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F Ratio (f + ratio)
Selected AbstractsMetal/Fluorocarbon Pyrolants: V. Theoretical Evaluation of the Combustion Performance of Metal/Fluorocarbon Pyrolants based on Strained FluorocarbonsPROPELLANTS, EXPLOSIVES, PYROTECHNICS, Issue 1 2004Ernst-Christian Koch Abstract The potential of strained fluorocarbons, which can act as oxidizers in metal-based pyrolant systems, is investigated. The oxidizing performance of fluorocarbons is evaluated by the enthalpy of combustion ,cH(298K) and the fractional electron transfer ,N. ,cH(298K) can be related to hybridisation, molar C/F ratio and strain of the parent carbon skeleton of the fluorocarbon. Considered fluorocarbons are tetrafluorotetrahedrane (CF)4 (3), tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)tetrahedrane C4(CF3)4 (4), hexafluoro[3]prismane (CF)6 (5), hexakis(trifluoromethyl)[3]prismane C6(CF3)6 (6), octafluorocubane (CF)8 (7), octakis(trifluoromethyl)cubane C8(CF3)8 (8), eicosafluorododecahedrane (CF)20 (9), eicosakis(trifluoromethyl)dodecahedrane C20(CF3)20 (10), C60F48 (11) and perfluorofullerane (CF)60 (12). Powerful oxidisers in terms of exothermicity are those possessing both tertiary CF-units and strained carbon skeletons. Nevertheless the reactivity, which is estimated on basis of ,N, the fraction of electrons transferred according to Pearson, has been found to be high with the corresponding perfluoromethyl derivatives and maximum with the fluorofulleranes. For part IV see Ref. 17. [source] Factors affecting treatment outcomes following complicated crown fractures managed in primary and secondary careDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2006N. G. Jackson Abstract,,, The aims of this retrospective observational study were to determine the factors which affect treatment provision and the Median Survival Time (MST) for maintenance of tooth vitality following complicated crown fracture. The survey was carried out for patients treated at Newcastle Dental Hospital (NDH) according to departmental guidelines over a 2-year period following the introduction of a new protocol for management of these types of injuries. Seventy-three cases of complicated crown fracture were identified in 69 children with a mean age of 10.3 years (SD = 2.5 years). Seventy-one percent of the fractures occurred in males (M:F ratio was 2.5:1). Fifty-one percent of the complicated crown fractures were in immature teeth. Of the 73 traumatised teeth, 45% presented initially in general dental practice (GDP), 37% at the dental hospital and 8% at local accident and emergency departments with the remaining 10% seen at other or unrecorded locations. Of the 41 fractures, which presented initially at a location other than the dental hospital, 38% were referred to the dental hospital without the provision of an emergency pulp bandage. The overall definitive treatments provided for the 37 open apex teeth included pulp cap (19%), partial pulpotomy (32%), cervical pulpotomy (8%) and pulpectomy (35%), while for the 36 closed apex teeth it was pulp cap (28%), pulpotomy (11%), and pulpectomy (61%). Of the 30 teeth, which underwent vital pulp therapy (18 open and 12 closed apex), the MST for the 15 teeth treated with pulp caps was 1460 days (95% CI: 1067, 1853) while for the 15 teeth treated with pulpotomies it was 1375 days (95% CI: 964, 1786). There was no statistically significant difference in the MST between teeth treated with pulp caps and pulpotomies. In conclusion, the proportion of patients referred to secondary care with complicated crown fractures without provision of a pulp bandage is of some concern. More conservative treatment of closed apex teeth sustaining complicated crown fractures, utilizing vital pulp therapy techniques would appear to be appropriate. [source] Estimating driver risk using alcohol biomarkers, interlock blood alcohol concentration tests and psychometric assessments: initial descriptivesADDICTION, Issue 2 2010Paul Marques ABSTRACT Aim To identify alcohol biomarker and psychometric measures that relate to drivers' blood alcohol concentration (BAC) patterns from ignition interlock devices (IIDs). Design, setting, participants, measurements In Alberta, Canada, 534 drivers, convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI), installed IIDs and agreed to participate in a research study. IID BAC tests are an established proxy for predicting future DUI convictions. Three risk groups were defined by rates of failed BAC tests. Program entry and follow-up blood samples (n = 302, 171) were used to measure phosphatidyl ethanol (PETH), carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and other biomarkers. Program entry urine (n = 130) was analyzed for ethyl glucuronide (ETG) and ethyl sulphate (ETS). Entry hair samples were tested for fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) (n = 92) and ETG (n = 146). Psychometric measures included the DSM-4 Diagnostic Interview Schedule Alcohol Module, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the time-line follow-back (TLFB), the Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DRINC) and the Temptation and Restraint Inventory (TRI). Findings Except for FAEE, all alcohol biomarkers were related significantly to the interlock BAC test profiles; higher marker levels predicted higher rates of interlock BAC test failures. PETH, the strongest with an overall analysis of variance F ratio of 35.5, had significant correlations with all nine of the other alcohol biomarkers and with 16 of 19 psychometric variables. Urine ETG and ETS were correlated strongly with the IID BAC tests. Conclusions The findings suggest that several alcohol biomarkers and assessments could play an important role in the prediction and control of driver alcohol risk when re-licensing. [source] A review of gastrointestinal foreign bodiesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 6 2006A. A. Ayantunde Summary Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) foreign bodies represent a significant clinical problem in the Emergency Department, causing a high degree of financial burden, morbidity and mortality. A large variety of foreign bodies are accidentally ingested or inserted into the GIT in different age groups. This a retrospective review of 38 patients who presented to the Emergency Department with GIT foreign bodies between January 2001 and December 2004. Computer database and case note search of patients' personal data, nature of the foreign objects and mode of entry to the GIT were recorded. There were 30 males and eight females (M : F ratio of 3.75:1) with an age range of 10 months to 87 years (median age 25.5 years). Foreign body ingestion/insertion was accidental in 14 patients, deliberate in 11, for anal erotism in 11 and as a result of assault in two cases. The median time before presentation was 12 h, and the mean length of hospital stay was 1.7 days. Treatment was conservative in 15 patients; five patients had gastroscopic retrieval; 15 patients underwent examination under anaesthetic, retrieval and proctosigmoidoscopy and three patients underwent laparotomy for impacted foreign bodies. GIT foreign body ingestion or insertion is common; however, majority of cases can be successfully managed conservatively. [source] An updated clinical and epidemiological profile of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumour: a collaborative retrospective studyJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 7 2007Hans Peter Philipsen Background:, Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) is a benign odontogenic jaw lesion. The aim of this study was to update the biological profile of AOT. Material and methods:, Cases published in the literature and cases in files of co-authors were included. Results:, 550 new cases were retrieved, and of a total of 1082 cases analysed, 87.2% were found in the second and third decades. The M:F ratio was 1:1.9. 70.8% were of the follicular variant (extrafollicular: 26.9%, peripheral: 2.3%). 64.3% occurred in the maxilla. 60% of follicular AOTs were associated with unerupted canines. Nineteen cases of AOT (2.8%, M:F ratio was 1:1.4) were associated with embedded third molars. Twenty-two peripheral AOTs (2.3%, M:F ratio was 1:5.3) were recorded. The relative frequency (RF) of AOT ranged between 0.6% and 38.5%, revealing a considerably wider AOT/RF range than hitherto reported (2.2,7.1%). Conclusions:, This updated review based on the largest number of AOT cases ever presented, confirms the distinctive, although not pathognomonic clinicopathological profile of the AOT, its worldwide occurrence, and its consistently benign behaviour. [source] What factors affect lymph node yield in surgery for rectal cancer?COLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 5 2004C. C. Thorn Abstract Objective The detection of lymph node metastases is of vital importance in patients undergoing excisional surgery for rectal cancer as it provides important prognostic information and facilitates decision-making with regards to adjuvant therapy. It has been suggested that patients in whom only a small number of nodes are present in the excised specimen have a worse prognosis, presumably due to inadequate lymphadenectomy and consequent understaging of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine which factors affect the yield of lymph nodes. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients who had undergone a resection for histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the rectum. The total number of lymph nodes identified in the excised specimen was recorded in each case. A multivariate analysis was performed to ascertain whether this number was significantly influenced by any of several variables. Results A total of 167 patients were studied (M:F ratio 107 : 60, median age 70 years). The median number of lymph nodes contained within the resected specimen was 16 (interquartile range 10,21). On univariate analysis a significantly higher yield of lymph nodes was obtained with tumours in the middle third of the rectum (P = 0.007), larger tumours (P < 0.001), more locally advanced tumours according to both pT staging (P = 0.001) and Dukes' staging (P = 0.020), an increased number of involved nodes (P = 0.003) and examination by a specialist histopathologist (P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis the only significant variables were tumour size (P = 0.021), number of positive nodes (P = 0.007) and histopathologist (P = 0.021). Conclusions The number of lymph nodes identified within the excised specimen in patients undergoing resection of a rectal cancer positively correlates with the size of the tumour and is also dependent on the examining histopathologist. In addition, in node-positive patients the number of involved nodes increases with increasing lymph node yield. [source] Acclimation Strategy of a Biohydrogen Producing Population in a Continuous-Flow Reactor with Carbohydrate FermentationENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2006Q. Ren Abstract Poor startup of biological hydrogen production systems can cause an ineffective hydrogen production rate and poor biomass growth at a high hydraulic retention time (HRT), or cause a prolonged period of acclimation. In this paper a new startup strategy was developed in order to improve the enrichment of the hydrogen-producing population and the efficiency of hydrogen production. A continuously-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and molasses were used to evaluate the hydrogen productivity of the sewage sludge microflora at a temperature of 35,°C. The experimental results indicated that the feed to microorganism ratio (F/M ratio) was a key parameter for the enrichment of hydrogen producing sludge in a continuous-flow reactor. When the initial biomass was inoculated with 6.24,g of volatile suspended solids (VSS)/L, an HRT of 6,h, an initial organic loading rate (OLR) of 7.0,kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3,×,d) and an feed to microorganism ratio (F/M) ratio of about 2,3,g COD/(g of volatile suspended solids (VSS) per day) were maintained during startup. Under these conditions, a hydrogen producing population at an equilibrium state could be established within 30,days. The main liquid fermentation products were acetate and ethanol. Biogas was composed of H2 and CO2. The hydrogen content in the biogas amounted to 47.5,%. The average hydrogen yield was 2.01,mol/mol hexose consumed. It was also observed that a special hydrogen producing population was formed when this startup strategy was used. It is supposed that the population may have had some special metabolic pathways to produce hydrogen along with ethanol as the main fermentation products. [source] Inbreeding Coefficients for X-linked and Autosomal Genes in Consanguineous Marriages in Spanish Populations: The Case of Guipúzcoa (Basque Country)ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 2 2009R. Calderón Summary Inbreeding patterns over the past two centuries have been studied more extensively in Spain and Italy than anywhere else in Europe. Consanguinity studies in mainland Spain have shown that populations settled along the Cantabrian cornice share inbreeding patterns that distinguish them from other populations further south. A visual representation of spatial variations of two key inbreeding variables is presented here for the first time via contour maps. This paper also analyzes time trends of mean inbreeding coefficients for X-linked (Fx) and autosomal genes (F) (1862,1995) together with variations in Fx/F ratios in Guipúzcoa, the most autochthonous Spanish Basque province. Because close cousin marriages are a mark of identity of the study population, we evaluated the contribution of uncle-niece/aunt-nephew (M12) and first cousin (M22) marriages to Fx and F values and compared the frequencies of M12 and M22 pedigree subtypes and their corresponding Fx/F ratios to those found in other Spanish populations. The mean Fx and F inbreeding levels in Guipúzcoa for the 134-year period analyzed were 1.51 × 10,3 and 1.04 × 10,3, respectively, and the Fx/F ratio was seen to be very stable over time. Our findings show that major similarities exist for close consanguineous marriage subtypes between Basque and non-Basque Spanish populations, despite significant geographic variability in terms of first cousin pedigrees. The distortion seems to be caused by Guipúzcoa. The Fx/F ratios for first cousins in Spanish populations were higher than expected (1.25), with values ranging from 1.34 to 1.48. The findings of the present study may be useful for advancing knowledge on the effects of the interaction between biology and culture and for exploring associations between mating patterns and the prevalence of certain diseases. [source] Distribution of lymphoid neoplasms in the Republic of Korea: Analysis of 5318 cases according to the World Health Organization classification,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, Issue 10 2010Sun Och Yoon Compared with the West, the overall incidence of lymphoid neoplasms is lower, and the subtype distribution is distinct in Asia. To comprehensively investigate the subtype distribution with the age and sex factors, and temporal changes of subtype proportions, we re-assessed all patients with lymphoid neoplasms diagnosed at a large oncology service in the Republic of Korea from 1989 to 2008 using the World Health Organization classifications. Of the total 5,318 patients, 66.9% had mature B-cell neoplasms, 12.5% had mature T/natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms, 16.4% had precursor lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LBL), and 4.1% had Hodgkin's lymphoma. The most common subtypes were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (30.5%), plasma cell myeloma (14.0%), extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT lymphoma; 12.4%), B-cell ALL/LBL (11.3%), Hodgkin's lymphoma (4.1%), peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified (4.0%), T-cell ALL/LBL (3.9%), and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type (3.9%). Most subtypes showed male predominance, with an average M/F ratio of 1.3. Most mature lymphoid neoplasms were diseases of adults (mean age, 53.5 yr), whereas ALL/LBLs were of young individuals (mean age, 20.3 yr). When the relative proportion of subtypes were compared between two decades (1989,1998 vs. 1999,2008), especially MALT lymphoma has increased in proportion, whereas T/NK-cell neoplasms and ALL/LBL have slightly decreased. In summary, the lymphoid neoplasms of Koreans shared some epidemiologic features similar to those of other countries, whereas some subtypes showed distinct features. Although the increase in incidence of lymphoid neoplasms is relatively modest in Korea, recent increase of MALT lymphoma and decrease of T/NK-cell neoplasms and ALL/LBL are interesting findings. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Antenatal renal pelvic measurements: what do they mean?BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2001J.E.S. Scott Objective To analyse data on cases with urological abnormalities recorded over a 15-year period (1984,98) by the Northern Region Congenital Abnormality Survey (NorCAS), with special reference to fetal renal pelvic measurements. Materials and methods Data on all urological cases recorded in the NorCAS database and in notification documents forwarded from hospitals in the Northern Region were extracted and incorporated in a separate unattributable database for analysis. Specific fields for filing recorded fetal renal pelvic measurements with their corresponding gestational ages were inserted; it was ensured as far as possible that these measurements were made in the anteroposterior plane. Results The total number of cases analysed was 2737; a measurement of the fetal renal pelvis was recorded in 813, and more than once in 468, giving 1301 measurement episodes with the corresponding gestational ages, pregnancy and postnatal outcome. The male/female (M/F) ratio was significantly higher in those cases which had a fetal renal pelvic measurement recorded than in those which had not. This was because there was a 12/1 M/F ratio in measured cases of vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). Few cases of VUR had a fetal renal pelvic measurement recorded. The difference in the fetal renal pelvic measurements between those cases which were normal postnatally and those which had a structural abnormality, an obstructive lesion or VUR became significant at 7 mm and at 18 weeks of gestational age. Over the whole period the proportion of cases in which micturating cysto-urethrography was technically possible and might have contributed to the diagnosis was 28.5%; the highest was 44.1% in 1998. Conclusions Antenatal renal dilatation occurs infrequently in the presence of VUR and when it does, the fetus will probably be male. Antenatal ultrasonography is unlikely to contribute to detecting VUR in females, the gender in whom early diagnosis is particularly desirable. Other means of suspecting VUR antenatally, e.g. the family history or genetic coding, may be more valuable. A measurement of the fetal renal pelvis of ,7 mm at a gestational age of 18 weeks should prompt subsequent careful ultrasonography during the pregnancy and early postnatal investigation of the urinary tract. The diagnosis of VUR should not be excluded because the fetal renal pelvis is only minimally dilated if the fetus is female. [source] Diversity in fertility patterns in GuatemalaPOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 6 2006Sofie De Broe Abstract This study investigates urban and rural fertility trends in Guatemala up to 2002. It also aims to establish, using the theory of diffusion as its theoretical framework, the extent to which ethnicity and ethnic diversity are associated with geographical patterns in local-level fertility after controlling for socio-economic indicators. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 1987, 1995,96 and 1998,99, the National Maternal and Child Health Survey of 2002 and the Census of 2002 were used. P/F ratios were calculated and used as an analytical tool and quality control measure of the data in order to establish the timing of changes in fertility patterns as measured by age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) based on exact exposure in four-year periods from 1972 to 2002. Finally, the 2002 census data were used to analyse and model fertility at the municipio- level using ordinary least squares regression. The results suggest a steady but very slow decline in fertility from 1972 until the mid-1990s. Both the P/F ratios and ASFRs calculated using the Maternal and Child Health Survey and Census of 2002 show a sharp decline in fertility since 1998. The regression results for the census data suggest an independent and significant effect of ,proportion of indigenous people' and an almost significant effect of ethnic diversity on fertility at the municipio -level. The very slow decline in fertility in Guatemala until fairly recently can be attributed to the fact that Guatemala has been lagging behind in terms of socio-economic development and the additional challenge of having a culturally very diverse and segregated population, preventing the spread of modern reproductive ideas and behaviour. The accelerated fertility decline since the end of the 1990s seems likely to be associated with the widespread availability and increased uptake of family planning following declining fertility desires among its indigenous population. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Effects of growth and measurement light intensities on temperature dependence of CO2 assimilation rate in tobacco leavesPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 3 2010WATARU YAMORI ABSTRACT Effects of growth light intensity on the temperature dependence of CO2 assimilation rate were studied in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) because growth light intensity alters nitrogen allocation between photosynthetic components. Leaf nitrogen, ribulose 1·5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytochrome f (cyt f) contents increased with increasing growth light intensity, but the cyt f/Rubisco ratio was unaltered. Mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion (gm) measured with carbon isotope discrimination increased with growth light intensity but not with measuring light intensity. The responses of CO2 assimilation rate to chloroplast CO2 concentration (Cc) at different light intensities and temperatures were used to estimate the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax) and the chloroplast electron transport rate (J). Maximum electron transport rates were linearly related to cyt f content at any given temperature (e.g. 115 and 179 µmol electrons mol,1 cyt f s,1 at 25 and 40 °C, respectively). The chloroplast CO2 concentration (Ctrans) at which the transition from RuBP carboxylation to RuBP regeneration limitation occurred increased with leaf temperature and was independent of growth light intensity, consistent with the constant ratio of cyt f/Rubisco. In tobacco, CO2 assimilation rate at 380 µmol mol,1 CO2 concentration and high light was limited by RuBP carboxylation above 32 °C and by RuBP regeneration below 32 °C. [source] Temperature acclimation of photosynthesis in spinach leaves: analyses of photosynthetic components and temperature dependencies of photosynthetic partial reactionsPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 4 2005WATARU YAMORI ABSTRACT Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) plants were grown under the day/night temperature regime of 15/10 °C (LT) or 30/25 °C (HT). The plants were also transferred from HT to LT when the sample leaves were at particular developmental stages (HL-transfer). With fully mature leaves, the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (A) at the ambient CO2 concentration (Ca) of 1500 µL L,1 (A1500) and the initial slope of A versus intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) at low Ci region (IS) were obtained to assess capacities of RuBP regeneration and carboxylation. Photosynthetic components including Rubisco and cytochrome f (Cyt f) were also determined. The optimum temperatures for A at Ca of 360 µL L,1 (A360), A1500 and IS in HT leaves were 27, 36 and 24 °C, whereas those in LT leaves were 18, 30 and 18 °C. The optimum temperatures in HL-transfer leaves approached those of LT leaves with the increase in the duration at LT. The shift in the optimum temperature was greater and quicker for IS than A1500. By the HL-transfer, the maximum values of A1500 and IS also increased. The maximum A1500 and Cyt f content increased more promptly than IS and Rubisco content. Changes in the Cyt f/Rubisco ratio were reflected to those in the A1500/IS ratio. Taken together, photosynthetic acclimation to low temperature in spinach leaves was due not only to the change in the balance of the absolute rates of RuBP regeneration and carboxylation but also to the large change in the optimum temperature of RuBP carboxylation. [source] Changes in molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen during treatment with finasterideBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2002F. Espańa Objective ,To study the influence of finasteride treatment on the molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients and methods ,Total PSA, free PSA and PSA complexed to ,1 -antichymotrypsin (PSA-,1ACT) were measured in plasma and serum from 40 men with BPH and a total PSA of <,20 ng/mL, using in-house and commercial immunoassays, before and during treatment with finasteride (30 men) or placebo (10 men). Results ,The baseline values were not significantly different between the groups, with mean (sd) total plasma PSA levels of 3.6 (4.3) and 4.8 (5.9) ng/mL in the finasteride and placebo groups, respectively. Finasteride, but not placebo, induced a significant reduction in total PSA, free PSA and PSA-,1ACT levels in plasma and serum (P < 0.001). However, complexed-to-total (c/t) and free-to-total (f/t) PSA ratios remained constant in both groups, both in plasma and serum, during the follow-up. Conclusion ,The decrease in total PSA after finasteride treatment results from a proportional reduction in its two major molecular forms, free PSA and PSA-,1ACT, which explains why the c/t and f/tPSA ratios do not change significantly despite treatment. This suggests that routine analysis of molecular forms of PSA could improve the utility of the change in total PSA associated with finasteride for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. It also suggests that any subsequent change in both ratios, particularly an increase in c/tPSA or a decrease in f/tPSA ratio, could be considered an early sign of neoplastic degeneration rather than a therapeutic consequence. [source] Particle energies and filling fractions of radio bubbles in cluster coresMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 3 2004R. J. H. Dunn ABSTRACT Using Chandra images of cluster cores with clear radio bubbles, we have determined k, which is the ratio of the total particle energy to that of the electrons radiating between 10 MHz and 10 GHz. Radiative and dynamical constraints on the bubbles indicate that the ratio of the energy factor, k, to the volume filling factor, f, lies within the range 1 ,k/f, 1000. Assuming pressure equilibrium between the radio-emitting plasma and the surrounding X-ray gas, none of the lobes has equipartition between relativistic particles and magnetic field. There is no evidence for any dependence of the upper limit of the k/f ratio on any physical parameter of the cluster or the radio source. The distribution of the upper limit on k/f appears to be bimodal, the value being ,3 for some clusters and ,300 for the others. We show that this may be due to the composition of the jet which forms the bubbles, the variation in the volume filling fraction or variation in the amount of reacceleration occurring in the bubble. [source] | ||||||||||||||||