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Extract Alone (extract + alone)

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Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Tolerogenic dendritic cells pulsed with enterobacterial extract suppress development of colitis in the severe combined immunodeficiency transfer model

IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
A. E. Pedersen
Summary Immunomodulatory dendritic cells (DCs) that induce antigen-specific T-cell tolerance upon in vivo adoptive transfer are promising candidates for immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases. The feasibility of such a strategy has recently proved its efficacy in animal models of allotransplantation and experimental allergic encephalitis, but the effect in inflammatory bowel disease has not yet been demonstrated. In severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, adoptively transferred CD4+ CD25, T cells repopulate the lymphoid tissues and lead to development of chronic colitis characterized by CD4+ T-cell proliferation against enterobacterial extract in vitro. In this model, we adoptively transferred in-vitro -generated bone-marrow-derived DCs exposed to interleukin-10 (IL-10) and an enterobacterial extract. We show that these cells are CD11c positive with intermediate expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 and have a diminished secretion of IL-6, IL-12 p40/70, tumour necrosis factor-, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) compared to DCs treated with enterobacterial extract alone. In vivo, these cells prevented weight loss in SCID mice adoptively transferred with CD4+ CD25, T cells, resulted in a lower histopathology colitis score and tended to result in higher serum levels of IL-1,, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, KC and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG). These data underscore the potential of using immunomodulatory DCs to control inflammatory bowel disease and demonstrate its potential use in future human therapeutic settings. [source]

Tunisian radish extract (Raphanus sativus) enhances the antioxidant status and protects against oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in Balb/c mice

JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 1 2008
Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès
Abstract Radish (Raphanus sativus) is a food plant known worldwide. From antiquity it has been used in folk medicine as a natural drug against many toxicants. Zearalenone (zen) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin present in corn and food mixture for farm animals and it is hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic and genotoxic. The objectives of the present study were to assess the biological activity of radish extract and to evaluate the protective role of radish extract against the toxicity of zen in female Balb/c mice. Animals were divided into seven groups and treated orally for 10 days as follows: a control, an olive oil group, groups treated with radish extract alone (5, 10 and 15 mg kg,1 b.w.), a group treated with zen (40 mg kg,1 b.w.) and a group treated with zen plus the lowest dose of radish extract. The results indicate that radish extract improved the antioxidant status and had no significant effects on hematological and biochemical parameters tested or histology of the liver and kidney. Treatment with zen results in a significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, BILT, BILD, CRE accompanied with significant changes in most of hematological parameters and the antioxidant enzyme activities, co-treatment of zen and the radish extract results in a significant reestablishment of hematological, serum biochemical parameters, and the histology of the liver and kidney. These findings suggest that radish extract is safe and can be overcome or, at least, significantly diminish zen effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Green tea extract weakens the antibacterial effect of amoxicillin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected mice

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010
Qing Peng
Abstract Tea (Camellia sinensis) has been known for its modulation of resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to ,-lactam antibiotics in vitro. This study aimed to confirm the in vitro effect of green tea extracts with ,-lactams and to determine whether green tea extracts can reduce the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amoxicillin in MRSA-infected mice. The catechins in the test tea that account for the reduced resistance to ,-lactams were quantitatively determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The MICs of the ampicillin, cefazolin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, tea extract alone and tea extract in combination with ,-lactams were determined. Proportions of tea extracts and amoxicillin-tea extract combinations were administered to groups of mice enterally. The in vitro experiment showed that the MICs of four ,-lactams were greatly decreased in the presence of 0.25% tea extract. However, in an in vivo experiment, amoxicillin in combination with 5% tea extract conferred a higher ED50 than that of antibiotic alone. Green tea extract, alone or in combination with amoxicillin, does not have protective benefits in MRSA-infected mice. This study concluded that tea extract weakened the antibacterial effect of amoxicillin in MRSA infected mice. Tea drinking is not recommended in combination with amoxicillin treatment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Whole body extract of Mediterranean fruit fly males elicits high attraction in virgin females

ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, Issue 1 2008
Vassilis G. Mavraganis
Abstract The search for effective female attractants emanating from the host or body of fruit flies has been an area of intensive research for over three decades. In the present study, bodies of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), were extracted with diethyl ether or methanol and subjected to gas chromatography,mass spectrometry. Analysis revealed substantial qualitative and quantitative differences between males from a laboratory culture and wild males captured alive in an orchard. Most notably, the hydrocarbon sesquiterpene (±)-,-copaene, which is known to be involved in the sexual behaviour of the species, was found in substantial amounts in wild males, but was not detected in laboratory males. In laboratory tests, 15 laboratory or wild male equivalents of diethyl ether extracts or combined diethyl ether and methanol extracts, or, to a lesser extent, methanol extracts alone, were found to attract virgin females. In a citrus orchard, traps baited with combined diethyl ether and methanol extracts of wild males attracted significantly more virgin females than traps baited with various doses of pyranone or blends of other compounds identified in the extracts or reported in the literature, such as ethyl acetate, ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate, and 1-pyrroline. Traps baited with blends of compounds, however, displayed substantial attractiveness compared to control (non-baited) traps. These results are important for better understanding the mating system of C. capitata as well as for further improving existing monitoring and control systems. [source]