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Excellent Marker (excellent + marker)
Selected AbstractsMUC4 is upregulated in ovarian carcinoma effusions and differentiates carcinoma cells from mesothelial cellsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 12 2007Ben Davidson M.D., Ph.D. Abstract Using gene expression arrays, we recently showed that MUC4 expression is significantly higher in ovarian/primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (OC/PPC) compared to diffuse peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (DMPM). In the present study, we analyzed the anatomic site-related expression of MUC4 in OC/PPC and studied its prognostic role. We additionally studied the ability of MUC4 to differentiate between OC/PPC and reactive mesothelial cells (RMC). OC/PPC effusions (n = 142) and benign reactive effusions (n = 10) were immunostained for MUC4 expression. Immunoreactivity was scored in carcinoma cells and RMC and was compared with tumor cell expression in 60 previously studied primary carcinomas and solid metastases and analyzed for association with clinicopathologic parameters, including survival. MUC4 was detected in carcinoma cells in 141/142 (99%) effusions, with comparable expression in peritoneal and pleural effusions. RMC were present in 72 malignant effusions and were MUC4-negative in all specimens, as well as in the 10 reactive effusions. MUC4 expression in carcinoma cells in effusions was significantly higher than in primary carcinomas and solid metastases (P < 0.001). Higher MUC4 expression was seen in tumors from older (>60 year) patients (P = 0.049). No association was found between MUC4 expression and other clinicopathologic parameters, including survival. MUC4 is universally expressed in OC/PPC effusions and is upregulated at this anatomic site compared to primary carcinomas and solid metastases. The data in the present study, together with our earlier report, show that MUC4 is an excellent marker for differentiating OC/PPC from both benign and malignant mesothelial cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:756,760. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Mechanistic studies of the transdermal iontophoretic delivery of 5-OH-DPAT in vitroJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2010Oliver W. Ackaert Abstract A characterization and optimization of the in vitro transdermal iontophoretic transport of 5-hydroxy-2-(N,N,-di-n-propylamino)tetralin (5-OH-DPAT) is presented. The utility of acetaminophen as a marker of electroosmotic flow was studied as well. The following parameters of iontophoretic transport of 5-OH-DPAT were examined: drug donor concentration, electroosmotic contribution, influence of co-ions, current density, and composition of the acceptor phase. The steady-state flux (Fluxss) of acetaminophen was linearly correlated with the donor concentration and co-iontophoresis of acetaminophen did not influence the iontophoretic flux of 5-OH-DPAT, indicating that acetaminophen is an excellent marker of electroosmotic flow. Lowering the Na+ concentration from 78 to 10,mM in the donor phase, resulted in a 2.5-fold enhancement of the Fluxss. The Fluxss showed a nonlinear relation with the drug donor concentration and an excellent linear correlation with the current density. Reducing the pH of the acceptor phase from 7.4 to 6.2 resulted in a dramatic decrease of the Fluxss of 5-OH-DPAT, explained by a reduced electroosmotic flow and an increased counter-ion flow. Optimization of the conditions resulted in a maximum Fluxss of 5-OH-DPAT of 1.0,µmol,·,cm,2,h,1 demonstrating the potential of the iontophoretic delivery of this dopamine agonist for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:275,285, 2010 [source] N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide for detection of cardiovascular stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndromeJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 4 2006EDMOND VARTANY Summary Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have an elevated incidence of cardiovascular events that may be related to an increased ventricular load and hypoxemia caused by apneas and hypopneas. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) appears to be an excellent marker of myocardial stretch and could serve as an indicator of subclinical cardiac stress, thereby identifying a patient population at risk for cardiac effects from OSAS. Adult patients presenting with suspected OSAS and scheduled for nocturnal polysomnography were recruited. Patients with heart or renal failure or severe lung disease were excluded. NTproBNP was measured the evening before and the morning after sleep. Blood pressure (BP) was monitored intermittently throughout the night. Fifteen male and 15 female subjects with a mean ± SD body mass index of 38.2 ± 9.8 were studied. Mean Apnea,Hypopnea Index (AHI) was 38.4 ± 26, with 17 subjects having severe OSAS (AHI > 30). No subject had a significant rise in BP. NTproBNP values overnight decreased in 19 patients and rose in 11 (mean change 3.8 ± 33 pg mL,1), but only one patient had an abnormal morning value. Three patients had an abnormal NTproBNP value prior to sleep, but their levels decreased with sleep. No correlations were detected between the evening baseline or postsleep NTproBNP levels and OSAS. Monitoring pre- and postsleep NTproBNP levels revealed no association with the occurrence or degree of OSAS, making it unlikely that NTproBNP could serve as a marker of cardiac stress in OSAS patients with stable BP and without overt heart failure. [source] Comparison of metallothionein-overexpression with sentinel lymph node biopsy as prognostic factors in melanomaJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 5 2007G Weinlich Abstract Background, Metallothioneins (MT) are ubiquitous, intracellular small proteins with high affinity for heavy metal ions. Immunohistochemical MT overexpression in paraffin-embedded tissues of patients with primary melanoma is associated with poor prognosis. While sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is an established surgical technique for high-risk melanoma patients with predictive value for progression, the benefit of this procedure for the individual patient's overall survival remains unclear. Aim and methods, We examined the role of MT overexpression in comparison with SLN biopsy in melanoma patients as a prognostic marker for progression and survival. One hundred and fifty-eight (158) patients underwent SLN biopsy due to high-risk melanoma. Primary melanoma specimens were investigated by using a monoclonal antibody against MT on routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The patients were followed up (median 37 months); the data of disease free survival and overall survival were calculated with a broad panel of statistical analyses. Results, Twenty-eight (18%) out of 158 recruited melanoma patients developed metastases, 17 (11%) patients died due to widespread disease. Kaplan,Meier curves gave significant disadvantages for the MT-positive as well as the SLN-positive group for progression and survival. In the Fisher's exact test and Pearson's ,2 -test MT overexpression was highly significant for progression, whereas SLN biopsy failed significance. In univariate as well as multivariate Cox regression analysis MT overexpression proved an excellent marker for progression (P = 0.007 and P = 0.009), although the P -values for survival were not significant. In contrast, while in the univariate analysis SLN biopsy did not show significant results for progression it did for survival, and in the multivariate analysis reached a P -value < 0.05 for both measured endpoints. Conclusion, Results corroborate the validity of MT overexpression in primary melanoma as a useful prognostic marker in melanoma patients. Accuracy is comparable and to some degree supplementary to the results of SLN biopsy. [source] Renal cell carcinoma marker reliably discriminates central nervous system haemangioblastoma from brain metastases of renal cell carcinomaHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008B Ingold Aims:, The distinction between central nervous system (CNS) metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and CNS haemangioblastoma still poses a challenge to the pathologist. Since both entities occur in von Hippel,Lindau disease, this aggravates the issue. The antibody renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC-ma) has been suggested to identify primary RCCs specifically, but its value for diagnosing metastases of RCC is controversial. The aim was to assess two distinct clones of the RCC-ma for their potential to: (i) identify primary RCCs and (ii) differentiate between CNS metastases of clear cell RCC and CNS haemangioblastomas. Methods and results:, Using tissue microarrays, 77% (n = 363; PN-15) and 66% (n = 355; 66.4C2) of clear cell RCCs, and 93% (PN-15) and 74% (66.4C2) of papillary RCCs (n = 46) were immunopositive for RCC-ma, whereas none of the investigated chromophobe RCCs (n = 22) or any of the oncocytomas (n = 15) showed immunoreactivity. Importantly, 50.9% of CNS metastases of clear cell RCCs (n = 55) exhibited RCC-ma expression, whereas all CNS haemangioblastomas (71) were negative. Conclusions:, Both RCC-ma clones, despite some variation in their sensitivity to detect clear cell and papillary RCCs, are of value in differentiating subtypes of primary RCC and are excellent markers for discriminating clear cell lesions in the brain. [source] | ||||||||||