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Expedition
Selected AbstractsExtreme altitude mountaineering and Type 1 diabetes; the Diabetes Federation of Ireland Kilimanjaro ExpeditionDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 9 2001K. Moore Abstract Aims To examine the effects of extreme altitude mountaineering on glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes, and to establish whether diabetes predisposes to acute mountain sickness (AMS). Methods Fifteen people with Type 1 diabetes and 22 nondiabetic controls were studied during the Diabetes Federation of Ireland Expedition to Kilimanjaro. Daily insulin requirements, blood glucose estimations and hypoglycaemic attacks were recorded in diaries by the people with diabetes. The performance of blood glucose meters at altitude was assessed using standard glucose solutions. Symptoms of acute mountain sickness were recorded daily by people with diabetes and by the nondiabetic controls using the Lake Louise Scoring Charts. The expedition medical team recorded the incidence of complications of altitude and of diabetes. The final height attained for each individual was recorded by the expedition medical team and verified by the expedition guides. Results The final altitude ascended was lower in the diabetic than the nondiabetic group (5187 ± 514 vs. 5654 ± 307 m, P= 0.001). The mean daily insulin dose was reduced from 67.1 ± 28.3,32.9 ± 11.8 units (P < 0.001), but only 50% of recorded blood glucose readings were within the target range of 6,14 mmol/L. There were few hypoglycaemic attacks after the first two days of climbing. Both blood glucose meters tested showed readings as low as 60% of standard glucose concentrations at high altitude and low temperatures. The Lake Louise questionnaires showed that symptoms of AMS occurred equally in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups. There were two episodes of mild diabetic ketoacidosis; two of the diabetic group and three of the nondiabetic group developed retinal haemorrhages. Conclusions People with Type 1 diabetes can participate in extreme altitude mountaineering. However, there are significant risks associated with this activity, including hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis and retinal haemorrhage, with the additional difficulties in assessing glycaemic control due to meter inaccuracy at high altitude. People with Type 1 diabetes must be carefully counselled before attempting extreme altitude mountaineering. Diabet. Med. 18, 749,755 (2001) [source] Subsurface microbiology and biogeochemistry of a deep, cold-water carbonate mound from the Porcupine Seabight (IODP Expedition 307)ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Gordon Webster Summary The Porcupine Seabight Challenger Mound is the first carbonate mound to be drilled (,270 m) and analyzed in detail microbiologically and biogeochemically. Two mound sites and a non-mound Reference site were analyzed with a range of molecular techniques [catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH), quantitative PCR (16S rRNA and functional genes, dsrA and mcrA), and 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE] to assess prokaryotic diversity, and this was compared with the distribution of total and culturable cell counts, radiotracer activity measurements and geochemistry. There was a significant and active prokaryotic community both within and beneath the carbonate mound. Although total cell numbers at certain depths were lower than the global average for other subseafloor sediments and prokaryotic activities were relatively low (iron and sulfate reduction, acetate oxidation, methanogenesis) they were significantly enhanced compared with the Reference site. In addition, there was some stimulation of prokaryotic activity in the deepest sediments (Miocene, > 10 Ma) including potential for anaerobic oxidation of methane activity below the mound base. Both Bacteria and Archaea were present, with neither dominant, and these were related to sequences commonly found in other subseafloor sediments. With an estimate of some 1600 mounds in the Porcupine Basin alone, carbonate mounds may represent a significant prokaryotic subseafloor habitat. [source] Vegetationskundliche Untersuchungen in der Borzongijn- und Galbyn-Gobi (Ömnögov Aimak, Mongolei)FEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 5-6 2006W. Hilbig Dr. Während der im August 2005 von Zoologen der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen durchgeführten 4. "Gobi Desert Vertebrates"-Expedition in den Ömnögov Aimak der Mongolei, an der wir teilnehmen konnten, wurden von uns Vegetationsuntersuchungen in den pflanzengeographischen Bezirken Ost-Gobi und Ala,an-Gobi durchgeführt. Dabei widmeten wir uns im Wesentlichen den weitverbreiteten zonalen Pflanzengesellschaften der Wüsten und Halbwüsten. Aber auch der Vegetation der grundwassernahen Standorte und der anthropogenen Vegetation wurde Beachtung geschenkt. Einige floristische Neunachweise für die genannten Bezirke konnten erbracht werden. Solanum physalifolium wurde in der Mongolei neu gefunden. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) Geobotanical research in the Borzongiyn- and Galbyn-Gobi (Ömnögov Aimak, Mongolia) In August 2005 we joint the 4th "Gobi Desert Vertebrates"-Expedition of zoologists from the Georg-August-University Göttingen to the Ömnögov Aimak of Mongolia. During the expedition we made geobotanical studies in the plantgeographic regions East-Gobi and Alashan-Gobi. Generally we worked on the widespread zonal plant communities of desert and semi-desert. But consideration was paid also to the vegetation of habitats close to groundwater and to the anthropogenic vegetation. We could find some new additions to the flora of the above mentioned regions. Solanum physalifolium was found new for Mongolia. [source] Contribution to the knowledge of the Flora of the Mongolian AltaiFEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 5-6 2003B. Neuffer Apl. During a German-Mongolian expedition to the Mongolian Altai in July/August 2000, 404 specimens of vascular plants were collected. They are deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Osnabrück (OSBU). 381 specimens could be determined conclusively. The collected material comprises 300 species, 156 genera, and 44 families. Six of these species were first records for Mongolia, six species had not been recorded so far for the region Mongolian Altai, five are new for the region Khobdo, and 19 species new records for both regions, Mongolian Altai and Khobdo, Western Mongolia. A list of the collected plants with accession numbers and provenances is presented. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flora des Mongolischen Altais Auf einer deutsch-mongolischen Expedition in den Mongolischen Altai im Juli/August 2000 konnten wir 404 Herbarbelege von Gefäßpflanzen sammeln. Diese werden im Herbarium der Universität Osnabrück (OSBU) aufbewahrt. 381 Belege konnten endgültig bestimmt werden. Das gesammelte Material umfasst 300 Arten aus 156 Gattungen und 44 Familien. Sechs Arten sind neu für die Mongolei, sechs Arten sind neu für die Region Mongolischer Altai, fünf für die Region Khobdo und 19 für beide Provinzen, Mongolischer Altai und Khobdo der westlichen Mongolei. Die gesammelten Belege werden in alphabetischer Reihenfolge mit Angabe der Akzessionsnummern und Herkünfte tabellarisch aufgelistet. [source] A Knitting Expedition: Immigration to EuropeINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 3 2008Brett Heindl No abstract is available for this article. [source] A Study of the Incidence of Accidents Occurring during an Arctic Expedition: Another Important Aspect of Travel Medicine?JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2000Fiona J. Cooke No abstract is available for this article. [source] Exhibition and representation: stories from the Torres Strait Islanders exhibitionMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2001Anita Herle Cross-cultural collaborative work that goes into the preparation of exhibitions reflects the changing role of museums as places of exchange and research where curatorial expertise and indigenous knowledge meet. Anita Herle, senior assistant curator of the University of Cambridge Museum of Archaelogy and Anthropology concentrates her research on issues of access and representations in museums. She directed the preparations for the centenary exhibition to mark the 1898 Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to the Torres Strait and in this article emphasizes the importance of analysing exhibitions as processes. She explains how specific objects in the expedition's collections in the University of Cambridge Museum of Archaelogy and Anthropology continue to be active intermediaries in the relationship between museum staff and the Torres Strait Islanders, and how, as a consequence, the museum has become a fieldsite and a place for encounter and dialogue. This article provides an ethnography of the process of creating the exhibition and explores in different ways the resonance that many of the objects displayed have for Islanders today. A longer version of the article has been published in Ethnos, 2000. [source] Enacting the Scottish Enlightenment: Tobias Smollett's Expedition of Humphry ClinkerTHE JOURNAL OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Issue 4 2004Charles R. Sullivan [source] Otolaryngologic Aspects of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, 1803,1806,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 6 2002Marc D. Eisen MD Abstract Medical difficulties related to otolaryngology that occurred during the Lewis & Clark Expedition (1803,1806) are highlighted. These difficulties included ear and face frostbite, upper respiratory infections, temporal vessel laceration from an air gun accident, neck scrofula, and a pediatric neck mass. The custom of Clatsop Indian head flattening is also described. These descriptions also aim to illustrate the state of otolaryngology during the early 19th century in America. [source] Towards ground truthing exploration in the central Arctic Ocean: a Cenozoic compaction history from the Lomonosov RidgeBASIN RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010M. O'Regan ABSTRACT The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program's Expedition 302, the Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX), recovered the first Cenozoic sedimentary sequence from the central Arctic Ocean. ACEX provided ground truth for basin scale geophysical interpretations and for guiding future exploration targets in this largely unexplored ocean basin. Here, we present results from a series of consolidation tests used to characterize sediment compressibility and permeability and integrate these with high-resolution measurements of bulk density, porosity and shear strength to investigate the stress history and the nature of prominent lithostratigraphic and seismostratigraphic boundaries in the ACEX record. Despite moderate sedimentation rates (10,30 m Myr,1) and high permeability values (10,15,10,18 m2), consolidation and shear strength measurements both suggest an overall state of underconsolidation or overpressure. One-dimensional compaction modelling shows that to maintain such excess pore pressures, an in situ fluid source is required that exceeds the rate of fluid expulsion generated by mechanical compaction alone. Geochemical and sedimentological evidence is presented that identifies the Opal A,C/T transformation of biosiliceous rich sediments as a potential additional in situ fluid source. However, the combined rate of chemical and mechanical compaction remain too low to fully account for the observed pore pressure gradients, implying an additional diagenetic fluid source from within or below the recovered Cenozoic sediments from ACEX. Recognition of the Opal A,C/T reaction front in the ACEX record has broad reaching regional implications on slope stability and subsurface pressure evolution, and provides an important consideration for interpreting and correlating the spatially limited seismic data from the Arctic Ocean. [source] Geomagnetism by the North Pole, anno 1769: The Magnetic Observations of Maximilian Hell during his Venus Transit ExpeditionCENTAURUS, Issue 2 2007Per Pippin Aspaas Hell's site of observation was Vardø in the remote northeastern corner of Norway. He had ambitions to present his journey and scientific results,which reached far beyond astronomy,in a grand work entitled Expeditio litteraria ad Polum arcticum. This work was never printed, although several fragments were published otherwise. Among the pieces not published were his geomagnetic observations. Hell's original manuscripts contain a considerable amount of declination readings as well as notes on instruments, practical procedures, and theoretical reflections involved in his work. In Vardø he set up a magnetic observatory, along with the astronomical one, and recorded, on an irregular schedule, the magnetic declination several times a day from April to June 1769. The records exhibit a clear signature of the diurnal variation as well as magnetic storms. Hell vigorously refuted contemporary suggestions of a connection between magnetic storms and Northern Lights. On the return voyage, a number of observations of magnetic declination along Norway were carried out, with a technique combining a gnomon with observations of the Sun's altitude with a quadrant. [source] The Georgia and South Carolina Coastal Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore; The East Florida Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield MooreAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2000John Scarry The Georgia and South Carolina Coastal Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore. Lewis Larson. ed. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1998.312pp. The East Florida Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore. Jeffrey M. Mitchem. ed. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1999.376pp. [source] Genet age in marginal populations of two clonal Carex species in the Siberian ArcticECOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2000Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir During a Swedish-Russian expedition to northern Siberia 1994, we sampled two marginal populations of two Carex species at two high arctic sites (C, stans Drej. on Faddeyevsky Island and C. ensifolia V. Krecz ssp. arctisibirica Jurtz. at north-eastern Taymyr Peninsula), both north of previously documented localities in that areas for the two species. These populations were composed of a few distinct patches of ramet colonies, some of them shaped like fairy rings with dead centres. We measured the size of all colonies and collected samples for detailed morphometric analyses of rhizome growth. By using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis we established that the largest colony at each site consisted of a single genet, based on 41 polymorphic bands amplified with three primers. Pooled samples from each of two additional colonies of C. stans on Faddeyevsky Island were analysed and showed that clones of the same species at the same site were relatively dissimilar (Dice's similarity index 0.26 0,43), We then assumed that each ramet colony represented a single genet. Based on the morphometric data, we developed a deterministic growth model that simulates the clonal growth of these species and enabled estimates of the time since establishment of the genets. The estimated age of the five C. Stans clones varied from 17 to 154 yr and the age of the two C. ensifolia ssp, arctisibirica clones was well over 3000 yr. [source] Actinorhodopsins: proteorhodopsin-like gene sequences found predominantly in non-marine environmentsENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Adrian K. Sharma Summary Proteorhodopsins are light-energy-harvesting transmembrane proteins encoded by genes recently discovered in the surface waters of the world's oceans. Metagenomic data from the Global Ocean Sampling expedition (GOS) recovered 2674 proteorhodopsin-related sequences from 51 aquatic samples. Four of these samples were from non-marine environments, specifically, Lake Gatun within the Panama Canal, Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay and the Punta Cormorant Lagoon in Ecuador. Rhodopsins related to but phylogenetically distinct from most sequences designated proteorhodopsins were present at all four of these non-marine sites and comprised three different clades that were almost completely absent from marine samples. Phylogenomic analyses of genes adjacent to those encoding these novel rhodopsins suggest affiliation to the Actinobacteria, and hence we propose to name these divergent, non-marine rhodopsins ,actinorhodopsins'. Actinorhodopsins conserve the acidic amino acid residues critical for proton pumping and their genes lack genomic association with those encoding photo-sensory transducer proteins, thus supporting a putative ion pumping function. The ratio of recA and radA to rhodopsin genes in the different environment types sampled within the GOS indicates that rhodopsins of one type or another are abundant in microbial communities in freshwater, estuarine and lagoon ecosystems, supporting an important role for these photosystems in all aquatic environments influenced by sunlight. [source] Vegetationskundliche Untersuchungen in der Borzongijn- und Galbyn-Gobi (Ömnögov Aimak, Mongolei)FEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 5-6 2006W. Hilbig Dr. Während der im August 2005 von Zoologen der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen durchgeführten 4. "Gobi Desert Vertebrates"-Expedition in den Ömnögov Aimak der Mongolei, an der wir teilnehmen konnten, wurden von uns Vegetationsuntersuchungen in den pflanzengeographischen Bezirken Ost-Gobi und Ala,an-Gobi durchgeführt. Dabei widmeten wir uns im Wesentlichen den weitverbreiteten zonalen Pflanzengesellschaften der Wüsten und Halbwüsten. Aber auch der Vegetation der grundwassernahen Standorte und der anthropogenen Vegetation wurde Beachtung geschenkt. Einige floristische Neunachweise für die genannten Bezirke konnten erbracht werden. Solanum physalifolium wurde in der Mongolei neu gefunden. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) Geobotanical research in the Borzongiyn- and Galbyn-Gobi (Ömnögov Aimak, Mongolia) In August 2005 we joint the 4th "Gobi Desert Vertebrates"-Expedition of zoologists from the Georg-August-University Göttingen to the Ömnögov Aimak of Mongolia. During the expedition we made geobotanical studies in the plantgeographic regions East-Gobi and Alashan-Gobi. Generally we worked on the widespread zonal plant communities of desert and semi-desert. But consideration was paid also to the vegetation of habitats close to groundwater and to the anthropogenic vegetation. We could find some new additions to the flora of the above mentioned regions. Solanum physalifolium was found new for Mongolia. [source] Contribution to the knowledge of the Flora of the Mongolian AltaiFEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 5-6 2003B. Neuffer Apl. During a German-Mongolian expedition to the Mongolian Altai in July/August 2000, 404 specimens of vascular plants were collected. They are deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Osnabrück (OSBU). 381 specimens could be determined conclusively. The collected material comprises 300 species, 156 genera, and 44 families. Six of these species were first records for Mongolia, six species had not been recorded so far for the region Mongolian Altai, five are new for the region Khobdo, and 19 species new records for both regions, Mongolian Altai and Khobdo, Western Mongolia. A list of the collected plants with accession numbers and provenances is presented. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flora des Mongolischen Altais Auf einer deutsch-mongolischen Expedition in den Mongolischen Altai im Juli/August 2000 konnten wir 404 Herbarbelege von Gefäßpflanzen sammeln. Diese werden im Herbarium der Universität Osnabrück (OSBU) aufbewahrt. 381 Belege konnten endgültig bestimmt werden. Das gesammelte Material umfasst 300 Arten aus 156 Gattungen und 44 Familien. Sechs Arten sind neu für die Mongolei, sechs Arten sind neu für die Region Mongolischer Altai, fünf für die Region Khobdo und 19 für beide Provinzen, Mongolischer Altai und Khobdo der westlichen Mongolei. Die gesammelten Belege werden in alphabetischer Reihenfolge mit Angabe der Akzessionsnummern und Herkünfte tabellarisch aufgelistet. [source] The Raising of American Troops for Service in the West Indies during the War of Austrian Succession, 1740,1HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 180 2000David Syrett This article is an account of the raising and dispatch to the West Indies of a regiment of troops recruited in the American colonies for the Vernon,Cathcart expedition to Cartagena on the Spanish Main. [source] The Mercian Connection, Harold Godwineson's Ambitions, Diplomacy and Channel-crossing, 1056,1066HISTORY, Issue 313 2009AD F. J. VAN KEMPEN It is supposed that the Vita Ædwardi contains some information about Harold's dealings with William of Normandy in 1064. This article links these covert references with William of Poitiers' statements about Harold's diplomatic activities in France. The combination turns out to be fruitful. Harold's Channel-crossing was meant as a tour of diplomacy to win support for his candidacy for the throne of the English. This statement has implications for the sequence of events. Harold's expedition was a mere continuation of his diplomacy in the Midlands earlier in 1064, when he concluded a cunning deal with the rulers of Mercia. Part of the secret arrangement was the acquisition of Northumbria, so far ruled by his self-willed brother Tostig. Harold's unintended landfall in Ponthieu and captivity in Normandy set many things in motion. His explaining-away of his presence on the continent and his fabrications about a state mission revived William's latent interest in the English succession. After his return to England, Harold's extenuation of his inglorious, illegitimate promises to William did raise suspicion about the true nature of his Channel-crossing. Eventually, the full facts of his Mercian connection were revealed, resulting in Queen Edith's and Tostig's desperate moves to prevent the take-over in Northumbria. [source] Searching for Sacajawea: Whitened Reproductions and Endarkened RepresentationsHYPATIA, Issue 2 2007Wanda Pillow Pillow's aim is to demonstrate how representations of Sacajawea have shifted in writings about the Lewis and Clark expedition in ways that support manifest destiny and white colonial projects. This essay begins with a general account of Sacajawea. The next section uses two novels (one hundred years apart) to make the case that shifts in the representation of this important historical figure serve similar purposes. There is some attention to white suffragist representations, but the central contrast is between manifest destiny and multiculturalism. The final section addresses the important question of whether it is possible for feminists to theorize Sacajawea in ways that are not co-opted by colonial projects. [source] "Do Ourselves Credit and Render a Lasting Service to Mankind": British Moral Prestige, Humanitarian Intervention, and the Barbary PiratesINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2003Oded Löwenheim This paper raises the issue of moral credibility in international relations and shows that considerations of preserving moral prestige can become crucial for armed humanitarian intervention. It contrasts realist and constructivist explanations about the causes of humanitarian intervention and demonstrates that traditional accounts do not provide a complete understanding of the phenomenon of intervention. In the case studied here, Britain engaged in a relatively costly humanitarian intervention against the Barbary pirates, slave trade in Christian Europeans due to her willingness to defy moral criticism and exhibit consistency with her professed moral principles. No material incentives and/or constraints influenced the British decision, and neither was it affected by a sense of felling, with regard to the Christian slaves. Instead, allegations that Britain urged Europe to abolish the black slave trade out of selfish interests, while at the same time turning a blind eye toward the Christian slave trade of the pirates, undermined British moral prestige and became the cause of the Barbary expedition. [source] Colonization of an island volcano, Long Island, Papua New Guinea, and an emergent island, Motmot, in its caldera lake.JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 11-12 2001Abstract Biogeographical context Long Island, in Vitiaz Strait, is 55 km north of New Guinea, 60 km from Umboi Island and 125 km from New Britain. After its explosive caldera-forming eruption in about 1645, Long is being recolonized by animals and plants. Through renewed volcanic activity in the 1950s a new island emerged from Long's caldera lake, 4 km from the nearest lake shore and was recreated by eruptions in 1968. Long Island thus provides the opportunity to study a nested pair of natural colonization sequences. The geological background, eruptive history, course and results of the seventeenth century eruption, and the geographical features and climate of Long Island are summarized. Existing knowledge of Long's recolonization, confined almost entirely to surveys of its avifauna in 1933 and 1972, is reviewed. The geological history of Motmot is outlined, and published knowledge of its colonization by animals and plants from 1968 to 1988 is summarized. The 1999 expedition and aims An expedition to Long Island and Motmot in 1999 set out to investigate the hitherto little-known flora and present vertebrate fauna of Long Island and to survey the entire flora and fauna of Motmot for comparison with the results of previous surveys. The methods used in the 1999 survey are described, and the papers setting out the results briefly introduced. [source] The Malta cistern mapping project: Underwater robot mapping and localization within ancient tunnel systemsJOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS (FORMERLY JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS), Issue 4 2010Cory White This paper documents the development of an underwater robot system enabled with several mapping and localization techniques applied to a particular archaeological expedition. The goal of the expedition was to explore and map ancient cisterns located on the islands of Malta and Gozo. The cisterns of interest acted as water storage systems for fortresses, private homes, and churches. Such cisterns often consisted of several connected chambers, still containing water. A sonar-equipped remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was deployed into these cisterns to obtain both video footage and sonar range measurements. Six different mapping and localization techniques were employed, including (1) sonar image mosaics using stationary sonar scans, (2) sonar image mosaics using stationary sonar scans with Smart Tether position data, (3) simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) while the vehicle was in motion, (4) SLAM using stationary sonar scans, (5) localization using previously created maps, and (6) SLAM while the vehicle was in motion with Smart Tether position data. Top-down-view maps of 22 different cisterns were successfully constructed. It is estimated that the cisterns were built as far back as 300 B.C., and few records of their size, shape, and connectivity existed before the expedition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Scientific exploration of near-Earth objects via the Orion Crew Exploration VehicleMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 12 2009Paul A. Abell The ideal mission profile would involve two or three astronauts on a 90 to 180 day flight, which would include a 7 to 14 day stay for proximity operations at the target NEO. This mission would be the first human expedition to an interplanetary body beyond the Earth-Moon system and would prove useful for testing technologies required for human missions to Mars and other solar system destinations. Piloted missions to NEOs using the CEV would undoubtedly provide a great deal of technical and engineering data on spacecraft operations for future human space exploration while conducting in-depth scientific investigations of these primitive objects. The main scientific advantage of sending piloted missions to NEOs would be the flexibility of the crew to perform tasks and to adapt to situations in real time. A crewed vehicle would be able to test several different sample collection techniques and target specific areas of interest via extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) more efficiently than robotic spacecraft. Such capabilities greatly enhance the scientific return from these missions to NEOs, destinations vital to understanding the evolution and thermal histories of primitive bodies during the formation of the early solar system. Data collected from these missions would help constrain the suite of materials possibly delivered to the early Earth, and would identify potential source regions from which NEOs originate. In addition, the resulting scientific investigations would refine designs for future extraterrestrial resource extraction and utilization, and assist in the development of hazard mitigation techniques for planetary defense. [source] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and amino acids in meteorites and ice samples from LaPaz Icefield, AntarcticaMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 9 2008Oliver BOTTA Four LL5 ordinary chondrites (OCs) and one CK carbonaceous chondrite were collected as part of the 2003/2004 ANSMET season. Ice samples collected from directly underneath the meteorites were extracted. In addition, exhaust particles from the snowmobiles used during the expedition were collected to investigate possible contributions from this source. The meteorite samples, the particulate matter and solid-state extracts of the ice samples and the exhaust filters were subjected to two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS) to investigate the PAH composition. For amino acids analysis, the meteorites were extracted with water and acid hydrolyzed, and the extracts were analyzed with offline OPA/NAC derivatization combined with liquid chromatography with UV fluorescence detection and time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-FD/ToF-MS). PAHs in the particulate matter of the ice were found to be qualitatively similar to the meteorite samples, indicating that micron-sized grains of the meteorite may be embedded in the ice samples. The concentration levels of dissolved PAHs in all the ice samples were found to be below the detection limit of the L2MS. The PAH composition of the snowmobile exhaust is significantly different to the one in particulate matter, making it an unlikely source of contamination for Antarctic meteorites. The amino acids glycine, ,-alanine and ,-amino- n -butyric acid that were detected at concentrations of 3 to 19 parts per billion (ppb) are probably indigenous to the Antarctic meteorites. Some of the LaPaz ice samples were also found to contain amino acids at concentration levels of 1 to 33 parts per trillion (ppt), in particular ,-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), an abundant non-protein amino acid of extraterrestrial origin found in some carbonaceous chondrites. We hypothesize that this amino acid could have been extracted from Antarctic micrometeorites and the particulate matter of the meteorites during the concentration procedure of the ice samples. [source] Results from the Greenland Search for Meteorites expeditionMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 10 2007Henning Haack The ice fields are located in Kong Christian X Land, in northeastern Greenland around 74°N at elevations between 2100 and 2400 m. No meteorites were found in any of the localities that were searched. Evidence of occasional significant melting (filled crevasses and melt sheets) suggest that summer temperatures are sometimes high enough that dark rocks, like meteorites, can melt through the upper layers of ice. Small terrestrial rocks and cryogenite were found down to 50 cm below the ice surface. Meter-sized terrestrial rocks were found on top of the ice downstream from nunataks. These rocks shade the ice below, and since they were apparently too massive to warm up during warm days, they remained at the surface as the surrounding ice ablated away. Our findings strongly suggest that Greenland is currently unlikely to harbor significant meteorite concentrations on blue ice fields. [source] In situ identification, pairing, and classification of meteorites from Antarctica through magnetic susceptibility measurementsMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 3 2006Luigi Folco Magnetic susceptibility measurements carried out with a pocket meter (SM30) during the 2003/04 PNRA meteorite collection expedition to northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) proved to be a rapid, sensitive, non-destructive means for the in situ identification, pairing, and classification of meteorites. In blue ice fields characterized by the presence of moraines and glacial drifts (e.g., Miller Butte, Roberts Butte, and Frontier Mountain), magnetic susceptibility measurements allowed discrimination of meteorites from abundant terrestrial stones that look like meteorites thanks to the relatively high magnetic susceptibility of the former with respect to terrestrial rocks. Comparative measurements helped identify 16 paired fragments found at Johannessen Nunataks, thereby reducing unnecessary duplication of laboratory analyses and statistical bias. Following classifications schemes developed by us in this and previous works, magnetic susceptibility measurements also helped classify stony meteorites directly in the field, thereby providing a means for selecting samples with higher research priority. A magnetic gradiometer capable of detecting perturbations in the Earth's magnetic field induced by the presence of meteorites was an efficient tool for locating meteorites buried in snow along the downwind margin of the Frontier Mountain blue ice field. Based on these results, we believe that magnetic sensors should constitute an additional payload for robotic search for meteorites on the Antarctic ice sheet and, by extension, on the surface of Mars where meteorite accumulations are predicted by theoretical works. Lastly, magnetic susceptibility data was successfully used to crosscheck the later petrographic classification of the 123 recovered meteorites, allowing the detection of misclassified or peculiar specimens. [source] USS Annapolis:The Wardroom and The Crews MessNAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003Cdr. E.D. Maissian USNR (Ret.) BACKGROUND USS Annapolis (PG-10) was the first of four gunboats (Vicksburg, Newport, Princeton) built during the transition period of the maritime world, that is -sail to steam, wood to steel. The Annapolis' original barkentine rig was of the composite type, typical for the day , steel keel and frames, steel shell plating from main deck to waterline, and wood planking with copper sheathing to the keel. Copper being resistant to barnacles, this method was used, in as much as dry docks were a scarcity in those days. Rear Admiral Phillip Hichborn, chief constructor of the Bureau of Construction and Repair, designed the hull. Rear Admiral George Wallace Melville, chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering, designed her power plant. He was one of few survivors of the Jeannette expedition through the Bering Straits to the North Pole. Her power plant was a triple expansion reciprocating steam engine, better known as an "Up-n-Downer". Steam was supplied by two watertube boilers at 180 psi. These gunboats were pioneers in the use of watertube boilers. [source] THE GENUS GIGANTASPIS HEINTZ, 1962 (VERTEBRATA, HETEROSTRACI) FROM THE LOWER DEVONIAN OF SPITSBERGENPALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2007VINCENT PERNEGRE Abstract:, Material collected in 1969 by the CNRS-MNHN expedition to Spitsbergen includes a new species of Gigantaspis, G. minima, which is the smallest known species of this genus. The revision of Gigantaspis leads to the inclusion of Zascinaspis laticephala Blieck and Goujet in this genus. The phylogenetic analysis presented herein suggests that Gigantaspis is close to Zascinaspis, as suggested by Blieck. Moreover, it is also close to generalized representatives of the Protaspididae. Their shared character states allow the definition of a possible ancestral morphotype for the Protaspididae. [source] Adventure therapy for adolescents with cancerPEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 3 2004Bonnie Stevens RN Abstract The objective of this study was to describe adolescents' with cancer experience in an adventure therapy program from a health related quality of life (HRQL) perspective. A qualitative descriptive research method was used. Eleven adolescents and five health professionals participated in a guided group adventure therapy expedition in a remote area of Canada. The expedition was videotaped and data were collected using an unstructured interview format with both adolescents and health professionals. Emerging themes were identified using a qualitative descriptive exploratory analysis. Four major themes and related sub-themes were generated. The major themes were: developing connections, togetherness, rebuilding self-esteem, and creating memories. Adventure therapy was viewed by the adolescents and health care professionals as a positive experience with multiple benefits. This preliminary research will contribute to an understanding of adolescents' experiences with cancer and provide a basis for future studies evaluating the impact of adventure therapy on HRQL. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Polar expedition project and project managementPROJECT MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010Gilles Garel Abstract This article presents the results of a polar expedition by sea kayak in which the authors participated in 2007. It calls upon the approach of Bruno Latour to describe the forms of socio-technical combinations and the controversies that arose during the course of the project. In addition, the article utilizes the experience of this unique project to draw lessons regarding project management in general: lessons on team makeup, knowledge management, and the relationship between preparation and actual implementation of a given project. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||