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Age-specific Prevalence (age-specific + prevalence)
Selected AbstractsMild cognitive impairment1, a review of prevalence, incidence and outcome according to current approachesACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2002J. Bischkopf Objective:, Mild cognitive impairment is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, agreement needs to be reached on clearly specified diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment. The present paper critically reviews the different constructs of mild cognitive impairment on the basis of the available empirical evidence. Method:, All published papers on mild cognitive impairment during the last 15 years on Medline and other databases were reviewed. Results:, Age-specific prevalence and incidence rates according to the different constructs as well as the prognostic significance of the different constructs concerning the development of dementia are reported. Furthermore, a brief summary of recent research on possible risk factors for a negative course of mild cognitive impairment is provided. Conclusion:, As there is no construct to date that pools all efforts of defining mild cognitive impairment, the review provides suggestions for an agreement on constructive terminology and research practice. [source] Psychiatric Comorbidity in Epilepsy: A Population-Based AnalysisEPILEPSIA, Issue 12 2007Jose F. Tellez-Zenteno Summary Purpose: The estimated prevalence of mental health disorders in those with epilepsy in the general population varies owing to differences in study methods and heterogeneity of epilepsy syndromes. We assessed the population-based prevalence of various psychiatric conditions associated with epilepsy using a large Canadian national population health survey. Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 1.2) was used to explore numerous aspects of mental health in persons with epilepsy in the community compared with those without epilepsy. The CCHS includes administration of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview to a sample of 36,984 subjects. Age-specific prevalence of mental health conditions in epilepsy was assessed using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of epilepsy was 0.6%. Individuals with epilepsy were more likely than individuals without epilepsy to report lifetime anxiety disorders or suicidal thoughts with odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI = 1.5,3.8) and 2.2 (1.4,3.3), respectively. In the crude analysis, the odds of lifetime major depression or panic disorder/agoraphobia were not greater in those with epilepsy than those without epilepsy, but the association with lifetime major depression became significant after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions: In the community, epilepsy is associated with an increased prevalence of mental health disorders compared with the general population. Epilepsy is also associated with a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation. Understanding the psychiatric correlates of epilepsy is important to adequately manage this patient population. [source] Are Migraine and Coronary Heart Disease Associated?HEADACHE, Issue 2004An Epidemiologic Review In evaluating the cardiovascular risks of triptans (5-HT1B/1D agonists) for the treatment of migraine, the possible relationship between migraine and cardiovascular disease warrants careful assessment. The vascular nature of migraine is compatible with the possibility that migraine is a manifestation of cardiovascular disease or is linked to cardiovascular disease via a common mechanism. If so, then migraine itself,independent of the use of triptans,may be associated with an increased risk of cardiac events. This article considers the epidemiologic literature pertinent to evaluating the association of migraine with coronary heart disease. The research reviewed herein fails to support an association between migraine and coronary heart disease. First, data from several large cohort studies show that the presence of migraine does not increase risk of coronary heart disease. Furthermore, although migraineurs are generally more likely than nonmigraineurs to report chest pain, the presence of chest pain in most studies did not predict serious cardiac events such as myocardial infarction. That the gender- and age-specific prevalence of migraine does not overlap with that of coronary heart disease is also consistent with a lack of association between migraine and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. While migraine appears not to be associated with coronary heart disease, preliminary evidence suggests a possible link of migraine with vasospastic disorders such as variant angina and Raynaud's phenomenon. These results warrant further investigation in large prospective studies. [source] Secular trend of age-specific prevalence of hepatitis B surface and e antigenemia in pregnant women in TaiwanJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2003Ho-Hsiung Lin Abstract To elucidate the impact of aging of hepatitis B carrier women on their viral replicative markers in a hepatitis B endemic area, all the parturients admitted to the Hospital were studied from 1985 to 2000. Serum hepatitis B surface (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were tested by radioimmunoassay. Mann-Whitney U and Student's t -tests were used for statistical analysis. The results showed the yearly prevalence rate of HBsAg in pregnant women seemed stable with a mean of 12.0,±,1.1% during the period. The yearly positive rate of HBeAg among HBsAg-positive pregnant women varied between 30.4% and 42.6% from 1985 to 1992 and declined from 29.6% in 1993 to 18.1% in 2000. The mean ratio of HBeAg/HBsAg in carrier parturients was 24.7% [intraquantile range (IQR) 20.5,28.4] from 1993 to 2000, which was significantly lower than that of 32.4% (IQR 31.0,39.0) from 1985 to 1992 (P,< 0.0001). The mean age of HBeAg-positive primiparas from 1993 to 2000 was 29.1,±,3.9 years and significantly higher than that of 28.0,±,3.7 years from 1985 to 1993 (P,<,0.001), as well as in secundiparas 31.2,±,3.8 years vs. 30.1,±,3.4 years (P,< 0.001) and in total parturients 30.3,±,4.2 years vs. 29.3,±,3.8 years (P,<,0.001). Thus, no significant decrease of HBsAg carriage was observed in the past 16 years, whereas a decreased ratio of HBeAg/HBsAg was noted in carrier parturients in the past 8 years and the elderly HBeAg-positive parturients from 1993 to 2000 may be the cause. J. Med. Virol. 69:466,470, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] HCV infection and oral lichen planus: a weak association when HCV is endemicJOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Issue 5 2004G. Campisi Abstract, Oral lichen planus (OLP), an immune-mediated disorder, has been reported as an extra-hepatic manifestation of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, especially in HCV hyperendemic areas such as southern Europe and Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate from an epidemiological standpoint whether HCV infection is an important factor affecting the relative risk of OLP in a Mediterranean population or whether this relates to the degree of HCV endemicity. Two cohorts of OLP patients resident in two different regions of southern Italy (Campania and Sicily; n = 859) were evaluated for HCV infection status and categorized into five age classes to respective region-matched controls. No significant difference was found between OLP patients and the general population in this area, when data were corrected by the age-stratified prevalence of HCV. Therefore, the age-specific prevalence of HCV infection in OLP patients shows a close trend of direct association with increasing age, without significant differences with the general population of each geographical area. An aetiological link between OLP and HCV cannot be inferred solely by epidemiological data. [source] Maternal age-specific fetal loss rates in Down syndrome pregnanciesPRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 6 2006George M. Savva Abstract Objectives Pregnancies affected by Down syndrome (DS) have a greater risk of spontaneous fetal loss than those that are unaffected. In this article, we investigate the relationship between maternal age and the risk of spontaneous fetal loss in DS pregnancies. Methods Fetal loss at different maternal ages were estimated by survival analysis using follow-up of 5177 prenatally diagnosed cases. The maternal age effect on loss rate was subsequently confirmed by a re-analysis of published comparisons of the maternal age-specific prevalence of DS at different gestational ages. Results The average fetal loss rate between the time of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and term was 32% (95% CI: 26,38), increasing from 23% (95% CI: 16,31) for women aged 25 to 44% (33,56) for women aged 45. The average fetal loss rate between the time of amniocentesis and term was 25% (21,31), increasing from 19% (14,27) to 33% (26,45) across the same age range. Conclusion The fetal loss rate in DS pregnancies increases with maternal age, and this has consequences when estimating the live birth prevalence of DS in the presence of prenatal diagnosis and termination, and when assessing the performance of prenatal screening techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Helicobacter pylori infection in children: population-based age-specific prevalence and risk factors in a developing countryACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2010W Jafri Abstract Aim:, We estimated the prevalence, age of acquisition and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) seroprevalence in children aged 1,15 years. Methods:, Exposure was assessed using ELISA. Parents responded to a questionnaire regarding number of individuals sharing house, rooms, water source, latrines, housing and assessment of socioeconomic status (SES) by Hollingshead Index. Results:, Serum of 1976 children was tested. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in children aged 11,15 years was 53.5% (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.58,2.5). It increased with moderate crowding index (CRI) of 2,4 to 45.9% (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.92,1.63) and to 51.2% with CRI >4 (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12,2.06). In middle SES, seropositivity was 50.5% (331/655) (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.29,2.35), whereas in lower SES, it was 47.1% (500/1062) (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1,2.0). Multivariate analysis showed that Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence was high in children aged 6,10 and 11,15 years (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2,1.9 and OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.56,2.47 respectively), in lower-middle SES (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2,2.1 and OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.10,2.0 respectively) and in uneducated fathers (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.27,1.95). Conclusion:,Helicobacter pylori seropositivity increases with age, in low-middle SES and is related to father's educational status. Reducing H. pylori seroprevalence will require improvement in sanitary conditions and educational status of the population. [source] | |||||||||||||