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Experiment Approach (experiment + approach)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	33%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	33%

Selected Abstracts

Catalytic Hydrogenation of Cyanohydrin Esters as a Novel Approach to N -Acylated ,-Amino Alcohols , Reaction Optimisation by a Design of Experiment Approach

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2006
Lars Veum
Abstract The catalytic hydrogenation of acylated cyanohydrins and subsequent intramolecular migration of the acyl group to yield pharmaceutically interesting N -acyl ,-amino alcohols is shown to be a successful one-pot preparation method. The combination of a multistep DoE approach and high-throughput methodology proved to be an effective strategy for the optimisation of the reaction. With the favoured catalyst/solvent combination of nickel on alumina in dioxane, both hydrogenation and acyl group migration proceeded smoothly, giving the N -acyl ,-amino alcohols in yields (determined by GC) of up to 90,% for aliphatic substrates and up to 50,% for benzylic ones, the latter being more prone to side reactions. No racemisation was found to occur at the chiral centre of an aliphatic molecule when an enantiopure cyanohydrin ester was used, though a minor decrease in ee was observed with a benzylic substrate. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) [source]

Welfare Reform and the Labour Supply of Lone Parents in Australia: A Natural Experiment Approach

THE ECONOMIC RECORD, Issue 249 2004
Denise J. Doiron
Large shifts in the labour supply of lone parents in Australia were observed between 1986 and 1990. Changes in the observed characteristics of lone parents explain only a small portion of these shifts. Propensity score matching and difference-in-differences are used to estimate the effects of the substantial policy shifts implemented in 1987. Control groups are constructed from the sample of married mothers. Results suggest that the policy reforms caused a substantial increase in the employment of lone parents while causing a reduction in the hours of work among the workers. [source]

Use of a Design of Experiments Approach for the Optimization of a Microwave-Assisted Ugi Reaction.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 31 2004
Heather Tye
Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source]

Spanish wine consumer behavior: A choice experiment approach

AGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006
Nadhem Mtimet
Overall wine consumption in Spain is decreasing, while at the same time, designation of origin (DO) wine consumption is increasing gradually. This study examines Spanish DO wine consumer behavior by the use of a choice experiment technique. A main-effects model as well as an interaction-effects model is estimated based on four attributes: designation of origin, price, wine aging, and grape variety. Willingness-to-pay estimates, depending on the price segment, is derived for switching from one attribute level to another. Consumer segmentation is undertaken based on purchase frequencies. Market simulations are presented for consumer segments. Empirical results indicate the importance of the DO and the wine aging attributes on wine selection. The interaction-effects model shows the importance of attribute interactions on consumers' choice process. Differences as well as similarities are detected among consumer segments. [EconLit citations: D120, Q120, Q130]. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 22: 343,362, 2006. [source]

Architecting a System of Systems Responding to Maritime Domain Terrorism by Orthogonal Array Experiment

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009
THOMAS HUYNH
In this work we solve the problem of architecting a conceptual, cost-effective, near-term system of systems (SoS) to respond to terrorist threats to the United States emanating from the maritime domain. The threats include a weapon of mass destruction smuggled on a container ship, a commandeered ship used as a weapon, and small boats used by terrorists to attack maritime commerce traffic and critical shore infrastructures. We formulate the problem as an assignment problem, which is then solved using the orthogonal array experiment. The optimality of the resulting SoS architecture is validated against a heuristically developed architecture and an optimal effective, but not necessarily cost-effective, architecture obtained also with the orthogonal array experiment approach. The principal results of the orthogonal array experiment method reported herein underline this successful exploratory work in architecting an SoS. This method can be extended to architecting of other systems of systems. [source]

Birds as tourism flagship species: a case study of tropical islands

ANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 6 2009
D. Veríssimo
Abstract Species selected as flagships to promote conservation activities around the world are typically well known and charismatic mega-fauna. Unfortunately this limits the scope for applying the concept as some critical areas for biodiversity conservation, such as tropical islands, lack such species. In this study, we explore the potential to apply the concept of ,tourism flagship species' to tropical island birds of the Seychelles, an archipelago of considerable importance for conservation that is highly dependent on international tourism. In particular we wish to identify which species attributes are most influential with regard to their potential for fundraising among international tourists. Using a choice experiment approach and using state-of-the-art econometric methods, we found that conservation attributes and physical appearance of the bird species are both important in terms of raising funds for conservation. Nevertheless, conservation attributes ranked higher in the respondents preferences. Our results suggest that there is considerable potential for a variety of species to effectively act as flagships in developing nations that are dependent on international tourism and rich in biodiversity but lack charismatic fauna. [source]