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Extract Treatment (extract + treatment)
Selected AbstractsInteraction of Drugs and Chinese Herbs: Pharmacokinetic Changes of Tolbutamide and Diazepam Caused by Extract of Angelica dahuricaJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 8 2000KAZUHISA ISHIHARA The inhibitory effects of Angelica dahurica root extract on rat liver microsomal cytochrome P450 and drug-drug interactions were studied. The 2,- and 16,-hydroxylase activity of testosterone were most strongly inhibited, with 17.2% and 28.5% of their activity remaining, respectively, after oral administration of A. dahurica extract at a 1 g kg,1 dose. 6,-Hydroxylase activity was also inhibited, with 70% of its activity remaining, under the same conditions. In addition, treatment with the extract inhibited the metabolism of tolbutamide, nifedipine and bufuralol. These results showed that the extract inhibited the various isoforms of cytochrome P450 such as CYP2C, CYP3A and CYP2D1. The A. dahurica extract delayed elimination of tolbutamide after intravenous administration at a 10 mg kg,1 dose to rats. Thus, the extract altered the liver intrinsic clearance. It had little effect, however, on the pharmacokinetic parameters of diazepam after intravenous administration at 10 mg kg,1. Since diazepam showed high clearance, it underwent hepatic blood flow rate-limited metabolism. Therefore, the change of intrinsic clearance had little effect on hepatic clearance. However, the Cmax value after oral administration of diazepam with extract treatment was four times that with non-treatment. It was suggested that the first-pass effect was changed markedly by the extract. High-dose (1 g kg,1), but not low dose (0.3 g kg,1), administration of A. dahurica extract increased significantly the duration of rotarod disruption following intravenous administration of diazepam at 5 mg kg,1. It was concluded that administration of A. dahurica extract has the potential to interfere with the metabolism, by liver cytochrome P450, of other drugs. [source] Effect of coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) ethanol extract on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009Maryam Eidi Abstract Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is grown as a spice crop all over the world. The seeds have been used to treat indigestion, diabetes, rheumatism and pain in the joints. In the present study, an ethanol extract of the seeds was investigated for effects on insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital sinus before and 1.5, 3 and 5 h after administration of the seed extract. Serum glucose levels were determined by the glucose oxidase method. To determine the insulin releasing activity, after extract treatment the animals were anaesthetized by diethyl ether, the pancreas was excised, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for sectioning. Pancreatic sections of 5 µm were processed for examination of insulin-releasing activity using an immunocytochemistry kit. The results showed that administration of the ethanol extract (200 and 250 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited a significant reduction in serum glucose. Administration of streptozotocin decreased the number of beta cells with insulin secretory activity in comparison with intact rats, but treatment with the coriander seed extract (200 mg/kg) increased significantly the activity of the beta cells in comparison with the diabetic control rats. The extract decreased serum glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Modulatory influence of Andrographis paniculata on mouse hepatic and extrahepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant statusPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 5 2001Rana P. Singh Abstract The effects of two doses (50 and 100,mg/kg body wt/day for 14 days) of an 80% hydroalcohol extract of Andrographis paniculata and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were examined on drug metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation in the liver of Swiss albino mice (6,8 weeks old). The effect of the extract and BHA were also examined on lung, kidney and forestomach for the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. A significant increase in the levels of acid soluble sulphydryl (-SH) content, cytochrome P450, cytochrome P450 reductase, cytochrome b5 reductase, GST, DTD and SOD were observed at both dose levels of extract treatment while catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase (GR) showed significant increases only at the higher dose in the liver. Both Andrographis treated groups showed a significant decrease in activity of LDH and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. BHA treated mice showed a significant increase in the levels of cytochrome b5, GST, DTD, -SH content, GR and catalase in liver; while LDH and MDA levels were reduced significantly compared with their control values. In the lung, SOD, catalase and DTD, in the kidney catalase, DTD and GST, and in the forestomach SOD and DTD showed a significant increase at both dose levels of treatment. In BHA treated mice GST, DTD and catalase were significantly induced in the lung and along with these enzymes SOD was also induced in the kidney. In the case of the forestomach of BHA treated mice GST, DTD and SOD were enhanced significantly. These findings indicate the chemopreventive potential of Andrographis paniculata against chemotoxicity including carcinogenicity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Zebrafish embryo extracts promote sphere-forming abilities of human melanoma cell lineCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 8 2009Yi-Rang Na Sphere-forming abilities in culture condition are considered a hallmark of cancer stem-like cells, which represents tumor cell invasiveness and stem-like characteristics. We aimed to show that the sphere-forming subpopulation of human malignant melanoma cell line WM-266-4 acts differently to zebrafish embryo extracts compared with their bulk counterpart. Spheres were maintained in neural stem cell culture conditions. The embryos of zebrafish at specific developmental stages were collected and the extracts were purified under 100 kDa. Spheres were treated with embyo extracts and proliferation assay and immunocytochemistry were conducted. Spheroid cells expressed nestin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but not melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells (MART)1, indicating their stem-like character. Zebrafish embryo extracts at 50% epiboly stage inhibited melanoma bulk cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, sphere-forming abilities were significantly enhanced under 1 µg/mL concentration of 50% epiboly stage embryo extract treatment. Our findings implicate that we should consider cell subsets of a different character from the tumor origin that can respond differently to exogenous substances or tumor microenvironments. We suggest that cancer research should consider both minor stem-like subpopulations and the other major bulk tumor cells. (Cancer Sci 2009) [source] EFFECTS OF PRUNE EXTRACT ON BLOOD PRESSURE ELEVATION IN STROKE-PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATSCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2007Hiroko Negishi SUMMARY 1Prunes are recognized as a health food. They contain large amounts of phenolics and show high anti-oxidant activity. In this study, both hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion were scavenged by prune extract in electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis. 2In angiotensin II challenged vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was decreased in caffeic acid-treated cells compared with the control. 3After 5 weeks of prune extract treatment, the elevation of blood pressure in the prune extract-treated SHRSP was suppressed in comparison with the control group. 4Our findings suggest that prune extract may contribute to the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. [source] Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction of some selected marine bacteria metabolitesJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2005J. Lin Abstract Aims:, To study the potential apoptosis effects of cytotoxic marine bacterial metabolites on human HeLa cell line. Methods and Results:, After HeLa cells were routinely cultured, tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for cytotoxicity was performed to screen the marine bacteria extracts showing 12 strains active. To find the potential active strain with apoptosis mechanism, a battery of apoptosis assays, including AO/EB staining, TUNEL assay (terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labelling), gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry, were used to determine whether apoptosis was involved in HeLa cell cytotoxicity of marine bacterial extracts. The results indicated that four strains could induce cell shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, formation of apoptotic body and DNA fragmentation. Conclusions:, Crude extracts of 12 of 153 strains of marine bacteria showed cytotoxic effects with ID50 ranged from 77·20 to 199·84 ,g ml,1, in which eight strains of bacteria were associated bacteria. The metabolites in the strains of QD1-2, NJ6-3-1, NJ1-1-1 and SS6-4 were able to induce HeLa cells apoptosis. Furthermore, the assessment by flow cytometry indicated that the hypodiploid apoptotic cells increased in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that induced apoptosis occurred from 24 h to 48 h after the extracts treatment. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Our results suggested that the compounds from fermentation in these four marine bacterial strains could be candidates for developing apoptosis specific anti-tumour agents with lower toxicity. This study indicated that associated marine bacteria could be good source to find cytotoxic metabolites, and some cytotoxic marine bacterial metabolites could have apoptosis mechanisms. [source] | ||||||||||