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Exterior Surface (exterior + surface)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	33%

Selected Abstracts

Cadherin 13 in cancer

GENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 9 2010
Alexandra V. Andreeva
We review the evidence suggesting the involvement of Cadherin 13 (CDH13, T-cadherin, H-cadherin) in various cancers. CDH13 is an atypical member of the cadherin family, devoid of a transmembrane domain and anchored to the exterior surface of the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. CDH13 is thought to affect cellular behavior largely through its signaling properties. It is often down-regulated in cancerous cells. CDH13 down-regulation has been associated with poorer prognosis in various carcinomas, such as lung, ovarian, cervical and prostate cancer. CDH13 re-expression in most cancer cell lines inhibits cell proliferation and invasiveness, increases susceptibility to apoptosis, and reduces tumor growth in in vivo models. These properties suggest that CDH13 may represent a possible target for therapy in some cancers. At the same time, CDH13 is up-regulated in blood vessels growing through tumors and promotes tumor neovascularization. In contrast to most cancer cell lines, CDH13 overexpression in endothelial cells promotes their proliferation and migration, and has a pro-survival effect. We also discuss molecular mechanisms that may regulate CDH13 expression and underlie its roles in cancer. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Intracellular Distribution of Macrophage Targeting Ferritin,Iron Oxide Nanocomposite

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 4 2009
Masaki Uchida
Intracellular distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles incorporated within a ferritin mutant that displays genetically introduced cell-targeted peptides (RGD-4C) on its exterior surface are investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy with a high-angle annular dark-field detector. The particles (indicated by arrows) internalized into macrophages much more effectively than those with noncell-targeted ferritin. [source]

On the nature of Ti(IV)-pillared layered metal hydroxides prepared from green, water-soluble Ti-peroxide

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010
Jing He
Abstract Ti-peroxide pillared layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been prepared for the first time using water-soluble Ti-peroxide as an intercalating precursor. It is novel and alluring that the whole preparation procedure does not involve any usage of organic or chlorine-containing hazards. Intercalated into the LDH interlayer region, Ti-peroxide is prevented partially from condensation in the solvent evaporation. The interlayer TiO2 unit exists in triangular (,2) structure with C2, symmetry in most cases, giving an interlayer gallery of 0.50,0.60 nm. But in the case of pH 4.0, monodentate (,1) structure is also observed, giving an interlayer gallery of 0.70 nm. All the Ti-peroxide pillared LDHs prepared in this work show catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of thioether. The Ti-peroxide introduced into the interlayer regions of Mg/Al LDH with a particle size of around 50,120 nm exhibits better recyclability than Ti-peroxide gel, either in bulk or adsorbed on the exterior surface of LDH particles. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010 [source]

Prediction of fire classification for wood based products.

FIRE AND MATERIALS, Issue 3 2007
A multivariate statistical approach based on the cone calorimeter
Abstract Wood has long traditions as a building material, and is often used in construction elements, and as interior and exterior surfaces in the Nordic countries. In most applications, there are reaction to fire requirements to products used as surfaces, e.g. in escape routes and larger public spaces. Most wood products will therefore have to be treated with fire retardant (FR) agents to fulfil the strict requirements to properties connected to heat release and flame spread. Unfortunately, FR agents usually also increase the smoke production, as they cause a more incomplete combustion of the wood. The wood product manufacturers seek to find the optimal amount of FR additives where both heat release and smoke production in the classifying test are within the requirements given in the building regulations. This paper describes models for prediction of the European reaction to fire classes of wood products. The models are based on multivariate statistical analysis, and use test results from the cone calorimeter test as input. The presented models are, with very good precision, able to predict which Euroclass and additional smoke class a wood based product would obtain if it were to be tested in the single burning item test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Development of a Steam Treatment to Eliminate Listeria monocytogenes From King Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2002
P.J. Bremer
ABSTRACT: A pilot plant steam treatment system was developed to reduce L. monocytogenes contamination on exterior surfaces of King Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha prior to processing. Numbers of surviving L. monocytogenes cells on the surface were determined using an enrichment-based Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. Inoculated L. monocytogenes cells were not recovered from the surface of salmon after exposure to the steam treatment for 8 sec. A 4-log reduction in L. monocytogenes numbers was obtained. Treated salmon could be processed into a high-yielding, high-quality cold smoked product. An in-plant system was subsequently shown to reduce "naturally" occurring L. monocytogenes numbers and produce a high quality final product. [source]

Multi-generational carbonate assemblages in martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001: Implications for nucleation, growth, and alteration

METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 1 2004
Catherine M. CORRIGAN
These regions contain familiar forms of carbonate, as well as textural forms previously unreported including carbonate rosettes, planiform "slab" carbonates, distinct "post-slab" magnesites, and carbonates interstitial to feldspathic glass and orthopyroxene. Slab carbonates reveal portions of the carbonate growth sequence not seen in the rosettes and suggest that initial nucleating compositions were calcite-rich. The kinetically controlled growth of rosettes and slab carbonates was followed by an alteration event that formed the magnesite-siderite layers on the exterior surfaces of the carbonate. Post-slab magnesite, intimately associated with silica glass, is compositionally similar to the magnesite in these exterior layers but represents a later generation of carbonate growth. Feldspathic glasses had little or no thermal effect on carbonates, as indicated by the lack of thermal decomposition or any compositional changes associated with glass/carbonate contacts. [source]