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Age-adjusted Prevalence (age-adjusted + prevalence)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Oman

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 11 2002
J. A. Al-Lawati
Abstract Aims To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impairedfasting glucose by age, gender, and by region and compare resultswith the 1991 survey; and estimate previously undiagnosed diabetesmellitus in the Omani population. Methods Cross-sectional survey containing a probability random sample of5838 Omani adults aged , 20 years. Diabetesand impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were assessed by fasting venous plasmaglucose using 1999 World Health Organization's diagnosticcriteria (normoglycaemia < 6.1 mmol/l, IFG , 6.1 but < 7 mmol/l,and diabetes , 7 mmol/l). The 1991 surveywas reanalysed using the same diagnostic criteria, and results werecompared. Results In 2000, the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes among Omanis aged30,64 years reached 16.1% (95% confidenceinterval (CI) 14.7,17.4) compared with 12.2% (95% CI11.0,13.4) in 1991. IFG was found among 7.1% (95% CI6.2,8.1) of males and 5.1% (95% CI 4.4,6.0)of females. Generally, diabetes was more common in urban then ruralregions. Only one-third of diabetic subjects knew that they haddiabetes. Nearly half of the study population had a body mass index > 25 kg/m2. Conclusions The prevalence of diabetes is high in Oman and has increasedover the past decade. The high rate of abnormal fasting glucosetogether with high rates of overweight and obesity in the population makeit likely that diabetes will continue to be a major health problem inOman. Primary prevention programmes are urgently needed to counteract majorrisk factors that promote the development of diabetes. Diabet. Med. 19, 954,957 (2002) [source]

A two-fold difference in the age-adjusted prevalences of Parkinson's disease between the island of Als and the Faroe Islands

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2000
L. Wermuth
With the aim of comparing the previously found high prevalence of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Faroe Islands with the prevalence of PD in an area of Denmark, we used the same case-finding methods for case ascertainment and the same strict criteria to diagnose PD on the island of Als. During the last year before the prevalence date (1 January 1998), we found in various registries from pharmacies, hospital, private neurologist and general practioners 121 patients with suspected Parkinsonism out of 56 839 inhabitants on the island of Als. After exclusion of those who had other diseases, a total of 79 patients were left for further examinations. Among these we found 58 with PD. The overall prevalence of PD was estimated to be 102.0 and the age-adjusted prevalence to be 98.3 per 100 000 persons compared with 187.6 and 209.0 in the Faroe Islands. Compared with the previous results from the Faroe Islands (prevalence date 1 July 1995) we found an even lower mean age at onset of PD symptoms and at onset of treatment, a lower proportion of definite PD and a lower average dose of levodopa. We therefore conclude that the two-fold higher prevalence in the Faroe Islands than on the island of Als was not due to an early diagnosis and a higher ascertainment of cases with mild PD, which was suggested as being one possible explanation for our previous finding of a high prevalence of PD in the Faroe Islands. [source]

Prevalence and trends in low femur bone density among older US adults: NHANES 2005,2006 compared with NHANES III

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010
Anne C Looker
Abstract Hip fracture incidence appears to be declining in the United States, but changes in bone mineral density (BMD) of the population have not been evaluated. We used femur BMD data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005,2006 to estimate the prevalence of low femoral BMD in adults age 50 years and older and compared it with estimates from NHANES III (1988,1994). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry systems (pencil-beam geometry in NHANES III, fan-beam geometry in NHANES 2005,2006) were used to measure femur BMD, and World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of low BMD were used to categorize skeletal status. In 2005,2006, 49% of older US women had osteopenia and 10% had osteoporosis at the femur neck. In men, 30% had femur neck osteopenia and 2% had femur neck osteoporosis. An estimated 5.3 million older men and women had osteoporosis at the femur neck, and 34.5 million more had osteopenia in 2005,2006. When compared with NHANES III, the age-adjusted prevalence of femur neck osteoporosis in NHANES 2005,2006 was lower in men (by 3 percentage units) and women (by 7 percentage units) overall and among non-Hispanic whites. Changes in body mass index or osteoporosis medication use between surveys did not fully explain the decline in osteoporosis. Owing to the increase in the number of older adults in the US population, however, more older adults had low femur neck BMD (osteoporosis + osteopenia) in 2005,2006 than in 1988,1994. Thus, despite the decline in prevalence, the estimated number of affected older adults in 2005,2006 remained high. Copyright © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research [source]

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome based on a harmonious definition among adults in the US,

JOURNAL OF DIABETES, Issue 3 2010
Earl S. FORD
Abstract Background:, Recently, a Joint Scientific Statement bridged differences between previous definitions of metabolic syndrome. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a representative sample of US adults and to examine its correlates. Methods:, We analyzed data for up to 3461 participants aged ,20 years of the 2003,2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results:, Using waist circumference thresholds of ,102 cm for men and ,88 cm for women, the age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 34.3% among all adults, 36.1% among men, and 32.4% among women. Using racial- or ethnic-specific International Diabetes Federation criteria for waist circumference, the age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 38.5% for all participants, 41.9% for men, and 35.0% for women. Prevalence increased with age, peaking among those aged 60,69 years. Prevalence was lower among African American men than White or Mexican American men, and lower among White women than among African American or Mexican American women. In a multivariate regression model, significant independent associations were noted for age (positive), gender (men higher than women), race or ethnicity (African Americans and participants of another race lower than Whites), educational status (inverse), hypercholesterolemia (positive), concentrations of C-reactive protein (positive), leisure time physical activity (inverse), microalbuminuria (positive), and hyperinsulinemia (positive). Additional adjustment for body mass index weakened many of the associations, with educational status and microalbuminuria no longer significant contributors to the model. Conclusion:, Metabolic syndrome continues to be highly prevalent among adults in the US. [source]

Smoking behavior in trucking industry workers

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 12 2006
MSPH, Nitin B. Jain MD
Abstract Background In retrospective occupational studies, the degree of confounding by smoking depends on variation in smoking among job-related exposure groups. We assessed the relationship between job title and smoking behavior as part of a study on occupational exposures and lung cancer. Methods A questionnaire on smoking was mailed to a sample of 11,986 trucking industry workers. Company records were used to gather other relevant information. Results The response rate was 40.5%. Among white males, the age-adjusted prevalence of ever smoking was highest among longhaul truck drivers (67%) and lowest among clerks (44%). Smoking rates among workers with other job titles were similar. Conclusions Our results will be used to adjust for the differences in smoking among job-related exposure groups when assessing the association between particulate matter exposure and lung cancer mortality. Our study also suggests that an assessment of methods to control for smoking should be considered in the design of retrospective occupational health studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Breast cancer survivors in the United States

CANCER, Issue 9 2009
2005-201, Geographic Variability, Time Trends
Abstract BACKGROUND: Breast cancer continues to place a significant burden on the healthcare system. Regional prevalence measures are instrumental in the development of cancer control policies. Very few population-based cancer registries are able to provided local, long-term incidence and follow-up information that permits the direct calculation of prevalence. Model-based prevalence estimates are an alternative when this information is lacking or incomplete. The current work represents a comprehensive collection of female breast cancer prevalence from 2005 to 2015 in the United States and the District of Columbia (DC). METHODS: Breast cancer prevalence estimates were derived from state-specific cancer mortality and survival data using a statistical package called the Mortality-Incidence Analysis Model or MIAMOD. Cancer survival models were derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data and were adjusted to represent state-specific survival. Comparisons with reported incidence for 39 states and DC had validated estimates. RESULTS: By the year 2010, 2.9 million breast cancer survivors are predicted in the US, equaling 1.85% of the female population. Large variability in prevalent percentages was reported between states, ranging from 1.4% to 2.4% in 2010. Geographic variability was reduced when calculating age-standardized prevalence proportions or cancer survivors by disease duration, including 0 to 2 years and 2 to 5 years. The residual variability in age-adjusted prevalence was explained primarily by the state-specific, age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rates. State-specific breast cancer survivors are expected to increase from 16% to 51% in the decennium from 2005 to 2015 and by 31% at the national level. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first to provide systematic estimations of breast cancer prevalence in all US states through 2015. The estimated levels and time trends were consistent with the available population-based data on breast cancer incidence, prevalence, and population aging. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society. [source]