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Expression Scores (expression + score)
Selected AbstractsAmplified in breast cancer 1 expression in breast cancerHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008M A Thorat Aims:, The amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1), steroid receptor co-activator family member, acts as an oestrogen receptor (ER) co-activator. Acting with HER-2, it is thought to play a role in endocrine resistance by facilitating ER,growth factor crosstalk. The aim was to analyse AIB1 expression by immunohistochemistry and study its correlations with other prognostic variables in breast cancer and its effect on survival. Methods:, A tissue microarray comprising tumours from 438 patients with 15.4 years' median follow-up was used. Interpretable AIB1 expression obtained in 395 patients was analysed along with other prognostic factors in breast cancer. Results:, AIB1 expression scores ranged from 0 to 30; positive AIB1 expression (score > 14) was seen in 146/395 breast cancers; it correlated negatively with ER (P = 0.003) and progesterone receptor (PR) (P = 0.007), and positively with HER-2 (P = 0.005) and tumour grade (P = 0.014). It did not correlate with nodal status (P = 0.437). Among ER+ patients, AIB1 expression showed a trend towards loss of PR expression (29% versus 20%; P = 0.14). AIB1 did not predict survival on univariate or multivariate analysis. Conclusions:, AIB1 expression correlates with HER-2 expression in breast cancer and shows a trend of association with loss of PR expression in ER+ tumours. Our study supports the postulated role of AIB1 in ER,growth factor interactions. [source] Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Children Residing in Russian Orphanages: A Phenotypic SurveyALCOHOLISM, Issue 3 2006Laurie C. Miller Background: Alcohol use in Russia is among the highest in the world. Over 600,000 children reside in institutional care in Russia, most of them in baby homes and orphanages. The actual prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) among these children is unknown. Therefore, we performed a systematic survey of phenotypic features associated with prenatal alcohol exposure among institutionalized Russian children and related these findings to their growth, development, medical, and social histories. Methods: Phenotypic screening was conducted of all 234 baby home residents in the Murmansk region of Russia (mean age 21+12.6 months). Phenotypic expression scores were devised based on facial dysmorphology and other readily observable physical findings. Growth measurements from birth, time of placement in the baby home, and at present were analyzed. In addition, the charts of 64% of the children were randomly selected for retrospective review. Information collected included maternal, medical, developmental, and social histories. Results: Thirteen percent of children had facial phenotype scores highly compatible with prenatal alcohol exposure and 45% had intermediate facial phenotype scores. These scores correlated with maternal gravidity and age. At least 40% of mothers in whom history was available ingested alcohol during pregnancy; some also used illicit drugs and tobacco. Z scores for growth measurements corresponded to phenotypic score, as did the degree of developmental delay. Children with no or mild delay had significantly lower phenotypic scores than those with moderate or severe delay (p=0.04); more than 70% of children with high phenotypic scores were moderately or severely delayed. Conclusions: More than half of residents of the baby homes in Murmansk, Russia, have intermediate (45%) or high (13%) phenotypic expression scores suggesting prenatal exposure to alcohol. Despite good physical care, stable daily routine, availability of well-trained specialists, and access to medical care, these vulnerable children show significant growth and developmental delays compared with their institutionalized peers. [source] Expression of toll-like receptor-9 is increased in poorly differentiated prostate tumors,THE PROSTATE, Issue 8 2010Marja-Riitta Väisänen Abstract BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) is a cellular receptor for bacterial and vertebrate DNA. In addition to cells of the immune system, it is also expressed in various human cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer. We demonstrated previously that synthetic TLR9 ligands induce matrix metalloproteinase-13-mediated invasion in TLR9-expressing prostate cancer cells in vitro. Other studies have suggested possible sex steroid regulation of the function of the various TLRs. The role of TLR9 in the pathophysiology of prostate or any cancer is, however, unknown. METHODS Expression of TLR9, androgen receptor (AR), or the estrogen receptors , (ER,) and , (ER,) were studied with immunohistochemistry in prostate cancer (n,=,62) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (n,=,45) specimens. TLR9 staining scores were compared with tumor stage, Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations before tissue sampling and with the staining scores of AR, ER,, and ER,. RESULTS TLR9 expression was statistically significantly increased in prostate cancer epithelium and stroma, as compared with the same cellular compartments in benign hyperplasia. Significantly increased (P,=,0.04) TLR9 expression was detected in cancers with high Gleason score (>7, n,=,23), as compared with lower Gleason scores (,7, n,=,39). No statistically significant associations were detected between TLR9 expression scores and PSA concentrations or tumor staging. Prostate adenocarcinoma cells were all positive for TLR9, AR, and ER, but negative for ER, expression. In cancer stroma cells, increased TLR9 expression was associated with increased ER, expression. CONCLUSIONS Expression of TLR9 is increased in prostate cancer specimens, especially in the most poorly differentiated forms. Prostate 70: 817,824, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Immunohistochemical expression of SPARC is correlated with recurrence, survival and malignant potential in meningiomasAPMIS, Issue 9 2009SUHEYLA UYAR BOZKURT Meningioma is a common neoplasm that constitutes almost 30% of all primary central nervous system tumors and is associated with inconsistent clinical outcomes. The extracellular matrix proteins play a crucial role in meningioma cell biology and are important in tumor cell invasion and in progression to malignancy. SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) (osteonectin) is a matricellular glycoprotein that regulates cell function by interacting with different extracellular matrix proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of SPARC with proliferation index, p53 reactivity in WHO grade 1 (benign), grade 2 (atypical) and grade 3 (anaplastic) meningiomas and correlate with clinical features of the patients, including location of the tumor, recurrence of the tumor and survival of patients. We studied 111 meningiomas, 69 being benign, 34 being atypical and eight being anaplastic meningiomas of various histological types. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we evaluated the expression of SPARC, Ki-67 (MIB-1) and p53 in meningiomas. Immunohistochemical scores of SPARC were determined as the sum of frequency (0,3) and intensity (0,3) of immunolabeling of the tumor cells. A high immunohistochemical score (4,6) for SPARC was more frequent in atypical and in anaplastic meningiomas than in benign meningiomas (p < 0.01). MIB-1 proliferation index showed significant association between tumor grades in meningiomas (p < 0.01). At the end of a follow-up period of 47.53 ± 25.04 months, 30 tumors recurred. A high SPARC expression was significantly associated with tumor recurrence (p = 0.02). The immunoreactivity of p53 protein and MIB-1 score were significantly higher in recurrent meningiomas than in non-recurrent meningiomas. The cumulative survival of patients with high SPARC expression was significantly lower than patients with low SPARC expression. The high SPARC expression scores were predominantly identified in meningothelial, fibrous and chordoid meningiomas; low SPARC expression scores were mostly spotted in secretory and psammomatous meningiomas. Evaluating SPARC expression might help assessing recurrence risk and survival estimation in meningiomas. [source] | ||||||||||