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Extracts Used (extract + used)
Selected AbstractsBotanical Extracts Used in the Treatment of CelluliteDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2005Doris Hexsel MD Background. Cellulite is defined as skin relief alterations that give the skin an orange peel or mattress appearance. The lesions tend to be asymptomatic and may be considered the anatomic expressions of the structures in the affected area, such as the fat and subcutaneous septa. Objective. The present article reviews the most important botanical extracts used as active ingredients in the treatment of cellulite, as well as the steps to obtain these botanicals as raw material and their standardization and quality control, which are important to guarantee their therapeutic action. Methods. The current literature was reviewed, and we also obtained information from the manufacturers of the prducts that contained botanicals because of the few publications about this subject. Conclusions. The reduction in fat deposits through the continuous use of anticellulite products depends on the availability of the active ingredient at the action site, the concentration of the ingredient in the formulation, and the physiochemical characteristics particular to each active ingredient. The botanicals used in topical products must have standardized extracts, which would permit each phytomedicine to have the same effect anywhere in the world. New scientific research is necessary to verify the efficacy and ideal concentrations of such substances. DORIS HEXSEL, MD, CECILIA ORLANDI, MD, AND DEBORA ZECHMEISTER DO PRADO, PHARM, HAVE INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT INTEREST WITH COMMERCIAL SUPPORTERS. [source] ANTIOXBDANT PROPERTIES OF OREGANO (ORIGANUM VULGARE) LEAF EXTRACTSJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2000GIOVANNA CERVATO ABSTRACT We tested the antioxidant properties of both aqueous and methanolic extracts of oregano (origanum vulgare) They proved to be effective in the inhibition of all phases of the peroxidative process: first neutralizing free radicals (superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), then blocking peroxidation catalysis by iron (through iron-chelating and iron-oxidizing properties), and finally through interruption of lipid-radical chain reactions (chain-breaking activity). Their anti-glycosylation activity was also effective. The glycosylation oflipoproteins is directly related to their peroxidation. The amount of extract used in our experiments was obtained from 0.1,1 mg of dried leaves, amounts far less than those normally used in the Mediterranean diet. [source] Embryonic stem cells produce neurotrophins in response to cerebral tissue extract: Cell line-dependent differencesJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 5 2007Kristine Bentz Abstract In the present study, we compare the capacity of two different embryonic stem (ES) cell lines to secrete neurotrophins in response to cerebral tissue extract derived from healthy or injured rat brains. The intrinsic capacity of the embryonic cell lines BAC7 (feeder cell-dependent cultivation) to release brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) exceeded the release of these factors by CGR8 cells (feeder cell-free growth) by factors of 10 and 4, respectively. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was secreted only by BAC7 cells. Conditioning of cell lines with cerebral tissue extract derived from healthy or fluid percussion-injured rat brains resulted in a significant time-dependent increase in BDNF release in both cell lines. The increase in BDNF release by BAC7 cells was more pronounced when cells were incubated with brain extract derived from injured brain. However, differences in neurotrophin release associated with the origin of brain extract were at no time statistically significant. Neutrophin-3 and NGF release was inhibited when cell lines were exposed to cerebral tissue extract. The magnitude of the response to cerebral tissue extract was dependent on the intrinsic capacity of the cell lines to release neurotrophins. Our results clearly demonstrate significant variations in the intrinsic capability of different stem cell lines to produce neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, a significant modulation of neurotrophic factor release was observed following conditioning of cell lines with tissue extract derived from rat brains. A significant modulation of neurotrophin release dependent on the source of cerebral tissue extract used was not observed. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Anaesthesia, sedation and transportation of juvenile Menidia estor (Jordan) using benzocaine and hypothermiaAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2007Lindsay G Ross Abstract Anaesthesia, sedation and transportation of the Atherinopsid, Menidia estor, were investigated using benzocaine, hypothermia and combinations of the two. The optimum dose rates of benzocaine for sedation of juvenile Chirostoma estor were 15 and 18 mg L,1. When hypothermia was used alone, stable sedation of C. estor was induced at 15 and 12°C, with no mortalities and full recovery after about 8 min. There was synergism when benzocaine and hypothermia were combined, with the optimal combination being at 15°C and 12 mg L,1 benzocaine. Successful transportation was conducted over 3.5 and 8.5 h using combined benzocaine and hypothermia. Aloe vera extract used in the transportation medium reduced scale loss. This work has, for the first time, defined a systematically derived system of safe, long distance, live transportation of this species and others of the genus Menidia. [source] Botanical Extracts Used in the Treatment of CelluliteDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2005Doris Hexsel MD Background. Cellulite is defined as skin relief alterations that give the skin an orange peel or mattress appearance. The lesions tend to be asymptomatic and may be considered the anatomic expressions of the structures in the affected area, such as the fat and subcutaneous septa. Objective. The present article reviews the most important botanical extracts used as active ingredients in the treatment of cellulite, as well as the steps to obtain these botanicals as raw material and their standardization and quality control, which are important to guarantee their therapeutic action. Methods. The current literature was reviewed, and we also obtained information from the manufacturers of the prducts that contained botanicals because of the few publications about this subject. Conclusions. The reduction in fat deposits through the continuous use of anticellulite products depends on the availability of the active ingredient at the action site, the concentration of the ingredient in the formulation, and the physiochemical characteristics particular to each active ingredient. The botanicals used in topical products must have standardized extracts, which would permit each phytomedicine to have the same effect anywhere in the world. New scientific research is necessary to verify the efficacy and ideal concentrations of such substances. DORIS HEXSEL, MD, CECILIA ORLANDI, MD, AND DEBORA ZECHMEISTER DO PRADO, PHARM, HAVE INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT INTEREST WITH COMMERCIAL SUPPORTERS. [source] Lichen extracts as raw materials in perfumery.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Part 2: treemoss Abstract This is a comprehensive review of extracts from the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (treemoss) that are used in the fragrance industry. Qualitative and quantitative analytical aspects are critically reviewed and the results are compared to those of the related oakmoss extracts. It is shown that more than 90 constituents have been identified so far in treemoss extracts, including 42 depsides, depsidones or depside-derived compounds, and 42 triterpenes or steroids. Constituents of certain host trees, mainly Pinus species, generate specific analytical and toxicological issues which need to be considered in addition to those related to the known degradation products of lichen compounds. A new classification of lichen extracts used as raw materials in fragrance compounding is proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Characterization of Bet v 1-related allergens from kiwifruit relevant for patients with combined kiwifruit and birch pollen allergyMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue S2 2008Christina Oberhuber Abstract Allergy to kiwifruit appears to have become more common in Europe and elsewhere during the past several years. Seven allergens have been identified from kiwifruit so far, with actinidin, kiwellin and the thaumatin-like protein as the most relevant ones. In contrast to other fruits, no Bet v 1 homologues were characterized from kiwifruit so far. We cloned, purified, and characterized recombinant Bet v 1-homologous allergens from green (Actinidia deliciosa, Act d 8) and gold (Actinidia chinensis, Act c 8) kiwifruit, and confirmed the presence of its natural counterpart by inhibition assays. Well-characterized recombinant Act d 8 and Act c 8 were recognized by birch pollen/kiwifruit (confirmed by double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge) allergic patients in IgE immunoblots and ELISA experiments. The present data point out that Bet v 1 homologues are allergens in kiwifruit and of relevance for patients sensitized to tree pollen and kiwifruit, and might have been neglected so far due to low abundance in the conventional extracts used for diagnosis. [source] MALDI-TOF MS analysis of labile Lolium perenne major allergens in mixesCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 8 2008S. G. Irañeta Summary Background It is well known that allergen extracts used for specific therapy of allergic disorders are commonly stored as mixtures, causing an alteration of its stability. Objective The aim of this report is to identify pollen allergens susceptible to degradation during storage of mixtures containing different sources of proteases in the absence of glycerol as a preserving agent. Methods Mixes containing Lolium perenne (Lol p) pollen extract with either Aspergillus fumigatus or Periplaneta americana extracts were prepared and co-incubated for 90 days at 4 °C. Samples were taken off at fixed times and comparatively tested by in vitro and in vivo assays with atopic patients. Selected pollinic allergens were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Results ELISA inhibition evidenced the loss of potency from ryegrass extract, and immunoblotting assays showed the degradation of specific pollinic allergens during storage of mixtures containing protease-rich sources. An in vivo intradermal skin assay confirmed the gradual loss of the biological activity of L. perenne pollen extract co-incubated with non-related protease-rich extracts in comparison with that of the control pollen extract. MALDI-TOF MS analysis allowed us to determine that Lol p 1 and Lol p 5 are susceptible to proteolysis whereas Lol p 4 was found to be resistant to degradation during storage. Conclusions Lol p 1 and Lol p 5 degradation is responsible for the loss of the biological activity of L. perenne pollen extract when co-incubated with protease-rich fungal and cockroach extracts in the same vial for months in the absence of glycerol as a preserving agent. The integrity of these major allergens must be preserved to increase the vaccine stability and to assure efficacy when mixes are used for immunotherapy. [source] Heterogeneity of commercial timothy grass pollen extractsCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 8 2008M. Focke Summary Background The diagnosis and specific immunotherapy of allergy is currently performed with allergen extracts prepared from natural allergen sources. Objective To analyse commercial timothy grass pollen allergen extracts used for in vivo diagnosis regarding their qualitative and quantitative allergen composition and in vivo biological activity. Methods Antibodies specific for eight timothy grass pollen allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 4, Phl p 5, Phl p 6, Phl p 7, Phl p 12, Phl p 13) were used to detect these allergens in timothy grass pollen extracts from four manufacturers by immunoblotting. ELISA assays were developed and used to quantify the three major allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5) in the extracts. The magnitude of skin responses to the four extracts was studied by skin prick testing in 10 grass pollen-allergic patients. Results The allergen extracts showed broad variations in protein compositions and amounts (24.1,197.7 ,g/mL extract). Several allergens could not be detected in certain extracts or appeared degraded. A considerable variability regarding the contents of major allergens was found (Phl p 1: 32,384 ng/mL; Phl p 2: 1128,6530 ng/mL, Phl p 5: 40,793 ng/mL). Heterogeneous skin test results were obtained with the extracts in grass pollen-allergic patients. Conclusions Timothy grass pollen extracts from different manufacturers exhibit a considerable heterogeneity regarding the presence of individual allergens and hence yield varying in vivo test results. Problems related to the use of natural grass pollen allergen extracts may be circumvented by using defined recombinant grass pollen allergens. [source] | ||||||||||||||||