Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Face Recognition (face + recognition)
Selected AbstractsSpeed of Processing and Face Recognition at 7 and 12 MonthsINFANCY, Issue 4 2002Susan A. Rose This research examined developmental and individual differences in infants' speed of processing faces and the relation of processing speed to the type of information encoded. To gauge processing speed, 7- and 12-month-olds were repeatedly presented with the same face (frontal view), each time paired with a new one, until they showed a consistent preference for the new one. Subsequent probe trials assessed recognition of targets that either preserved configural integrity (Study 1: 3/4 profile and full profile poses) or disrupted it while preserving featural information (Study 2: rotations of 160° or 200° and fracturings). There were developmental differences in both speed and in infants' appreciation of information about faces. Older infants took about 60% fewer trials to reach criterion and had more mature patterns of attention (i.e., looks of shorter duration and more shifts of gaze). Whereas infants of both ages recognized the familiar face in a 3/4 pose, the 12-month-olds also recognized it in profile and when rotated. Twelve-month-olds who were fast processors additionally recognized the fractured faces; otherwise, processing speed was unrelated to the type of information extracted. At 7 months then, infants made use of some configural information in processing faces; at 12 months, they made use of even more of the configural information, along with part-based or featural information. [source] Face Recognition: Cognitive and Computational Processes.APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2004Nicola Brace. The original book review to which this Erratum refers was published in Applied Cognitive Psychology 18 (2) 2004, 246,248. [source] Face recognition by myopic baby neural networksINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1-2 2001Dominique Valentin No abstract is available for this article. [source] Face recognition in the newborn infantINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1-2 2001Alan Slater First page of article [source] Independent comparative study of PCA, ICA, and LDA on the FERET data setINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2005Kresimir Delac Abstract Face recognition is one of the most successful applications of image analysis and understanding and has gained much attention in recent years. Various algorithms were proposed and research groups across the world reported different and often contradictory results when comparing them. The aim of this paper is to present an independent, comparative study of three most popular appearance-based face recognition projection methods (PCA, ICA, and LDA) in completely equal working conditions regarding preprocessing and algorithm implementation. We are motivated by the lack of direct and detailed independent comparisons of all possible algorithm implementations (e.g., all projection,metric combinations) in available literature. For consistency with other studies, FERET data set is used with its standard tests (gallery and probe sets). Our results show that no particular projection,metric combination is the best across all standard FERET tests and the choice of appropriate projection,metric combination can only be made for a specific task. Our results are compared to other available studies and some discrepancies are pointed out. As an additional contribution, we also introduce our new idea of hypothesis testing across all ranks when comparing performance results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 252,260, 2005 [source] Face recognition based on face-specific subspaceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Shiguang Shan Abstract In this article, we present an individual appearance model based method, named face-specific subspace (FSS), for recognizing human faces under variation in lighting, expression, and viewpoint. This method derives from the traditional Eigenface but differs from it in essence. In Eigenface, each face image is represented as a point in a low-dimensional face subspace shared by all faces; however, the experiments conducted show one of the demerits of such a strategy: it fails to accurately represent the most discriminanting features of a specific face. Therefore, we propose to model each face with one individual face subspace, named Face-Specific Subspace. Distance from the face-specific subspace, that is, the reconstruction error, is then exploited as the similarity measurement for identification. Furthermore, to enable the proposed approach to solve the single example problem, a technique to derive multisamples from one single example is further developed. Extensive experiments on several academic databases show that our method significantly outperforms Eigenface and template matching, which intensively indicates its robustness under variation in illumination, expression, and viewpoint. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 13: 23,32, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10047 [source] Age-related differences in neural correlates of face recognition during the toddler and preschool yearsDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Leslie J. Carver Abstract Research on the development of face recognition in infancy has shown that infants respond to faces as if they are special and recognize familiar faces early in development. Infants also show recognition and differential attachment to familiar people very early in development. We tested the hypothesis that infants' responses to familiar and unfamiliar faces differ at different ages. Specifically, we present data showing age-related changes in infants' brain responses to mother's face versus a stranger's face in children between 18 and 54 months of age. We propose that these changes are based on age-related differences in the perceived salience of the face of the primary caregiver versus strangers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 42: 148,159, 2003 [source] Eye remember you two: gaze direction modulates face recognition in a developmental studyDEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE, Issue 5 2006Alastair D. Smith The effects of gaze direction on memory for faces were studied in children from three different age groups (6,7, 8,9, and 10,11 years old) using a computerized version of a task devised by Hood, Macrae, Cole-Davies and Dias (2003). Participants were presented with a sequence of faces in an encoding phase, and were then required to judge which faces they had previously encountered in a surprise two-alternative forced-choice recognition test. In one condition, stimulus eye gaze was either direct or deviated at the viewing phase, and eyes were closed at the test phase. In another condition, stimulus eyes were closed at the viewing phase, with either direct or deviated gaze at the test phase. Modulation of gaze direction affected hit rates, with participants demonstrating greater accuracy for direct gaze targets compared to deviated gaze targets in both conditions. Reaction times (RT) to correctly recognized stimuli were faster for direct gaze stimuli at the viewing phase, but not at the test phase. The age group of participants differentially affected these measures: there was a greater hit rate advantage for direct gaze stimuli in older children, although RTs were less affected by age. These findings suggest that while the facilitation of face recognition by gaze direction is robust across encoding and recognition stages, the efficiency of the process is affected by the stage at which gaze is modulated. [source] Is right hemisphere specialization for face discrimination specific to humans?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 2 2000Kevin D. Broad Abstract Patterns of neural activation during face recognition were investigated in sheep by quantifying altered c-fos mRNA expression in situations where faces (sheep vs. human) can (faces upright) and cannot (faces inverted) be discriminated. Exposure to upright faces selectively increased expression significantly more in the right inferior temporal cortex than in the left, and active choice between upright faces additionally increased expression bilaterally in basal amygdala and hippocampus (CA1,4). Exposure to inverted faces did not lead to enhanced activation in the right inferior temporal cortex, amygdala or hippocampus but instead increased expression levels in the diagonal band of Broca, parietal and cingulate cortices. These results show that discrimination of upright faces in sheep preferentially engages the right temporal cortex, as it does in humans, and that performance of active choices between such faces may additionally involve the basal amygdala and hippocampus. [source] The influence of success and failure experiences on agencyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Andrea E. Abele Agency is,besides communion,a basic dimension of traits. It can be specifically linked to behavioral outcomes, to status, mastery, self-esteem and to success. The present paper analyzes the situational malleability of agency. Two studies tested whether an individual's agency (but not communion) is situationally influenced by the experience of success versus failure at a task, as well as whether this effect is the same for men and women. Supporting our hypotheses, the induction of success versus failure experiences led to changes in agency that were independent of actual performance, independent of type of task (memorizing vs. face recognition), independent of induction methodology (easy vs. difficult task vs. manipulated performance feedback), and independent of self-esteem, initial level of agency and of the participants' gender. Communion was not influenced by this kind of experience. Implications for both the basic dimension of agency and for theories on gender and gender stereotypes are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Dissociable neural responses in the hippocampus to the retrieval of facial identity and emotion: An event-related fMRI studyHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 4 2003Tetsuya Iidaka Abstract In studies with brain-damaged patients and experimental animals, the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, has been found to play a critical role in establishing declarative or episodic memory. We measured the neural response in these structures, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, while six healthy subjects performed the retrieval task for facial identity and emotion, respectively. Under the identity condition, the subjects participated in a yes/no recognition test for neutral faces learned before the scanning. Under the emotion condition, the subjects learned the faces with positive or negative expression and retrieved their expressions from neutral cue faces. The results showed that the left hippocampus is primarily involved in the identification of learned faces, and that the adjacent parahippocampal gyrus responds more to target than to distracter events. These results indicate a specific engagement of the left hippocampal regions in conscious recollection and identification of physiognomic facial features. The activity in the right hippocampus increased under both the identity and emotion conditions. The present results may relate with the functional model of face recognition in which the left hemisphere contributes to the processing of detailed features and the right hemisphere is efficient in the processing of global features. Hippocampus 2003;13:429,436. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Unfamiliar face recognition in children with autistic spectrum disordersINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2009Rebecca R. Wilson Abstract We investigated unfamiliar face recognition in low-functioning children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) using a ,part-of-face' method. This method has not previously been used for unfamiliar faces with this population. The ,part-of-face' procedure provides measures of both face recognition accuracy and of processing style. We compared the performance of the children with ASD with three control groups: children with developmental delay (DD), typically developing (TD) children matched for verbal cognitive ability and TD children matched for chronological age (CA). Compared to the DD group, the ASD group showed similar processing in recognition accuracy and processing style. Compared to the TD children, the ASD group did not show the same level of accuracy as controls of the same CA, instead showing similar performance to younger TD children. However, as both children with ASD and DD showed the same performance, no ASD-specific deficit was found. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The role of the mother's voice in developing mother's face preference: Evidence for intermodal perception at birthINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2005F. Z. Sai Abstract Four experiments are described which investigated the role of the mother's voice in facilitating recognition of the mother's face at birth. Experiment 1 replicated our previous findings (Br. J. Dev. Psychol. 1989; 7: 3,15; The origins of human face perception by very young infants. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 1990) indicating a preference for the mother's face when a control for the mother's voice and odours was used only during the testing. A second experiment adopted the same procedures, but controlled for the mother's voice from birth through testing. The neonates were at no time exposed to their mother's voice. Under these conditions, no preference was found. Further, neonates showed only few head turns towards both the mother and the stranger during the testing. Experiment 3 looked at the number of head turns under conditions where the newborn infants were exposed to both the mother's voice and face from birth to 5 to 15 min prior to testing. Again, a strong preference for the mother's face was demonstrated. Such preference, however, vanished in Experiment 4, when neonates had no previous exposure to the mother's voice,face combination. The conclusion drawn is that a prior experience with both the mother's voice and face is necessary for the development of face recognition, and that intermodal perception is evident at birth. The neonates' ability to recognize the face of the mother is most likely to be rooted in prenatal learning of the mother's voice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Skin conductance and heart-rate responses as indices of covert face recognition in preschool childrenINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2004Kjell Morten Stormark Abstract Covert face recognition was examined in 12 young preschoolers (age range 26,48 months) by comparing their autonomic functions to slides depicting former playmates from a family nursery school that the preschoolers had attended earlier with slides of their present playmates and unfamiliar children. While all preschoolers reported corroborated overt recognition of present playmates after the experiment, only three of them did so in relation to former playmates. The distribution of yes,no responses on the overt recognition task to former playmates was not significantly different from the responses to unfamiliar children. Nevertheless, the preschoolers evidenced increased skin conductance responses (SCRs) and more pronounced heart rate (HR) deceleration to the slides depicting former classmates compared to unfamiliar children. Thus, although the preschoolers' verbal responses did not differentiate between former playmates and unfamiliar children, their autonomic functions did. These findings suggest that young children can retain memories of past experiences in an implicit form without corroborated overt recognition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The development and neural bases of face recognitionINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1-2 2001Charles A. Nelson Abstract Evidence from fields as diverse as cognitive, evolutionary, and developmental psychology, as well as cognitive neuroscience, has increasingly pointed to the ,special' nature of face recognition. A critical examination of the literature supports the view that faces begin to be seen as a separate class of objects within the first 6 months of life. Not surprisingly, the neural systems that underlie face recognition also come on line during this period of time. Less clear, however, are the mechanisms whereby these events occur. It seems likely that face recognition reflects an experience-expectant process, whereby exposure to faces during a sensitive period of development likely leads to perceptual and cortical specialization. However, it is unknown what the role of experience is in maintaining this ability, and how long this sensitive period lasts. After reviewing three related models that attempt to account for the way the ability to recognize faces develops, a number of suggestions are offered for testing the hypothesis that face recognition depends on experience for acquisition, and for evaluating the role of experience in maintaining this ability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Face as an index: Knowing who is who using a PDAINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Jie Yang Abstract In this article, we present a PDA-based system for extending human memory or/and information retrieval using a human face as the lookup index. The system can help a user to remember names of people whom he/she has met before and find useful information, such as names and research interests, about people whom he/she is interested in talking to. The system uses a captured face image as the lookup index to retrieve information from some available resource such as departmental directory, web sites, personal homepages, etc. We describe the development of a PDA-based face recognition system and introduce algorithms for image preprocessing to enhance the quality of the image by sharpening focus and normalizing both lighting condition and head rotation. We use a unified LDA/PCA algorithm for face recognition. We address design issues of the interface to assist in visualization and comprehension of retrieved information. We present user study and experiment results to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 13: 33,41, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10046 [source] Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human cognitive processesJAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2000Tomohisa Okada Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is now widely accepted as a tool for analyzing human brain function. Since the realization of fMRI in the early 1990s, numerous reports have been published. In this paper, we present three studies. The first examined syntactic processing of Japanese sentences and the results prove that Broca's area is involved in the use of grammar. The second study compared binocular with monocular stereopsis. There were significant activations in the right inferior parietal lobe. The third study concerned the encoding and retrieval processes underlying face recognition. It revealed activations mainly in the right prefrontal areas, which is contrary to the hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry (HERA) theory. fMRI will continue to play an important role in the analysis of human brain function. [source] Exploiting statistical properties of wavelet coefficient for face detection and recognitionPROCEEDINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS, Issue 1 2007Naseer Al-Jawad Wavelet transforms (WT) are widely accepted as an essential tool for image processing and analysis. Image and video compression, image watermarking, content-base image retrieval, face recognition, texture analysis, and image feature extraction are all but few examples. It provides an alternative tool for short time analysis of quasi-stationary signals, such as speech and image signals, in contrast to the traditional short-time Fourier transform. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is a special case of the WT, which provides a compact representation of a signal in the time and frequency domain. In particular, wavelet transforms are capable of representing smooth patterns as well anomalies (e.g. edges and sharp corners) in images. We are focusing here on using wavelet transforms statistical properties for facial feature detection, which allows us to extract the image facial feature/edges easily. Wavelet sub-bands segmentation method been developed and used to clean up the non-significant wavelet coefficients in wavelet sub-band (k) based on the (k-1) sub-band. Moreover, erosion which is considered as one of the fundamental operation in morphological image processing, been used to reduce the unwanted edges in certain directions. For face detection, face template profiles been built for both the face and the eyes for different wavelet sub-band levels to achieve better computational performance, these profiles used to match the extracted profiles from the wavelet domain of the input image using the Dynamic Time Warping technique DTW. The DTW smallest distance allows identifying the face and the eyes location. The performance of face features distances and ratio has been also tested for face verification purposes. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] What's special about personally familiar faces?PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5 2004A multimodal approach Abstract Dual-route models of face recognition suggest separate cognitive and affective routes. The predictions of these models were assessed in recognition tasks with unfamiliar, famous, and personally familiar faces. Whereas larger autonomic responses were only triggered for personally familiar faces, priming effects in reaction times to these faces, presumably reflecting cognitive recognition processes, were equal to those of famous faces. Activation of stored structural representations of familiar faces (face recognition units) was assessed by recording the N250r component in event-related brain potentials. Face recognition unit activation increased from unfamiliar over famous to personally familiar faces, suggesting that there are stronger representations for personally familiar than for famous faces. Because the topographies of the N250r for personally and famous faces were indistinguishable, a similar network of face recognition units can be assumed for both types of faces. [source] Synthesized views can improve face recognitionAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2009Chang Hong Liu It is well known that a new face studied from one view is often difficult to identify from another. This viewpoint dependence has detrimental implications for forensic practice. To compensate for this problem, we employed synthesized face images in the training session of a standard old/new recognition task. Observers in the experimental conditions learned one or more synthesized face images along with an original photograph of the face in a different view, whereas observers in the control conditions learned only the original photograph of the face. It was found that the experimental conditions consistently produced better recognition accuracy than the control conditions. We conclude that synthesized face views can be used to facilitate person identification in forensic applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The reverse-caricature effect revisited: Familiarization with frontal facial caricatures improves veridical face recognitionAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Jobany Rodríguez Prior research suggests that recognition of a person's face can be facilitated by exaggerating the distinctive features of the face during training. We tested if this ,reverse-caricature effect' would be robust to procedural variations that created more difficult learning environments. Specifically, we examined whether the effect would emerge with frontal rather than three-quarter views, after very brief exposure to caricatures during the learning phase and after modest rotations of faces during the recognition phase. Results indicate that, even under these difficult training conditions, people are more accurate at recognizing unaltered faces if they are first familiarized with caricatures of the faces, rather than with the unaltered faces. These findings support the development of new training methods to improve face recognition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The effects of verbalization on face recognition in young and older adultsAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Amina Memon To explore the forensic implications of ,verbal overshadowing' in young and older eyewitnesses, we examined the effects of providing a verbal face description on subsequent performance in a lineup task. Young (18,30 years) and older (60,80 years) adults viewed a videotaped crime and performed some unrelated cognitive tasks. Participants in the experimental condition were then asked to supply a description of the target person in the event or to perform a control task. Upon completing the description/control task participants attempted to identify the target person from a target present photo-lineup presented in a sequential or simultaneous mode. Older participants made more false choices and sequential testing reduced correct choices. There was a weak trend consistent with verbal overshadowing that was unrelated to age as well as measures of verbal and face-matching expertise. Although overshadowing reduced performance only slightly, it appeared to affect the self-reported use of a feature-matching strategy linked to accurate decisions by young adults and inaccurate decisions by senior adults. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Configuration-Based Processing of Phosphene Pattern Recognition for Simulated Prosthetic VisionARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 4 2010Hong Guo Abstract Visual prosthesis can elicit phosphenes by stimulating the retina, optic nerve, or visual cortex along the visual pathway. Psychophysical studies have demonstrated that visual function can be partly recovered with phosphene-based prosthetic vision. This study investigated the cognitive process of prosthetic vision through a face recognition task. Both behavioral response and the face-specific N170 component of event-related potential were analyzed in the presence of face and non-face stimuli with natural and simulated prosthetic vision. Our results showed that: (i) the accuracy of phosphene face recognition was comparable with that of the normal one when phosphene grid increased to 25 × 21 or more; (ii) shorter response time was needed for phosphene face recognition; and (iii) the N170 component was delayed and enhanced under phosphene stimuli. It was suggested that recognition of phosphene patterns employ a configuration-based holistic processing mechanism with a distinct substage unspecific to faces. [source] | ||||||||||||||||