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Exchange Efficiency (exchange + efficiency)
Selected AbstractsChanges in dead space can explain part of the reduction in gas exchange efficiency found, not necessarily linked to respiratory sinus arrhythmiaEXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Alessandro Beda No abstract is available for this article. [source] Is Off,Board Trading Detrimental to Market Liquidity?FINANCIAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2002Joanne Hamet Dual trading can have opposite effects: although competition between markets should induce dealers to offer cheaper transactions, market fragmentation could reduce market activity, liquidity, and exchange efficiency. This paper shows that for French stocks traded on the London Stock Exchange's SEAQ International (SEAQ,I), market activity decreases significantly in the Paris Bourse during UK bank holidays. Thus, SEAQ,I market makers seem to divert a new clientele to the Paris Bourse, increasing both market activity and the breadth of the Bourse's order book. Also, contrary to the fragmentation hypothesis, dual trading does not seem to increase information asymmetry. [source] Structure, function and evolution of the gas exchangers: comparative perspectivesJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 4 2002J. N. Maina Abstract Over the evolutionary continuum, animals have faced similar fundamental challenges of acquiring molecular oxygen for aerobic metabolism. Under limitations and constraints imposed by factors such as phylogeny, behaviour, body size and environment, they have responded differently in founding optimal respiratory structures. A quintessence of the aphorism that ,necessity is the mother of invention', gas exchangers have been inaugurated through stiff cost,benefit analyses that have evoked transaction of trade-offs and compromises. Cogent structural,functional correlations occur in constructions of gas exchangers: within and between taxa, morphological complexity and respiratory efficiency increase with metabolic capacities and oxygen needs. Highly active, small endotherms have relatively better-refined gas exchangers compared with large, inactive ectotherms. Respiratory structures have developed from the plain cell membrane of the primeval prokaryotic unicells to complex multifunctional ones of the modern Metazoa. Regarding the respiratory medium used to extract oxygen from, animal life has had only two choices , water or air , within the biological range of temperature and pressure the only naturally occurring respirable fluids. In rarer cases, certain animals have adapted to using both media. Gills (evaginated gas exchangers) are the primordial respiratory organs: they are the archetypal water breathing organs. Lungs (invaginated gas exchangers) are the model air breathing organs. Bimodal (transitional) breathers occupy the water,air interface. Presentation and exposure of external (water/air) and internal (haemolymph/blood) respiratory media, features determined by geometric arrangement of the conduits, are important features for gas exchange efficiency: counter-current, cross-current, uniform pool and infinite pool designs have variably developed. [source] Thermal, catalytic, antimicrobial, and chelating aspects of phenolic resin and its polychelates with f-block elementsJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2008M. M. Patel Abstract The polymeric ligand (resin) was synthesized by condensation of 2-hydroxy-4-ethoxybenzophenone with ethane diol in the presence of polyphosphoric acid as a catalyst at 145°C for 10 h. The synthesized resin was used to study its ion exchange efficiency and to synthesize its polychelates with 4f-block elements. The resin and its polychelates were characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, IR, NMR, and thermogravimetric analyses. The molecular weight was determined using number,average molecular weight (Mn) by a vapor pressure osmometry (VPO) method. Ion-exchange studies at various concentrations of different electrolytes, pH, and rate have been carried out for f-block elements. Antimicrobial activity of all polychelates and catalytic activity of selected polychelates in organic synthesis have been studied. It is observed that resin can be used as an ion-exchanger and polychelates are found to be an efficient catalysts and antimicrobial agents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source] Measuring Productive Efficiency of Stock Exchanges using Price Adjustment CoefficientsINTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF FINANCE, Issue 1-2 2003Vijaya B. Marisetty A stock exchange's efficiency can be measured by its liquidity and price discovery mechanism. An exchange that provides price discovery will have high liquidity. By measuring the speed of stock price adjustment to its intrinsic value with the arrival of new information, we can understand the price discovery process and productive efficiency of a stock exchange. India has 23 stock exchanges, 20 of which have almost become dysfunctional due to negligible trading during the last five years. Measuring productive efficiency of the current active stock exchanges will help to understand the future direction of the Indian stock market. Using the corrected Damodaran (1993) model and a new model proposed in this paper, I found that information adjustment in the Indian market is very slow. Contrary to the developed markets, in the Indian stock market, stock prices overreact before adjusting to their intrinsic values. I also found that market-wide information adjusts faster than firm-specific information. [source] | |||||||||||||