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Expert Advice (expert + advice)
Selected AbstractsExpert advice on biosafety/zoonoses risksAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 12 2001Article first published online: 10 MAR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Estimating the burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and mental disorders: what is ,Global Burden of Disease 2005' and why does it matter?ADDICTION, Issue 9 2009Louisa Degenhardt ABSTRACT Background The estimated impact of illicit drug use and mental disorders upon population health needs to be understood because there is evidence that they produce substantial loss of life and disability, and information is needed on the comparative population health impact of different diseases and risk factors to help focus policy, service and research planning and execution. Aims To provide an overview of a global project, running since the end of 2007,Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2005. Methods The new GBD aims to update comprehensively the findings of the first GBD exercise. It aims to provide regional and global estimates of the burden of disease attributable to hundreds of diseases, injuries and their risk factors. Groups have been assembled to provide expert advice on the parameters needed to inform these estimates; here, we provide a brief summary of the broad range of work being undertaken by the group examining illicit drug use and mental disorders. Discussion The estimates of the contribution of mental disorders and illicit drugs to GBD will inform and potentially shape the focus of researchers, clinicians and governments in the years to come. We hope that interested readers might be encouraged to submit new data or feedback on the work completed thus far, as well as the work that is still under way and yet to be completed. [source] An intelligent logistics support system for enhancing the airfreight forwarding businessEXPERT SYSTEMS, Issue 5 2004H.C.W. Lau Abstract: Recent research related to the aircraft container loading and scheduling problem for airfreight forwarding business has seen significant advances in terms of load plan optimization, taking into account the cost and volume of packed boxes. In today's competitive industrial environment, it is essential that freight forwarders are able to collaborate with carriers (airline companies) to achieve the best possible selection of logistics workflow. However, study of contemporary research publications indicates that there is a dearth of articles related to the design and implementation of an intelligent logistics system to support decision-making on carrier selection, aircraft container loading plans as well as carrier benchmarking. This paper presents an intelligent logistics support system (ILSS) which is able to provide expert advice related to the airfreight forwarding business, enhancing the logistics operations in relevant activities within the value chain of tasks. ILSS comprises a heuristics-based intelligent expert system which supports carrier searching and cargo trading planning as well as load plan generation. The proposed approach is meant to enhance various operations in the airfreight forwarding business, adopting computational intelligence technologies such as rule-based reasoning to provide domain advice and heuristics to support the generation of load plans. After potential outcomes are generated by the heuristics-based intelligent expert system, a neural network engine is applied to support prediction of unexpected events. To validate the viability of this approach, a production system using the ILSS has been developed and subsequently applied in an emulated airfreight forwarding environment. The application results indicate that the operation time from searching for potential carriers to the execution of the order is greatly reduced. In this paper, details related to the structure, design and implementation of the ILSS are also covered with the inclusion of the actual program codes for building the prototype. [source] The Nice Treaty and Voting Rules in the Council: A Reply to Moberg (2002)JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 3 2004Madeleine O. Hosli This response to Moberg (2002) demonstrates that some of his figures and calculations require more thorough analysis. His dismissal of the risk of inertia in the Council after enlargement, his measurement of blocking power of individual EU states and his figures on relative under- and over-representation of EU states in the Council are disputed. The article pleads for a dialogue between academics and practitioners in order to avoid random outcomes and ad hoc deals, such as those resulting from the political bargaining during the 2000 Nice summit meeting. Sound expert advice on voting rules and their effects is desirable for achieving more transparent, equitable and sensible institutional solutions, and allocation of voting weights and seats in the EU Council and Parliament. [source] No decision-maker is an Island: integrating expert advice with information acquisitionJOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING, Issue 1 2006Gunnar E. Schrah Abstract The present research examined the social context of information acquisition. The main purpose was to examine how decision-makers' information acquisition processes changed when they were provided access to expert advice. Results indicated that all decision-makers opted to acquire advice; however, they typically did so only after completing over 75% of their own information search. Decision-makers agreed more with the advice as task complexity increased, but, in general, searched information in two stages,i.e., a pre-advice "hypothesis generation" stage and a post-advice "hypothesis testing" stage. To behave in an adaptive manner, decision-makers could have used expert advice either to increase their decision accuracy or to reduce their effort expenditure (or both); they chose the former. Implications and further extensions are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Improving judgement with prepaid expert adviceJOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING, Issue 3 2004Janet A. Sniezek Abstract Decision makers ("Judges") often make decisions after obtaining advice from an Advisor. The two parties often share a psychological "contract" about what each contributes in expertise to the decision and receives in monetary outcomes from it. In a laboratory experiment, we varied Advisor Experitise and the opportunity for monetary rewards. As expected, these manipulations influenced advice quality, advice taking, and Judge post-advice decision quality. The main contribution of the study, however, was the manipulation of the timing of monetary rewards (before or after the advising interaction). We found, as predicted, that committing money for expert,but not novice,advice increases Judges' use of advice and their subsequent estimation accuracy. Implications for advice giving and taking are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Tips and tricks for writing a manuscriptACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009B DAMATO Purpose The aims of this presentation are to highlight some pearls and pitfalls in writing scientific articles. Methods It is not possible to write a good manuscript unless you have a good message to share. If you are reporting research results this means that you will need to have conducted the research properly, with good statistics, measures to avoid bias, complete data and, of course, an important hypothesis to test. If possible, expert advice should be obtained before the study is started so as to ensure that the trial design is appropriate and that the statistics are correct. Results The key to writing a good manuscript is to divide the paper into sections and to sub-divide each section into components, making sure that the sequence of ideas is in the correct order. The internet is full of good advice on how to write a good manuscript. This information be summarized in this presentation, which will also guide participants to useful sources of information. Conclusion Writing a manuscript is not difficult and should be a pleasurable and rewarding experience as long as one follows a few simple rules, which will be discussed in this talk. [source] Can C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide measurements guide choice of in-patient or out-patient care in acute pyelonephritis?CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 6 2010Biomarkers In Sepsis (BIS) multicentre study Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16: 753,760 Abstract Whereas C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may be of use at the bedside in the management of adult patients with infectious disorders, their usefulness has not been established in the setting of acute pyelonephritis. To assess the effectiveness of CRP, PCT and ANP measurements in guiding emergency physicians' decisions whether to admit to hospital patients with acute pyelonephritis, we conducted a multicentre, prospective, observational study in 12 emergency departments in France; 582 consecutive patients were included. The reference standard for admission was defined by experts' advice combined with necessity of admission or death during the 28-day follow-up. Baseline CRP, PCT and ANP were measured and their accuracy in identifying the necessity of admission was analysed using area under curves (AUC) of receiver,operating characteristic (ROC) plots. According to the reference standard, 126 (22%) patients required admission. ANP (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.69,0.80) and PCT (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.71,0.80) more accurately predicted this than did CRP (AUC 0.69, 95% CI 0.64,0.74). The positive and negative likelihood ratios for each biomarker remained clinically irrelevant whatever the threshold. Our results did not support the use of these markers to help physicians in deciding about admission of patients experiencing acute pyelonephritis in daily practice. [source] | ||||||||||