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Experimental Facility (experimental + facility)
Selected AbstractsArrays of Electroplated Multilayered Co/Cu Nanowires with Controlled Magnetic AnisotropyADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 12 2005R. Pirota The controlled production of arrays of nanowires exhibiting outstanding characteristics is recently attracting much interest owing to their applications in a number of emerging technologies related with multifunctional biosensor applications, controlled optomagnetic response, magnetic storage, magnetotransport, or catalytic performance. While nanolitography methodes require sophisticated experimental facilities, an alternative technique that makes use of much simpler conventional anodization and electrodeposition methods in the fabrication of metallic nanowires arrays is increasingly employed. This method allows the preparation of arrays of highly-ordered nanopores induced by anodisation, and its filling with metallic elements by electrodepositon. [source] Variation in cyclic oxidation testing practice and data: The European situation before COTESTMATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 1 2006S. Osgerby Abstract A survey of existing testing practice and pre-existing data was conducted to provide a starting point for the COTEST project on cyclic oxidation testing. The main parameters within the test that need to be controlled were identified as: control of test environment; temperature stability during hold periods; heating and cooling rates; specimen preparation; and post test evaluation. Existing experimental facilities were surveyed to establish the full range of variability within these parameters. [source] Numerical simulation on operation of closed-loop experimental facility with subsonic MHD generatorELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN, Issue 1 2008Hidemasa Takana Abstract The operating characteristics and operation procedure of the closed-loop experimental facility under subsonic power generation have been investigated by means of time-dependent quasi-one-dimensional numerical simulations. Two ways of operation for subsonic power generation were found: (1) subsonic operation both under nonpower and power generation and (2) supersonic operation under nonpower generation and subsonic operation under power generation. For operation (1), Mach number at channel inlet decreases to ,0.6, therefore it is required to generate plasma under this Mach number. On the other hand, if the plasma cannot be generated, operation (2) needs to be carried out. In this case, a shock wave appears in the generator channel, then the influence of a large pressure change and a vibration caused by a shock wave in the generator channel needs to be considered. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(1): 25,33, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20399 [source] Transient response of closed-loop MHD experimental facilityELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN, Issue 1 2007Hidemasa Takana Abstract Transient responses of a closed-loop MHD experimental facility from nonpower generation to power generation have been investigated by means of time-dependent quasi-one-dimensional numerical simulations. For the long-time continuous power generation experiment, the time required to obtain the steady state for the power generation is estimated to be approximately 20 hours. By increasing the electrical input power to the heater as an exponential function of time, the temperature increment of ceramics can be moderated. When the duration of the experiment is around 10 minutes, argon gas temperature at the exit of the heater hardly changes because of the large heat capacity of structure materials. It is found that the fluid disturbances are induced at the instant of the power generation and they propagate as they repeatedly reflect at the sudden change of duct shape. Since all of the induced disturbances attenuate approximately 0.4 second after the power generation, the time scale that the disturbances exist in the facility is estimated to be 1 second at most. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(1): 46,52, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20237 [source] Impacts of extreme winter warming in the sub-Arctic: growing season responses of dwarf shrub heathlandGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 11 2008S. BOKHORST Abstract Climate change scenarios predict an increased frequency of extreme climatic events. In Arctic regions, one of the most profound of these are extreme and sudden winter warming events in which temperatures increase rapidly to above freezing, often causing snow melt across whole landscapes and exposure of ecosystems to warm temperatures. Following warming, vegetation and soils no longer insulated below snow are then exposed to rapidly returning extreme cold. Using a new experimental facility established in sub-Arctic dwarf shrub heathland in northern Sweden, we simulated an extreme winter warming event in the field and report findings on growth, phenology and reproduction during the subsequent growing season. A 1-week long extreme winter warming event was simulated in early March using infrared heating lamps run with or without soil warming cables. Both single short events delayed bud development of Vaccinium myrtillus by up to 3 weeks in the following spring (June) and reduced flower production by more than 80%: this also led to a near-complete elimination of berry production in mid-summer. Empetrum hermaphroditum also showed delayed bud development. In contrast, Vaccinium vitis-idaea showed no delay in bud development, but instead appeared to produce a greater number of actively growing vegetative buds within plots warmed by heating lamps only. Again, there was evidence of reduced flowering and berry production in this species. While bud break was delayed, growing season measurements of growth and photosynthesis did not reveal a differential response in the warmed plants for any of the species. These results demonstrate that a single, short, extreme winter warming event can have considerable impact on bud production, phenology and reproductive effort of dominant plant species within sub-Arctic dwarf shrub heathland. Furthermore, large interspecific differences in sensitivity are seen. These findings are of considerable concern, because they suggest that repeated events may potentially impact on the biodiversity and productivity of these systems should these extreme events increase in frequency as a result of global change. Although climate change may lengthen the growing season by earlier spring snow melt, there is a profound danger for these high-latitude ecosystems if extreme, short-lived warming in winter exposes plants to initial warm temperatures, but then extreme cold for the rest of the winter. Work is ongoing to determine the longer term and wider impacts of these events. [source] | ||||||||||