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Factors Predisposing (factor + predisposing)
Kinds of Factors Predisposing Selected AbstractsEnvironmental Risk Factors Predisposing to the Development of Basal Cell CarcinomaDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2004Malgorzata Zak-Prelich MD Background. Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common malignancies in white people. The incidence varies depending on the region of the world, with the highest rate of 1% to 2% per year noted in Australia. It is estimated that BCC incidence increases by 5% annually. An increasing incidence of BCC is in line with the changes in the living style and exposure to various environmental factors. Objective. To present the environmental factors that may influence the development of BCCs. The influence of ultraviolet radiation exposure alone and in connection with immunosuppression, smoking, occupational factors, as well as arsenic and ionizing radiation exposure, was described. Conclusion. BCC is a very complex disease, with many factors influencing its development. Environmental factors are very important for the prevalence of BCC, and most of them can be avoided. The exposure to ultraviolet radiation is undoubtedly of great risk; therefore, the national campaigns against aggressive, seasonal sun exposure, especially in children and adolescents, as well as using sunscreens, are of great value in the fight against BCC development. [source] Reduced Blood Platelet Sensitivity to Aspirin in Coronary Artery Disease: Are Dyslipidaemia and Inflammatory States Possible Factors Predisposing to Sub-optimal Platelet Response to Aspirin?BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Leszek Markuszewski Platelet non-responsiveness to aspirin is associated with an increased risk of serious cardiovascular events. Several environmental and hereditary factors are reportedly involved in sub-optimal acetylsalicylic acid response. Forty-five coronary artery disease patients and 45 non-coronary artery disease controls received acetylsalicylic acid at a daily dose of 75,150 mg. Controls were examined twice: on the day of entering the study and 10 days later. Urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 was assessed as the marker of platelet thromboxane generation. Aggregation was studied in platelet-rich plasma using turbidimetric aggregometry with collagen and arachidonic acid. Fifty to seventy percent of coronary artery disease patients showed an extent of collagen-induced aggregation above the upper quartile of the reference range compared with 8,15% in controls (P<0.003). For arachidonic acid-activated aggregation these proportions were 45,50% in coronary artery disease versus 7% in controls (P<0.007). In coronary artery disease patients, the acetylsalicylic acid-mediated platelet inhibition positively correlated with increased triglycerides (in arachidonic acid-stimulated platelets, r=0.30, P=0.0018), total cholesterol (r=0.33, P<0.0001 in coll and arachidonic acid-activated platelets) and elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=0.27, P=0.0024). In coronary artery disease patients urine 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 concentrations were significantly increased compared to controls after 10 day acetylsalicylic acid intake (563; 313,728 pg/mg creatinine versus 321; 246,488 pg/mg creatinine, P=0.04). The incidence of suboptimal acetylsalicylic acid response incidence was more common in patients with coronary artery disease. Acetylsalicylic acid inhibition of blood platelet reactivity and thromboxane generation was less effective in these patients. Dyslipidaemia and chronic inflammatory states may promote suboptimal acetylsalicylic acid response in coronary artery disease patients. [source] The sex of the individual as a factor in allergic contact dermatitisCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 2 2004B. S. Modjtahedi Exogenous and endogenous factors have been implicated in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD); this review explores the sex of the individual as a possible endogenous factor. While there is a clinical impression that women are more skin-reactive than men, upon review this hypothesis appears oversimplified. This review explores sex differences in controlled testing of adult ACD, occupational ACD and juvenile ACD. Further, geographical location and socioeconomic and cultural factors in relation to sex differences in allergic contact dermatitis are discussed. We conclude that female sex could be a factor predisposing to allergic contact dermatitis not so much because of possible differences in intrinsic skin characteristics between the sexes, but more because of different exposure patterns. This conclusion has practical consequences regarding product labelling requirements, occupational risk assessment and legislation. [source] Osteological features in pure-bred dogs predisposing to cervical spinal cord compressionJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 5 2001S. BREIT Relative to body size, midsagittal and interpedicular diameters of the cranial and caudal aspects of cervical vertebral foramina (C3,C7) were found to be significantly (P < 0·05) larger in small breeds than in large breeds and Dachshunds, and also larger in Dachshunds (P < 0·05) than in large breeds. This condition increases the risk for spinal cord compression resulting from relative stenosis of the cervical vertebral foramina, especially in large dogs, and this is also exacerbated by the typical shape of the vertebral foramina (i.e. dorsoventrally flattened cranially and bilaterally narrowed caudally). Within large dogs those breeds highly predisposed to cervical spinal cord compression were Great Danes (the breed with the smallest midsagittal vertebral foramen diameters from cranial C6 to cranial T1) and Doberman Pinschers, because of the most strikingly cranially dorsoventrally narrowed cone-shaped vertebral foramina at C6 and C7. The existence of a small midsagittal diameter in the cranial cervical spine was a high risk factor predisposing to spinal cord compression in small breeds and Dachshunds. Remarkable consistency was noted between the spinal level of the maximum enlargement of the spinal cord which previously was reported to be at C6, and the site of maximum enlargement of the vertebral canal currently stated in Dachshunds and small breeds. In large breeds the maximum enlargement of the vertebral canal tended to be located more caudally at the caudal limit of C7. The average age at which large dogs were most susceptible to noxious factors causing abnormal growth of the pedicles was determined to be 16 wk. [source] Is affluence a risk factor for bronchial asthma and type 1 diabetes?PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 7 2006Alberto Tedeschi In the last decades, an increase in bronchial asthma and type 1 diabetes occurrence has been observed in affluent countries, and a positive association between the two disorders has been demonstrated at the population level. This association could be explained by common risk factors predisposing to both disorders. Altered environmental and lifestyle conditions, possibly related to socio-economic status, might account for the rising trend of the two disorders. To test this hypothesis, we calculated the correlation between the occurrence of type 1 diabetes and asthma, the gross national product (GNP) and the infant mortality rate, in several European and extra-European countries. GNP was positively correlated with the incidence of type 1 diabetes and with symptoms of asthma in European (rsp: 0.53 and 0.69; p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and extra-European countries (rsp: 0.44 and 0.46; p = 0.04 for both diseases). Infant mortality rate was inversely correlated with GNP and with the occurrences of the two diseases in Europe (rsp: ,0.66, p < 0.0001 for type 1 diabetes; rsp:, 0.51, p = 0.01 for asthma). In extra-European countries, a significant relationship was found between infant mortality and asthma (rsp: ,0.46; p = 0.03); a trend towards a negative correlation between infant mortality and type 1 diabetes was also found, although no statistical significance was reached (rsp: ,0.21; p = 0.31). This analysis indicates that type 1 diabetes and asthma are positively associated with the GNP at the population level. Similarly, countries with low infant mortality rates tend to have a higher incidence of these immune-mediated diseases. Although GNP reflects many societal and lifestyle differences, it is notable that a high socio-economic status implies a reduced or delayed exposure to infectious agents. The reduced pressure of infectious agents on the immune system throughout life might contribute to increase the susceptibility to bronchial asthma and type 1 diabetes. [source] Thromboembolism in children with sarcomaPEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 2 2007Uma Athale MD Abstract Background Thromboembolism (TE) is a common complication and cause of death in adults with cancer. Cancer has been identified as a major risk factor in children with TE. However, the information regarding the epidemiology of TE in children with cancer, especially in association with childhood solid tumors, is scant. Objective To define the prevalence and epidemiology of TE in children with sarcoma. Procedure Hospital records of children ,18 years of age with sarcoma diagnosed and treated at McMaster Children's Hospital during January 1990 to December 2005 were reviewed for demographic details, details of diagnosis and therapy for sarcoma, and details of diagnosis and management of TE. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact t -test. Results Ten of 70 (14.3%; 95% CI; 7.1, 24.7) patients with sarcoma developed symptomatic TE. Patients with CVL-dysfunction (n,=,9) were at significantly higher risk for symptomatic TE compared to those without CVL dysfunction (n,=,61) (55.5 vs. 8.2%; P,=,0.002, 95% CI; 14.2, 80.5). Patients with pulmonary disease (n,=,23) had higher prevalence of TE compared to those without pulmonary disease (n,=,47) (26 vs.8.5%; P,=,0.07, 95% CI; ,2.06, 37.2). Older patients, patients with metastatic disease and those with Ewing sarcoma had higher prevalence of TE. Conclusions TE is a significant complication in children with sarcoma. Over 50% of patients with CVL dysfunction had symptomatic TE; such patients may warrant careful evaluation for associated TE. Large prospective studies are needed to define the epidemiology and identify risk factors predisposing to TE in children with sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:171,176. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Intensified Screening and Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome for Cardiovascular Risk ReductionPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Nathan D. Wong PhD The metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a clustering of risk factors associated with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity, is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease mortality. Persons with MetS have a wide spectrum of coronary heart disease risk and appropriate evaluation of risk using global risk algorithms. Measurement of other risk markers and subclinical disease is potentially needed to best set treatment goals and accompanying treatment regimens. The presence of MetS risk factors should be considered in global risk assessment. Clinical management emphasizes addressing underlying risk factors predisposing to MetS-specifically overweight/obesity and physical inactivity. Further recommendations are given for clinical risk factors, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance/hyperglycemia, prothrombotic state, and proinflammatory state. Clinicians are recommended to assess MetS in their routine practice and to intensify efforts to adequately treat accompanying lifestyle and clinical risk factors. [source] Risk factors predisposing to fetal loss following a second trimester amniocentesisBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 10 2001Nikolaos E. Papantoniou Objective To examine the influence of possible risk factors on fetal loss rate following amniocentesis. Design Retrospective analysis of case records between 1993 and 1998. Setting Fetal medicine unit of a large teaching hospital. Population One thousand and six women with singleton pregnancies formed the study group. Seven hundred and eight of them had bleeding during the current pregnancy before the procedure, while 298 had a history of three or more first trimester abortions and/or a second trimester miscarriage or termination of pregnancy. Four thousand and twenty-four women who had amniocentesis and had no risk factors served as controls. Both groups were also classified according to maternal age. Group 1: 1610 women aged 20,34 years; Group 2: 2850 women aged 35,39 years; Group 3; 570 women > 40 years. Methods Women of both groups underwent a second trimester amniocentesis between 16 and 21 weeks of gestation. Fetal losses following amniocentesis were examined in three time intervals: 1. in the first two weeks after the procedure; 2. up to the 28th week; 3. from the 28th week to term. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the fetal loss rate between women aged 20,34 years (2.54%) and those > 40 years (5.1%). Women with a history of vaginal bleeding during the current pregnancy had a higher fetal loss rate compared with controls (6.5%vs 2.8%), which corresponds to an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI 1.69,3.42). A similar difference was found between the group of women with a history of previous abortions/terminations and the controls (8%vs 2.8%): OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.92,4.79). Conclusions There is a higher risk of fetal loss following amniocentesis in women > 40 years of age compared with those aged 20,34 years. Bleeding in the current pregnancy, a history of three or more first trimester abortions, a second trimester miscarriage or termination of pregnancy seem to be significant predisposing factors for fetal loss after an amniocentesis. [source] Anatomical basis for a successful upper limb sympathectomy in the thoracoscopic eraCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 4 2004L. Ramsaroop Abstract In this clinico-anatomical study, factors potentially responsible for unsuccessful upper limb sympathectomy (ULS) by the thoracoscopic route were evaluated. This study comprised two subsets: 1) in the clinical subset, 25 patients (n = 50 sides) underwent bilateral second thoracic ganglionectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis, and factors predisposing to unsuccessful ULS were identified; and 2) in the anatomical subset, the neural connections of the first and second intercostal spaces were bilaterally dissected in 22 adult cadavers (22 right, 21 left; n = 43 sides). Alternate neural pathways (ANP) were noted in 9 of 50 sides in the 25 clinical cases (18%). In three asthenic patients (5 sides), fascia overlying the longus colli muscle mimicked the sympathetic chain. The right superior intercostal vein (SIV) was located anterior to the second thoracic ganglion in 6 of 50 sides (12%) and predisposed to troublesome bleeding in 2 of 50 cases; the SIV was posterior to the ganglion in 19 of 50 sides (38%), posing no technical problem. On the left, the SIV was noted outside the field of dissection in all but one case. A successful outcome to sympathectomy was noted in all 25 patients. A spectrum of sympathetic contributions to the first thoracic ventral ramus for the first intercostal space was noted in 37 of 43 anatomical cases (86%). These were categorized according to the arrangements of the intrathoracic ramus between the second intercostal nerve and the first thoracic ventral ramus. The cervicothoracic ganglion (37/43 cases; 86%) and an independent inferior cervical ganglion (6/43 cases; 14%) were always located above the second rib. The second thoracic ganglion was consistently located in the second intercostal space. This study demonstrates that ANPs have little clinical significance when a second thoracic ganglionectomy is undertaken. Technical failures may be avoided if the surgeon is mindful of anatomical variations at surgery. Clin. Anat. 17:294,299, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||