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Event Memories (event + memory)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Psychology100%

Selected Abstracts

The Time to Talk: The Influence of the Timing of Adult,Child Talk on Children's Event Memory

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2004
Fiona McGuigan
To investigate the influence of the nature and timing of adult,child talk on event recall, this study engaged 63 three-year-olds and 65 five-year-olds in a staged event and interviewed them 2 weeks later. Children were assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: elaborative pre-, during-, and post-talk, and empty talk (during the event). Children in the elaborative, relative to the empty, talk conditions made fewer errors. Furthermore, post-talk had the greatest influence on correct recall, although for the 5-year-olds, during-talk was also facilitative. Recall was enhanced to a greater extent by the child's contribution to the talk, relative to that of the adult. The findings contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms by which adult,child conversations influence recall. [source]

What remains of that day: The survival of children's autobiographical memories across time

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
Gwynn Morris
In this study we investigated the contributions of the content and the coherence of initial event reports to the survival of autobiographical memories during part of the lifespan eventually obscured by childhood amnesia. Over 100 children reported personal experiences when they were 4, 6 or 8 years old, enabling a determination of age-related differences in two aspects of narrative coherence: Theme and chronology. Content was assessed separately through the presentation of directed memory probes. After a 1-year delay, younger children more frequently failed to report target experiences. Multilevel modelling indicated that the survivability of a memory was predicted over and above the child's age by high thematic coherence of the initial memory narrative, but not by the memory content. It is possible that memories described in a highly thematically coherent narrative are indicative of well-integrated event memories, and thus likely to be cued more often, resulting in their long-term survival. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Autobiographical and event memories for surprising and unsurprising events

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Emanuele Coluccia
Although research converges on the idea that surprise is not essential to form a ,flashbulb memory' (FBM), no study has explicitly shown that a FBM that develops from an unexpected event has the same structure as a FBM that develops from an expected event. In the present research, we explored whether there is any substantial difference on veridicality, consistency and confidence in both autobiographical and event memories for surprising and expected events. Two groups of participants were tested for their memories of a surprising (Study I) or an expected (Study II) event at different delays of indexing from the original news. All participants were then re-tested after 6 months and again after 1 year from the first interview. The same patterns of results were found for both events. Consistent with the ,narrative and rehearsal' hypothesis, our results provide direct evidence that surprise does not affect the structure of a FBM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Memory fragments as components of autobiographical knowledge

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
Darryl Bruce
Adults described and dated two kinds of personal remembrances: a fragment,a memory moment that is largely bereft of context,and an episodic, personal event memory,a narrative that consists of a number of related events. In Experiment 1 subjects reported memories from when they were 0,8 years of age and in Experiment 2, from when they were 0,16 years of age. Fragments were judged to be older than event memories, especially in Experiment 2 where the estimated ages of most fragments were from 0 to 8 years and of most episodic memories, from 8 to 16 years. Ratings of various features of the two kinds of memories also differed. We conclude that isolated memory moments possess validity and that although they are most likely to arise when the autobiographical memory system is not fully developed, they can also originate during a time when it is. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Maternal distancing and event memory at 20 months

INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2003
Nathalie Prudhomme
Abstract Maternal distancing strategies (Sigel, 1993 in The Development and Meaning of Psychological Distance, Cocking R, Renninger KA (eds). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; 141,158) with 20-month-olds were analysed during a mother,child interaction in a free play situation. Then, they were related to memory performance of the children as assessed by the elicited imitation paradigm with 4 three-step sequences of actions (Bauer, Hertsgaard, Child Dev. 1993; 64:1204). The aim of this work was to (1) confirm that the Sigel's model of distancing could be used with very young children under two; (2) study relationships between maternal distancing that stimulate representational competence of the child and memory performance of the children. Results showed two different patterns of correlations depending on the sequence type: for enabling sequences, significant positive correlations were obtained for the first two distancing levels whereas for arbitrary sequences no correlation was found whatever the distancing level. As discussed, the first pattern brings new arguments in support of declarative memory before the age of 2 years and reframes the memory development in a Vygotskyian interactionist perspective. The second pattern of correlations calls for replication and more investigation about the processes implied in memory of very young children for different sequence types. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The role of importance/consequentiality appraisal in flashbulb memory formation: the case of the death of Pope John Paul II

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
Carla Tinti
This study investigates how flashbulb memories (FBMs) relative to the death of Pope John Paul II vary according to the persons' evaluation of the event's importance and consequences. In particular, FBMs were investigated in persons who were expected to attribute different degrees of importance/consequentiality to the event as a function of two factors: (1) religious involvement, (2) nationality (Polish, Italian, Swiss). The comparison was made with respect to the following hypothesized determinants of FBMs: surprise, emotional reaction, rehearsal, event memory and especially the attitudes towards the Pope and the appraisal of the importance and the consequences of his death. Structural equation modelling indicates that importance/consequentiality is a fundamental determinant of FBM and is influenced by antecedent personal and social characteristics reflected in the person's attitudes. Moreover, memory consistency seems to be both directly influenced by emotional intensity and indirectly through rehearsal, whereas surprise seems not a critical determinant of FBM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Memory fragments as components of autobiographical knowledge

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
Darryl Bruce
Adults described and dated two kinds of personal remembrances: a fragment,a memory moment that is largely bereft of context,and an episodic, personal event memory,a narrative that consists of a number of related events. In Experiment 1 subjects reported memories from when they were 0,8 years of age and in Experiment 2, from when they were 0,16 years of age. Fragments were judged to be older than event memories, especially in Experiment 2 where the estimated ages of most fragments were from 0 to 8 years and of most episodic memories, from 8 to 16 years. Ratings of various features of the two kinds of memories also differed. We conclude that isolated memory moments possess validity and that although they are most likely to arise when the autobiographical memory system is not fully developed, they can also originate during a time when it is. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Increased realism in eyewitness confidence judgements: the effect of dyadic collaboration

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
Carl Martin Allwood
This study investigated to what extent, and under what circumstances, pair collaboration influences the realism in eyewitness confidence in event memory. The participants first saw a short film clip and then confidence rated their answers to questions on its content. A condition (the Individual,Pair condition) where individual effort preceded pair collaboration showed better calibration compared with a condition (the Simple Pair condition) where no individual effort took place. Furthermore, within the Individual,Pair condition, better calibration, and lower overconfidence, were found in the pair phase compared with the individual phase. The eyewitnesses in the Individual,Pair condition made more realistic judgements of the total number of questions answered correctly. In a control experiment no effect on realism in confidence was found when individuals performed the same task twice. The improved realism in the Individual,Pair condition may partly be explained in terms of the increased accuracy and lowered confidence found for such items where the pair members' had given different answers in the individual phase, and by a risky shift effect for such items where they had given the same answer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]