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Export Trade (export + trade)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences62%
Medical Sciences25%

Selected Abstracts

Trade and traders: Edinburgh's sixteenth-century exporting community*

HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 213 2008
Martin Rorke
This article examines sixteenth-century exporters in Edinburgh, the most important trading centre of Scotland. Unlike London, Edinburgh's export trade was not controlled by a tiny body of merchants in restrictive trading companies. Rather, the burgh's trade was handled by a large numbers of traders, most of whom operated on a limited scale. Foreign merchants, inhabitants of other Scottish towns, craftsmen, professionals and women were all involved and were represented among the largest traders. The vast majority, though, were merchants of Edinburgh, who generally exported more, especially over the course of their careers. Their success in the export trade was due in part to their ability to monopolize the retail trade in luxury imports within Edinburgh. [source]

The Economic Development of Southeast Asia in the Colonial Era: c.1870,1942

HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2008
Anne Booth
The article attempts a survey of economic development in the main colonies of Southeast Asia, and the independent country of Thailand, in the decades from 1870 to 1940. These decades witnessed a rapid growth of exports and in several cases quite fast growth of national income. The article examines the links between expanded export trade, economic growth, the role of government and living standards. The article stresses the very considerable differences which had emerged in a number of economic and social indicators by the late 1930s. [source]

Potential sources of food hazards in emerging commercial aquaculture industry in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study for Uganda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2009
Ananias Bagumire
Summary A study was conducted to assess sources of food hazards in Uganda's emerging commercial aquaculture industry based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), focusing on inputs, their sources and farm-practices on ten representative commercial farms. Critical control points (CCPs) were identified to reveal potential hazards that would jeopardise any export trade. Site selection, water quality, fertiliser, fish seed, fish rearing facilities, feeds, and post-harvest practices were the main CCPs identified. Animal manure was used to generate plankton as pond fertiliser in nine of the ten surveyed farms and veterinary drugs were not found in any of the ten farms, which is starkly different from aquaculture in indutrialised countries. Potential sources of hazards from water were mainly: municipal waste flow which was more likely on five of the ten farms, domestic waste (four farms), agricultural run-off (three farms), and low water pH (three farms). Fish fry and fingerlings from other farms, feeds formulated on-farm from unapproved sources, chemical products, uncontrolled fish predators, and domestic animal and human activities were the other potential sources of hazards. A complete application of HACCP is recommended for producing safe products that meet the strict market standards of developed countries. [source]

Restructuring Governance of New Zealand Seaports: Geographical Impacts of Corporatisation

NEW ZEALAND GEOGRAPHER, Issue 2 2004
Ali Memon
ABSTRACT This study examines the rationales for and geographical outcomes of the post 1988 changes in port governance in New Zealand and their implications from a policy perspective. The study offers insights into the interrelationship between global processes and local places in the context of economic deregulation, a devolved infrastructure planning mandate and intra-industry competitive dynamics. A trend towards port concentration consequent on globalisation has been long recognised in the international literature. In New Zealand, the trend towards port concentration can be described as selective, limited primarily to import trade while export trade is more dispersed. This new port geography is part of wider political and socio-economic development geographies of the national and global hinterlands and forelands these ports interact with. [source]

South Africa's export trade in asbestos: Demise of an industry

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010
John S. Harington DSc
Abstract Background South Africa's export of each of its three types of asbestos, crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile, and the total amounts to 84 countries in metric tonnes is examined over a 24-year period, 1980,2003. Methods For convenience, the countries are divided into nine world regional groups, Europe, Eastern Europe, North America with the Caribbean, South America, Africa, Middle East, Far East, South Asia, and Oceania. Results The three greatest importing countries of total asbestos in metric tonnes were all in the Far East region, ranging from Japan, South Korea to Thailand, and followed by USA and Italy. All exports to all countries diminished steadily as the South African trade came virtually to an end by 2003, due to ever increasing international pressure. Conclusion The export trade has changed significantly since 1960 from being dominantly to European countries to being directed in recent years to the Far East, with serious implications for asbestos-related ill-health in those countries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:524,534, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Self-defence, Defence and Pre-emption

POLITICS, Issue 3 2004
Laurie Calhoun
Military supporters and critics often find each others' positions on war preposterous. The divergent attitudes of these two groups may derive from their view about the analogy, or lack thereof, between war and self-defence, an issue recently highlighted by the controversial question of ,pre-emption'. In general, bombing campaigns conducted abroad are better understood as pre-emptive acts of war than as literal acts of ,self-defence'. The support by governments of the weapons export trade is also difficult to reconcile with the ,self-defence' interpretation of war. Accordingly, those who reject ,pre-emptive defence' on the grounds that it exceeds the parameters of ,self-defence' should, in consistency, oppose bombing campaigns and the exportation of weapons as well. [source]

Ethical perspectives of the Australian live export trade

AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 9 2005
CJC PHILLIPS
Objective To examine the ethical perspectives of the Australian live export trade. Design and method The perspectives of farmers and other industry personnel, overseas consumers, the Australian public, veterinarians and the assumed interests of transported animals are compared in relation to the ethical consequences. Animal welfare, societal, personal and professional ethics are identified and the ratification of different perspectives considered. Results and conclusions There are positive and negative aspects of the trade for each stakeholder group, and the overall position adopted by any individual reflects their perspective of the balance of these components. The debate as to whether Australia should continue with the trade will be best served by consideration of the interests of all parties in the trade, including the consumers and animals, which are among the most affected by the trade. There is a need for further research to address the major welfare problems for the animals, an openness to inspection on the part of the trade and balance in media reporting. [source]