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Selected AbstractsVariations in body melanization impact desiccation resistance in Drosophila immigrans from Western HimalayasJOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Issue 2 2008R. Parkash Abstract Ectothermic species face problems of water balance under colder and drier climatic conditions in montane localities. We investigated five ecophysiological traits (body melanization, desiccation resistance, rate of water loss or gain and body size) in eight populations of Drosophila immigrans from an altitudinal gradient (600,2226 m) in the Western Himalayas. The traits showed bell-shaped variability patterns characteristic of quantitative traits. For body melanization, we observed high heritability (0.65) on the basis of parent,offspring regression. A comparison of highland versus foothill populations showed significant divergence for all the traits except body size. Darker flies from the highlands exhibited higher desiccation resistance but reduced rate of water loss or gain as compared with lighter flies from the foothills, which showed lower desiccation resistance and higher rates of water loss as well as gain. Lack of differences in the amount of epicuticular lipids cannot account for differential reduction in cuticular water loss in altitudinal populations. However, within- as well as between-population differences in body melanization can account for changes in desiccation resistance and reduction in cuticular water loss. Analyses of highland versus lowland populations as well as in assorted darker and lighter flies from a highland population have shown differences in haemolymph and dehydration tolerance. For the mechanistic basis of desiccation resistance, our results on wild populations of Drosophila immigrans are not in agreement with those reported for laboratory-selected desiccation-resistant strains in Drosophila melanogaster. Thus, ecophysiological mechanisms could be different under laboratory versus field selection. [source] STRETCHING DISTRICT NURSING SERVICES TO MEET RURAL NEEDSAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 6 2001Katrina Alford ABSTRACT: This article evaluates the adequacy of District Nursing Service (DNS) provision in the Goulburn Murray region in Victoria. It draws on a survey of the region's DNS and communication with several community health agencies in response to problems identified by service providers. The results suggest that these rural health services face problems not experienced in urban areas. District nurses in rural areas have to travel far and wide to accommodate their clients and they put in extra unpaid hours if necessary. Their travel time, management and communication skills are not sufficiently recognised in the current funding formula. Although this includes some weighting for rurality, it is insufficient for District Nursing Services catering for smaller, more dispersed populations. Current and future demand pressures on home and community-based nursing services highlight the importance of redressing this deficiency. Several issues raised in this article may reflect problems that are common in rural regions, including funding inadequacies, unpaid additional work, access and equity difficulties and boundary issues. As a result, recommendations to improve service delivery may have broader applicability. [source] Economic crisis and challenges for the Greek healthcare system: the emergent role of nursing managementJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 5 2010VENETIA NOTARA MSc notara v., koupidis s.a., vaga e. & grammatikopoulos i.a. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management18, 501,504 Economic crisis and challenges for the Greek healthcare system: the emergent role of nursing management Background, Despite several reform efforts, the Greek health care system still faces problems related to misdistribution of trained health staff and finance between geographical areas. Aim, The objectives of the present study were to describe the current situation of the delivery of the healthcare service in Greece, to explore the basic implications of the economic crisis from a nursing management perspective and to examine future practices opening a debate in policy developments. Key issue, The principal finding of this study was the serious shortage of trained nurses, the imbalances in nursing personnel, an excess of doctors and the complete absence of a Primary Healthcare System in civil areas provided by general doctors. Conclusion, It is important that health care policy makers become aware and seriously consider rearranging the Health Care System to become more effective and efficient for the population (client). Special attention should be paid to strengthening areas such as primary health care, public health and health promotion in the direction of minimizing the demand of hospital services. Implications for nursing management, Any implementation of major health care reforms should consider seriously the role of the nursing management which formulates the substantial link between the health services and the patient. [source] IMPOSSIBLE WORLDS AND PROPOSITIONS: AGAINST THE PARITY THESISTHE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 240 2010Francesco Berto Accounts of propositions as sets of possible worlds have been criticized for conflating distinct impossible propositions. In response to this problem, some have proposed to introduce impossible worlds to represent distinct impossibilities, endorsing the thesis that impossible worlds must be of the same kind; this has been called the parity thesis. I show that this thesis faces problems, and propose a hybrid account which rejects it: possible worlds are taken as concrete Lewisian worlds, and impossibilities are represented as set-theoretic constructions out of them. This hybrid account (1) distinguishes many intuitively distinct impossible propositions; (2) identifies impossible propositions with extensional constructions; (3) avoids resorting to primitive modality, at least so far as Lewisian modal realism does. [source] | ||||||||||