight as load, stresses were computed on the inferior-medial and superior-lateral femur neck at its narrowest point and the medial and lateral shaft 2 cm distal to the midpoint of the lesser trochanter. Stresses and the underlying geometries in men and women >50 years oaf age were compared with those 20,49 years of age. Results: Compared with men <50 years of age, stresses in older men were 6% lower on both surfaces of the shaft, 4% lower on the inferior-medial neck, and not different on the superior-lateral neck. In women >50 years of age, stresses on the proximal shaft and inferior-medial neck remained within 3% of young values but were 13% greater on the superior-lateral neck. Neck stresses in young women were lower on the superior-lateral than the inferior-medial neck, but lateral stress increased to the level on the medial surface in older women. Stresses were higher in women than in men, with a greater gender difference in those >50 years of age. Conclusions: We conclude that femur expansion has a homeostatic effect in men and women that opposes bone loss so that stresses change little with age. Because expansion preserves stresses with progressively less bone mass, the process may reduce structural stability in the femoral neck under fall conditions, especially in the elderly female. [source]

    New Insights Into Hypertension Management in Acute Stroke: Let the CHHIPS Fall Where They May

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 6 2008
    Clive Rosendorff MD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    The Spiral of Silence and Fear of Isolation

    JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 3 2007
    Kurt Neuwirth
    This research explores the relationship between fear of isolation and allied concepts derived from the communication apprehension (CA) literature,CA-trait and CA-state,on opinion expression. The study took place during the final run-up to the Fall 2002 U.S. Congressional elections, and the research topic focused on the debate surrounding the possibility of the United States invading Iraq. The results suggest that (a) CA-trait, CA-state, and fear of isolation are empirically distinct; (b) these constructs differentially predict opinion expression; and (c) customary ways of assessing opinion expression in past research likely have underestimated conformity effects. Résumé Une solution structurelle aux dilemmes de communication dans une communauté virtuelle Dans un contexte de communication multivoque comme celui d'une communauté virtuelle, les individus peuvent être fortement tentés de profiter des contributions des autres tout en s,abstenant eux-mêmes de contribuer, ce qui en définitive mènerait à l'effondrement de la communauté. Afin de trouver une solution structurelle au « dilemme de communication », cette étude a comparé le rendement de deux structures de communication : l,une fondée sur les réseaux interpersonnels (NEX)(p. ex. les blogues) et l'autre s,appuyant sur un babillard électronique public (GEX). Dans le cadre d'une expérience longitudinale inter-sujets de 2 x 2 x 2, il est apparu que de changer GEX pour NEX pourrait augmenter le nombre de contributions faites par des individus. De plus, il fut observé que NEXétait une structure efficace pour la communication N personnes, particulièrement lorsqu,un grand nombre d'individus étaient impliqués. Les conclusions laissent entendre que la motivation incitant à coopérer d,un individu est fonction de la structure incitative d'une forme particulière d'échange d,information, ce qui signifie que de modifier la forme de l'échange peut être une solution possible aux dilemmes de communication dans les communautés virtuelles. Abstract Schweigespirale und Isolationsfurcht Vorliegender Beitrag untersucht die Beziehung zwischen Isolationsfurcht und aus der Literatur zur Kommunikationsangst (KA) hergeleiteten verwandten Konzepten (KA-Persönlichkeitsmerkmal und KA-Zustand) in Bezug auf die Meinungsäußerung einer Person. Die Studie wurde während der Hauptphase der U.S.-amerikanischen Kongresswahlen im Herbst 2002 durchgeführt und fokussierte die Debatte um die Möglichkeit des Einmarsches amerikanischer Truppen in den Irak. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 1) KA-Persönlichkeitsmerkmal, KA-Zustand und Isolationsangst empirisch abgrenzbar sind, 2) diese Konstrukte Meinungsäußerung auf verschiedene Weise vorhersagen und 3) die klassische Art und Weise der Erfassung von Meinungsäußerungen in der Forschung bislang Konformitätseffekte unterschätzt hat. Resumen El Espiral del Silencio y el Miedo al Aislamiento Esta investigación explora la relación entre el Miedo al Aislamiento y conceptos aliados derivados de la literatura sobre Aprehensión Comunicacional (CA) --CA-como Rasgo y CA-como Estado,en la expresión de la opinión. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante la última ronda en las elecciones para el Congreso en el Otoño del 2002 y el tema de investigación se enfocó en el debate alrededor de la posibilidad de que los Estados Unidos invadieran Irak. Los resultados sugieren que 1) CA-como Rasgo, CA-como Estado, y el Miedo al Aislamiento son empíricamente distintos; 2) estos constructores predicen la expresión de opiniones en forma diferencial; y 3) las formas habituales de evaluar la expresión de opinión en investigaciones anteriores han probablemente subestimado los efectos de conformidad. ZhaiYao Yo yak [source]

    Fall Is a Time for Change

    JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION, Issue 4 2006
    Grady Chism Scientific Editor
    [source]

    Using Quality Circles to Enhance Student Involvement and Course Quality in a Large Undergraduate Food Science and Human Nutrition Course

    JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION, Issue 1 2005
    S.J. Schmidt
    ABSTRACT: Large undergraduate classes are a challenge to manage, to engage, and to assess, yet such formidable classes can flourish when student participation is facilitated. One method of generating authentic student involvement is implementation of quality circles by means of a Student Feedback Committee (SFC), which is a volunteer problem-solving and decision-making group that communicates student-generated input to the teaching team for the purpose of improving the course content, structure, and environment in the present and redesigning it for the future. Our objective was to implement a SFC in a large introductory Food Science and Human Nutrition (FSHN 101) course to enhance student involvement and course quality. Overall, the SFC provided a continuous and dynamic feedback mechanism for the teaching team, a beneficial experience for the SFC members, and an opportunity for class members to confidentially share their input to enhance the quality of the course throughout the semester. This article includes a brief introduction of the use of quality circles in higher education classrooms, as well as our methods of implementation and assessment after using the SFC for 3 semesters (Spring 2003, Fall 2003, and Spring 2004). [source]

    An Eleventh-Century View of Chinese Ethnic Policy: Sima Guang on the Fall of Western Jin

    JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
    MARK STRANGE
    It fell to these barbarian usurpers in 317. Throughout the eleventh century, the Northern Song dynasty (960,1127) felt its sovereignty endangered by foreign states to the north. Parallels between the ethnic policies of Western Jin and Northern Song emerge from the representation of Western Jin's dynastic fortunes that the eleventh-century statesman and historian Sima Guang (1019,1086) offered in his famous chronicle, Zizhi tongjian (A Comprehensive Mirror to Aid Government). The present article takes that text as its focus. It examines the textual and ideological spin that Sima Guang gave his account of fourth-century ethnic tensions. It argues that his characterisation of the barbarians that threatened Western Jin resonated with his response to eleventh-century foreign relations. And it shows that for Sima Guang the integrity of the Chinese imperial state, and even Chinese identity, was at stake. [source]