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European Perspective (european + perspective)
Selected AbstractsSustainability Science Partnerships in Concept and in Practice: a Guide to a New Curriculum from a European PerspectiveGEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009A. CRISTINA DE LA VEGA-LEINERT Abstract This paper makes the case for advancing sustainability science partnerships (SSPs) both within universities and through innovative means of integrating universities with external public-private and civil sectors. It links the basic principles of sustainable development with an emerging science of cooperative learning that connects researchers to a wide range of partners. SSPs are specifically designed to be transformational through becoming active agents for societal change. Universities play a special role here because they can act both as communication networks and as laboratories for developing the capability to design and manage SSPs in the creative transition to sustainability. It is gratifying to note that these ideas are beginning to emerge in a number of universities, with European examples being highlighted in this paper. Further steps towards introducing full-blooded SSPs across the university spectrum are suggested. [source] Trafficking and Human Smuggling: A European PerspectiveINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 3 2000John Salt The article reviews the empirical evidence for trafficking and human smuggling in Europe. It argues that a market for irregular migration services has emerged, in which the mechanisms and forms of organization are still relatively unknown. Irregular migrants using these services are exposed both to unscrupulous service providers and to the immigration and policing authorities, thereby generating a dependence on safeguards provided by the trafficking networks. Thus a symbiosis has developed between trafficker and trafficked. The enormous interest and concern for trafficking and human smuggling in governmental, inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations, in the media and popular opinion, is running ahead of theoretical understanding and factual evidence. This has implications for policy measures designed to combat trafficking and human smuggling, which may not work and also have unintended side effects. The article begins with a discussion of the main conceptual and definitional issues confronting researchers and politicians. This is followed by an assessment of the main theoretical approaches that have been developed and an evaluation of current statistical knowledge. Information on the organizational structure of trafficking organizations is then reviewed, followed by a summary of the characteristics of migrants involved, based on empirical studies that have been carried out. The article concludes by indicating some of the main research priorities. [source] International Relations: A European Perspective , By M. TelòJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 4 2010FRANKOWSKI No abstract is available for this article. [source] International Business Economics: A European Perspective , Edited by J. Piggott and M. CookJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 5 2007ROGER HENDERSON No abstract is available for this article. [source] Study Design in Osteoporosis: A European Perspective,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 6 2003Ja Kanis MD The advent of effective agents for the treatment of osteoporosis has led to the view that placebo-controlled trials to test new agents for efficacy are no longer appropriate. Rather, studies of superiority, equivalence, or non-inferiority have been recommended. Such studies require very large sample sizes, and the burden of osteoporotic fracture in a trial setting is substantially increased. Studies of equivalence cannot be unambiguously interpreted because the variance in effect of active comparator agents is too large in osteoporosis. If fracture studies are required by regulatory agencies, there is still a requirement for placebo-controlled studies, although perhaps of shorter duration than demanded at present. [source] The Elusiveness of Protestantism: The Last Expatriations for "Apostasy" from the Church of Sweden (1858) in a European Perspective*JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 3 2007ERIK SIDENVALL By studying the responses to the last expulsion for "apostasy" from the Swedish National Church in 1858, this article examines how an international Protestant identity was constructed in mid-nineteenth-century Europe. It is the argument of this study that a comprehensive identity , including both evangelicals and theological progressives , could be built around the notion of religious liberty. The advocacy of religious freedom became a line of demarcation that separated this group from the Roman Catholic Church, as well as from those Protestants that were firmly attached to an exclusivist position. In order to manufacture this unity, strategies that had been used to fortify the Catholic,Protestant divide were now also used to establish distinctions between different forms of Protestant belief. It is the argument of this article that this unity definitely broke with the theological disputes of the 1860s. [source] European Perspectives on the Global Financial Crisis: Introduction,JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 5 2009DERMOT HODSON First page of article [source] Drugs in Society: European PerspectivesJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 7 2008PHILIP JAMES [source] The Breakthrough of Another West European Populist Radical Right Party?GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 4 2010The Case of the True Finns The True Finn Party (PS), which gained virtually 10 per cent of the national vote at the 2009 European Parliament election, lacks a place in the comparative party literature and also defies ready classification. It has been perceived by its supporters as the most left-wing of the non-socialist parties; by Finnish media commentators as a case of right-wing populism; and by researchers as a distinctive centred-based populist party when viewed in a wider European perspective. Based on a careful study of its programmatic output since its inception in 1995, this article seeks to characterize the PS by reference to its core ideological features. It argues that it is in fact a populist radical right party , with national identity or Finnishness as its pivotal concept , albeit without the xenophobic extremism of such continental counterparts as the Danish People's Party or Austrian Freedom Party. [source] Politic history, New Monarchy and state formation: Henry VII in European perspectiveHISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 217 2009Steven Gunn Historians have repeatedly compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, Louis XI of France and Ferdinand of Aragon. Around 1600 the writers of politic history emphasized Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from his fellow monarchs. By 1900 analysts of the ,New Monarchy' placed more stress on the common circumstances that underlay the revival of monarchical power, but thereby raised awkward questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. Latterly a model of European state formation has been constructed which sets Henry's kingship less comfortably alongside those of Louis and Ferdinand. This should lead us not to abandon, but to reshape the attempt to set Henry in his European context. [source] Surgical site infection , a European perspective of incidence and economic burdenINTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL, Issue 4 2004Article first published online: 9 DEC 200 L'infection du site opératoire- une perspective Européenne de l'incidence et du coût économique Cette etude retrospective des taux rapportés d'infections du site opératoirea été développée afin d'obtenir une échelle d'estimation du probléme et de son incidence économique. Les rechercehs preliminaries dans la literature avaient montré des données incompletes si l'on suivait les données du National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. En élargissant les recherches, les etudes ont été sélectionnées selon le nombre de parameters rapporté, parmi ceux identifies comme critiques pour déterminer précisément les taux d'infection des sites opératoires. Quarante-huit etudes ont été analysées. Aucune des etudes revues ne rapportait tous les items nécesaires à une analyse comparative des taux d'infection du site opératoire. Les variations estimées entre les etudes seléctionnées étaient importantes- 15,20%- une consequence de l'inconstance des méthodes de recollection des données, des critèrres de surveillance et des larges variations des techniques chirurgicales étudiées- souvent non précisées. L'infection du site opératoire contribue largement aux coûts économiques des techniques chirurgicales, avec une moyenne estimée entre 1·47 et 19·1 milliards d'Euros. Cette anjalyse suggère que les taux reels des infections des sites opératoires a été souvent sous-estimée. En consequence, les charges économiques associées le sont aussi. Une amelioration significative dans le protocole d'étude, la recollection des données,leur analyse et leur diffusion sera nécessaire pour permettre que les taux de base d'infections des sites opératoires soient plus précisément évalués afin d'en tirer des consequences sur l'évaluation économique. Chirurgische Wundinfektionen- eine europäische Perspektive bezüglich Inzidienz und ökonomischer Last Diese retrospektive Übersicht bisher publizier chirurgischer Wundinfektionsraten in Europa hatte zum Ziel, eine Einschätzung der Probleme sowie der damit verbundenen ökonomischen Belastung zu evaluieren. Primäre Literaturrecherchen offenbarten unvollständige Datensätze wenn die formulierten Kriterien zur Überwachung nationaler nosokomialer Infektionen angewandt werden. Nach einer erweiterten Literaturrecherche wurden daraufhin die Studien ausgewählt, deren berücksichtigte Parameter den Kriterien zur Ermittlung chirurgischen Infektionsraten am kritischsten entsprachen. 48 Studien wurden analysiert. Keine der ausgewählten Studien berücksichtigte alle Faktoren, die für einen exakten Einschätzung der chirurgischen Wundinfektionsrate notwendig gewesen wäre. Das geschätzte Ausmaß innerhalb der analysierten Studien variierte zwischen 1·5-20%, eine Konsequenz aus Unbeständigkeiten in der Methodik zur Datenerfassung, die einerseits auf den Überwachungskriterien als auch auf den oft unspezifischen Variationen in den angewandten chirurgischen Verfahren beruhte. Dabei trägt die chirurgische Wundinfektionsrate einen wesentlich Anteil an den ökonomischen Kosten chirurgischer Maßnahmen - geschätzte 1,47 bis 19,1 Billionen Euro. Die Analysen lassen vermuten, dass die tatsächliche Rate an Chirurgischen Wundinfektionen unbekannt ist und die angegebenen Daten unterrepräsentiert sind. Konsequenterweise werden auch die ökonomischen Kosten unterschätzt. Eine signifikante Verbesserung des Studiendesigns, der Datensammlungen, Analysen und Berichte sind notwendig damit in Zukunft genauere Infektionsraten chirurgischer Wunden sichergestellt und effektivere Kostenanalysen erstellt werden können. Qualità della vita in relazione allo stato di salute in pazienti con linfedema. Una revisione della letteratura. Questo lavoro revisiona gli studi qualitativi e quantitativi che hanno valutato la qualità della vita (HRQoL) in pazienti con linfedema. Gli studi qualitativi rivelano un numero di fattori che possono influire sulla qualità della vita. Questi includono una carenza di riconoscimento del linfedema da parte del personale medico ed una scarsa informazione fornita ai pazienti. La risposta emotiva include uno stato di shock, paura, fastidio, frustrazione ed immagine negativa. Il trattamento può essere costoso in termini di tempo e distruzione della vita di relazione. Gli studi quantitativi mostrano che i pazienti con linfedema manifestano elevati livelli di disturbi funzionali, ridotto controllo psicologico, ansietà e depressione rispetto alla popolazione generale. Il volume accentuato dell'arto risulta in minima parte influire sull'impatto del linfedema del paziente. I fattori che portano ad un deficit nella qualità della vita includono la frequenza degli episodi di stato infiammatorio, la presenza di dolore, la qualità della cute, il linfedema nella mano predominante e la ridotta mobilità dell'arto. Esiste una certa evidenza che l'adozione di linee guida concentrate sul paziente possono migliorare la qualità della vita dei pazienti con linfedema conseguante a tumore del seno. HRQoL è un fattore importante nella gestione dei pazienti con linfedema. Ulteriori studi devono esaminare il modo in cui il linfedema interagisce con i pazienti al di fuori di quelli affetti da tumore al seno, e le conseguenze verso i pazienti che subiscono differenti protocolli di terapia. Infección en zonas quirúrgicas: Perspectiva europea de incidencia y carga económica El objetivo de esta revisión retrospectiva de las tasas de infección en zonas quirúrgicas, comunicadas en Europa, era obtener una escala estimativa del problema y su subsiguiente carga económica. Las búsquedas bibliográficas preliminares revelaron series de datos incompletos al aplicar los criterios del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Infecciones Nosocomiales. Tras un ampliación de la búsqueda bibliográfica se seleccionaron estudios, de acuerdo al número de parámetros descritos de aquellos identificados como críticos, para la determinación exacta de tasas de infección en zonas quirúrgicas. Se analizaron 48 estudios. Ninguno de los estudios revisados registraba todos los datos necesarios para permitir una evaluación comparativa de las tasas de infecciones en zonas quirúrgicas. El margen estimado a partir de los estudios seleccionados analizados varió ampliamente, del 1,5 al 20%, a consecuencia de discordancias en los métodos de recogida de datos, los criterios de vigilancia y las amplias variaciones de las intervenciones quirúrgicas investigadas, a menudo no especificadas. Las infecciones en zonas quirúrgicas contribuyen en gran medida a los costes económicos de las intervenciones quirúrgicas; el margen estimado es de 1,47 a 19,1 mil millones ,. El análisis permite suponer que, probablemente, la tasa real de infecciones en zonas quirúrgicas, actualmente desconocida, haya sido infraestimada previamente. En consecuencia, también es probable que dicha infraestimación haya afectado la carga económica asociada. Una mejora significativa del diseño de los estudios, de la recogida de datos, los análisis y los informes será necesaria para garantizar que las tasas basales de infección en zonas quirúrgicas se valoren con más exactitud para permitir la evaluación coste-efectividad en el futuro. [source] Community psychology: should there be a European perspective?JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2001Donata Francescato In this era of globalisation community psychologists have to examine how globalisation patterns interact with local cultural norms, to find tools to promote a sense of community that fits a particular context. We cannot therefore acritically adopt for many European contexts, community psychology concepts and intervention strategies geared to USA values. The paper argues for the need to develop a European perspective in Community Psychology, built more on the European tradition of political concern for promoting social capital, besides an individual's freedom and autonomy. The paper attempts to identity some of the main differences that have emerged in the last decades between USA and European approaches to community psychology. It also describes two empowering tools, which integrate traditional and post modern views of science: community profiling and multidimensional organisational analysis, that have been used by European community psychologists to rebuild social capital in organisations and local communities. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The consolidation wave in U.S. food retailing: A European perspectiveAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001Neil Wrigley This article assesses, from the perspective of a European academic, the intense wave of acquisition and merger driven consolidation that swept through the U.S. food retail industry during the late 1990s. It reviews the characteristics and causes of that consolidation wave, placing emphasis on the regulatory history of the industry, the consequences of its financial reengineering during the 1980s, and the link between Wal-Mart's entry into the industry and the consolidation wave. The article then assesses the extent to which a shift in regulatory policy and practice by the Federal Trade Commission at the very end of the decade may have altered the pattern and scale of consolidation in the industry. Finally, it considers the future landscape of U.S. food retail consolidation, debating the consequences for the consolidation process of the period of FTC regulatory tightening during 1999/2000 and the likely implications of a Bush administration appointee heading the FTC [EconLit Classifications: L810, L190, G340, L400]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Silent disaster: A European perspective on threat perception from Chernobyl far field falloutJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 6 2002Arnfinn Tønnessen Abstract Surveys investigated the perceived threat of radioactive fallout and public coping following a "silent disaster" (Chernobyl) across Europe. Survey data from national representative samples in 12 European countries are compiled, 6 months and 2 years after the accident, across 12 countries. Exposure to information about the accident, and perception of the consequences of Chernobyl as a health threat, were significantly related to the level of fallout in each country. Another significant relationship was found between the level of fallout in these 12 countries and the proportion of respondents who reported having taken countermeasures. Information challenges for the authorities are highlighted. [source] Brain competition policy as a new paradigm of regional policy: A European perspectivePAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2010Christian Reiner Brain competition policy; human capital; innovation; Europe Abstract The emerging knowledge economy has led to an increase of demand and locational competition for highly-skilled labour. Brain competition policy (BCP) is the reaction from national and regional policymakers. In short, BCP refers to the attraction, education and circulation of talent in and between regional and national economies. This new focus on human capital instead of physical capital indicates a paradigmatic shift in innovation policy and regional policy. While most of the contributions to this new policy approach come from the US, it can be demonstrated that different institutions in Europe prevent the simple copying of those strategies. The article contributes to the ongoing paradigmatic shift by conceptualizing a coherent framework for BCP from a European perspective. Abstract La emergente economía del conocimiento ha llevado a un aumento de la demanda y competencia en localización de mano de obra altamente especializada. Las políticas de competencia por talento (PCT) son la reacción nacional y regional de formuladores de políticas. En resumen, PCT se refiere a la atracción, educación y circulación de talento dentro de, y entre, economías regionales y nacionales. Este nuevo enfoque en cuanto a capital humano en lugar de capital físico indica un cambio paradigmático en políticas innovadoras y políticas regionales. Aunque la mayoría de aportes a este nuevo enfoque de políticas proviene de los EE.UU., se puede demostrar que las diferentes instituciones europeas impiden el copiar simplemente dichas estrategias. El artículo contribuye al cambio paradigmático continuo mediante la conceptualización de un marco coherente para PCT desde una perspectiva europea. [source] Status of green biorefining in EuropeBIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS AND BIOREFINING, Issue 3 2010Michael G Mandl Abstract This perspective reflects the developments in the field of green biorefining in the last decade from an overall European perspective. It discusses selected main national grass biorefinery activities and pilot facilities available in different European countries. An estimate of surplus grassland and potential impact on European economy is presented. A focus for future R&D work in that field is recommended. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [source] Approach to seizures in the neonatal period: a European perspectiveACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2010M Vento Abstract In the neonatal period, seizures rank among the most common neurological symptoms, often indicating an underlying serious neurological condition. It is remarkable that although new tools have been incorporated into the diagnosis of neonatal seizures, there is no consensus about the therapeutic approach among different doctors and institutions. Hence, although phenobarbital is still considered the initial drug of choice, the protocols reported in the literature show a great variability in the approach to treatment of refractory seizures. We used a questionnaire to gain information regarding the treatment of seizures in the neonatal period in different European institutions. Conclusion:, We conclude that phenobarbital is still the initial drug of choice followed by benzodiazepines, except in preterm infants with a birth weight below 1800 g. In refractory seizures, the use of continuous lidocaine infusion is most common. Of note, clinical studies with newer drugs have been mostly performed in the United States but not in Europe. [source] European perspectives: a carer's viewACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2001Ursula Brand Objective:,To present the work of the European Federation of Associations of Families of Mentally Ill People (EUFAMI) and discuss issues of concern to family carers. Method:,The problem areas identified and discussed by family carers are presented on the basis of questionnaire surveys organized by EUFAMI. Addresses of national organisations of family carers are included. Results:,A range of problem areas are identified; they include subsistence and welfare payments for the severely mentally ill, some shortage of general hospital units, problems of care co-ordination, issues of respect for family carers and family involvement. Conclusion:,The aim of best practice in mental health care throughout Europe has not yet been reached. Key activities of EUFAMI are aimed at empowerment of families and best practice in psychiatry in Europe. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||