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Ethyl
Terms modified by Ethyl Selected AbstractsOdour-active compounds of Jinhua hamFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2008Huanlu Song Abstract Using DHS, SAFE, GC,O and GC,MS, the odour-active compounds of Jinhua ham were identified and ranked according their odour potencies. For DHS, the ham powder was purged with a nitrogen stream at a flow rate of 50 ml/min for 25 min, 5 min and 1 min, respectively. The effluent of sample headspace was trapped by a Tenax tube, which was placed onto the vessel for GC,O. The most important odorants (FD factor = 125) in Jinhua ham headspace were ethyl 2-methylbutanoate/ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, hexanal, 1-hexen-3-one, 1-octen-3-one, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-methoxyphenol, followed by the following odorants (FD factor = 25): 3-methyl butanal, dimethyl trisulphide, 1-nonen-3-one, butanoic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methyl(3-methyldithio)furan, , -nonalctone and 4-methylphenol (p -cresol). For SAFE, the ham powder was extracted with diethyl ether, distilled by SAFE and then separated into neutral/basic and acidic fractions. Both fractions were subjected to AEDA. The relatively high-odour impact compounds (Log3FD Factor ,5) of the N/B fraction of SAFE extract of Jinhua ham were 1-octen-one, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, methional, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-decenal, p -cresol (4-methylphenol); 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, decanal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E,E)-decadienal. The important odorants of the Ac fraction of SAFE extract of Jinhua ham were butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, hexanoic acid, phenylacetic acid and an unknown. It was shown that the aroma of Jinhua ham consisted of a variety of compounds having different odour properties; a single compound could not characterize the aroma of Jinhua ham. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of YM128, a GPIIb/IIIa antagonist prodrugDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002Ken-ichi Suzuki Abstract We examined the biochemical properties of YM-57029 ({4-[4-(4-Carbamimidoylphenyl)-3-oxopiperazin-1-yl]piperidino}acetic acid monohydrochloride trihydrate) and the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of its prodrug, YM128 (Ethyl (Z)-(4-{4-[4-(N2 -hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenyl]-3-oxopiperazin-1-yl}piperidino)acetate), an orally-active glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) antagonist. YM-57029 strongly inhibited aggregation of human platelets induced by various agonists, with IC50 values ranging from 3.6 to 51 nM. YM-57029 specifically inhibited fibrinogen binding to purified GPIIb/IIIa about 1,000-fold more potently than Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS). Moreover, YM-57029 effectively inhibited an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide binding to platelets, suggesting that YM-57029 competed with the RGD sequence of ligand. YM-57029 or YM128 dose-dependently inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation after iv bolus injection or oral administration to beagle dogs and cynomolgus monkeys. However, YM128 exerted more potent and prolonged inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation than YM-57029 after oral administration to cynomolgus monkeys. Furthermore, YM-57029 prolonged template bleeding time at a dose that inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation during cumulative iv infusion to cynomolgus monkeys. Metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies showed that YM128 effectively converted into YM-57029 in liver microsomes from humans as well as dogs and monkeys, and that bioavailabilities of YM128 in dogs and monkeys were 32.3 and 22.2%, respectively. These results suggest that YM128, a prodrug of YM-57029, may be a valuable GPIIb/IIIa antagonist with good bioavailability in humans. Drug Dev. Res. 55:149,161, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A New, Mild, General and Efficient Route to Aryl Ethyl Carbonates in Solvent-Free Conditions Promoted by Magnesium PerchlorateEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 19 2006Giuseppe Bartoli Abstract A new, general and mild method for the direct synthesis of aryl and alkyl ethyl carbonates promoted by a Lewis acid is reported. The reaction proceeds smoothly with diethyl dicarbonate in the presence of Mg(ClO4)2, a specific activator of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and shows general applicability. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) [source] Heterocyclic synthesis with ethyl ,-(3-carbamoyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-ylhydrazono)acetates: An expeditious synthetic approach to polyfunctionally substituted pyran, pyridine, and pyridazine derivativesHETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2004Rafat M. Mohareb Ethyl ,-(3-carbamoyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-ylhydrazono)acetates 1 were prepared and established as previously described by our research group. Their reactivity toward a variety of active methylene reagents was studied to give pyran, pyridine, and pyridazine derivatives. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:300,306, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20019 [source] Chlorinated Ethyl and Isopropyl Phosphoric Acid Triesters in the Indoor Environment , An Inter-Laboratory Exposure StudyINDOOR AIR, Issue 3 2001G. INGEROWSKI [source] Homogeneous, unimolecular gas-phase elimination kinetics of ethyl esters of glyoxylic, 2-oxo-propanoic, and 3-methyl-2-oxo-butanoic acidsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS, Issue 5 2007Andreina Reyes The rates of elimination of several ethyl esters of 2-oxo-carboxylic acid were determined in a seasoned static reaction vessel over the temperature range 350,430°C and pressure range 33,240 Torr. The reactions, in the presence of a free-radical inhibitor, are homogeneous, unimolecular, and follow a first-order rate law. The overall and partial rate coefficients are expressed by the Arrhenius equation. Ethyl glyoxalate Ethyl 2-oxo-propionate Ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxo-butyrate The mechanisms of these elimination reactions are described in terms of concerted cyclic transition state structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 268,275, 2007 [source] Polymerization of linseed oil with phenolic resinsJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 2 2010Gökhan Çayl Abstract In this study, linseed oil was directly polymerized with different oil soluble resoles. p- Ethyl (PEP), p-tertiary butyl (PTB), p-tertiary octyl (PTO), and p- phenyl (PPP) phenols were separately reacted with formaldehyde to give linseed oil soluble resoles. These were then reacted with linseed oil to give transparent rubbery polymers. A model reaction was performed with methyl oleate and PTB phenol resole to clarify the reaction mechanism. Reaction products were characterized with 1H-NMR and IR techniques. Spectral examination of the model reaction showed that polymerization reaction proceeded via ene reaction of the quinone methide formed at the end group of the resole with the allylic positions of the fatty ester. Rubbery polymers were obtained with linseed oil using 10 to 40% of the different resoles. Hard, load bearing and tough materials were obtained at 40% phenolic resin loading. Mechanical properties of the materials were characterized by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and stress,strain tests. The best mechanical and thermal properties were obtained with PEP resole which showed a storage modulus of 350 MPa and a tan , peak at 65°C. Storage moduli of 275, 250, and 30 were obtained for PPP, PTB, and PTO resoles-linseed oil polymers, respectively. At the same phenolic resin loading, elongation at break and swelling ratios in CH2Cl2 increased with the longer alkyl substitution on the resole resins. The highest thermal stability was observed by PEP resole,linseed oil polymer which has a 5% weight loss temperature of 340°C as determined by TGA. The lowest thermal stability was observed for PTB resole-linseed oil polymer at 220°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source] Quinolone analogues 10: Synthesis of antimalarial quinolones having pyridyl moiety in N1-side chainJOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2010Yoshihisa Kurasawa Novel 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates 6,7 and 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acids 8,11 were synthesized from 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylates. Ethyl 1-[1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(4-pyridyl)vinyl]-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate 7a was found to show antimalarial activity from the screening data. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010). [source] Ethyl {4-[2-(saccharin-2-yl)acetylsulfamoyl]phenylazo}cyanoacetate in the synthesis of polyfunctionally heteroaromatic derivativesJOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2009A. A. Aly An efficient and direct one-pot reaction of ethyl saccharinylcyanoacetate derivative 3 with a variety of active methylene reagents and nitrogen nucleophiles afforded novel series of polyfunctionally substituted heteroaromatic derivatives 5,13, respectively. The pyrazole derivative 13 was seemed to be the excellent precursors for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives 14,24. The antimicrobial screening of some synthesized products was evaluated against some selected bacteria and fungi. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were established by elemental and spectral data. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009). [source] Fused quinoline heterocycles VI: Synthesis of 5H -1-thia-3,5,6-triazaaceanthrylenes and 5H -1-thia-3,4,5,6-tetraazaaceanthrylenesJOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2005Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer Ethyl 3-amino-4-chlorothieno[3,2-c]quinoline-2-carboxylate (4) is a versatile synthon, prepared by reacting an equimolar amount of 2,4-dichloroquinoline-3-carbonitrile (1) with ethyl mercaptoacetate (2). Ethyl 5-alkyl-5H -1-thia-3,5,6-triazaaceanfhrylene-2-carboxylates 9a-c, novel perianellated tetracyclic heteroaro-matics, were prepared by refluxing 4 with excess of primary amines 7a-c to yield the corresponding amino-thieno[3,2-c]quinolines 8a-c. Subsequent reaction with an excess of triethyl orthoformate (TEO) furnished 9a-c. Reaction of 4 with TEO in Ac2O at reflux, gave the simple acetylated compounds, thieno[3,2- c]-quinolines 12 and 13. Refluxing 4 with benzylamine (7d) gave 10, and subsequent treatment with TEO gave the tetracyclic compound 11. Refluxing 13 with an excess of alkylamines 7a-d gave the fhieno[3,2- c]quino-lines 15. Refluxing the aminothienoquinolines 8b with an excess of triethyl orthoacetate gave thieno[3,2- c]quinoline 17, while heating with Ac2O gave 18 and 19, with small amounts of 16. Reaction of 8a,b with ethyl chloroformate and phenylisothiocyanate generated the new 1-thia-3,5,6-triazaaceanthrylenes 20a,b and 21a,b, respectively. Diazotization of 8a-c afforded the novel tetracyclic ethyl 5-alkyl-5H -1-fhia-3,4,5,6-tetraazaaceanthrylene-2-carboxylates 22a-c in good yields. [source] A new synthetic entry to 3-carboxamido-4-carboxylic acid derivatives of isoxazole and pyrazoleJOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2000Chiara B. Vicentini Ethyl 2-amino-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-oxo-2-pentenoate (3) reacts with hydroxylamine or hydrazines to give isoxazole and pyrazole ortho-dicarboxylic acid esters 4 and 5, respectively. Partial hydrolysis of diesters 4 and 5 afforded the corresponding dicarboxylic acid monoesters 6 and 7. Amidation of the intermediate acid chlorides 8,9 followed by hydrolysis of 4-methylesters 10, 11 gave the title compounds 1 and 2, respectively. [source] The synthesis of [3,4,1,- 13C3]genisteinJOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, Issue 14 2007Mark F. Oldfield Abstract A facile synthesis is described for [3,4,1,- 13C3]genistein for use as an internal standard in isoflavone analysis by mass spectrometric methods. Ethyl 4-hydroxy[1- 13C]benzoate was first prepared from the reaction of diethyl [2- 13C]malonate and 4H -pyran-4-one. Two further 13C atoms were incorporated using potassium [13C]cyanide as the source to give 4,-benzyloxy-[1,2,1,- 13C3]phenylacetonitrile. [3,4,1,- 13C3]Genistein was then constructed through coupling of the isotopically labelled phenylacetonitrile with phloroglucinol under Hoesch conditions, followed by formylation and cyclization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] N -Oxyl-Controlled Radical Copolymerization of Styrene with Ethyl , -CyanocinnamateMACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 11 2004Andreas Bartsch Abstract Summary: The block copolymers of styrene and ethyl , -cyanocinnamate were prepared in dioxane and xylene with TEMPO-capped polystyrene (PSTEMPO) as macroinitiator. The copolymerizations were carried out at 125,°C and 135,°C. The reactivity ratios were determined according to Kelen Tüdos and compared with the reactivity ratios from the radical copolymerization of styrene and ethyl , -cyanocinnamate determined by Kohn et al. The influence of the comonomer ethyl , -cyanocinnamate on the glass transition temperature was studied in comparison with the corresponding homopolystyrene. Plots of conversion versus molecular weight distributions of the polymerizations with styrene at 125,°C. [source] Design of Living Ring-Opening Alkyne Metathesis,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 40 2010Dr. Felix R. Fischer Es lebt: Ein gespanntes cyclisches Alkin mit Dibenzo[a,e][8]annulen-Struktur geht eine Ringöffnungsmetathesepolymerisation (ROMP) zur Bildung eines hochmolekularen Poly(ortho -phenylens) mit alternierenden Ethyl- und Ethinylbrücken entlang dem Polymerrückgrat ein. Der Molybdänalkylidin-Katalysator wurde gezielt darauf abgestimmt, zwischen gespannten und ungespannten Alkinen unterscheiden zu können, und es resultiert ein lebendes Polymer mit beispiellos niedriger Polydispersität. [source] Ethyl[tris(3- tert -butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)hydridoborato]zinc(II)ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 8 2010Mukesh Kumar The X-ray crystal structure of the title compound, [Zn(C2H5)(C24H40BN6)], or TptBu,MeZnEt [TptBu,Me is tris(3- tert -butyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)hydridoborate], reveals a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the Zn atom. The Zn center is coordinated by three N atoms of the borate ligand and by one C atom of the ethyl group. The present structure and other tetrahedral Tp zinc alkyl complexes are compared with similar Ttz ligands (Ttz is 1,2,4-triazolylborate), but no major differences in the structures are noted, and it can be assumed that variation of the substitution pattern of Tp or Ttz ligands has little or no influence on the geometry of alkylzinc complexes. Refinement of the structure is complicated by a combination of metric pseudosymmetry and twinning. The metrics of the structure could also be represented in a double-volume C -centered orthorhombic unit cell, and the structure is twinned by one of the orthorhombic symmetry operators not present in the actual structure. The twinning lies on the borderline between pseudomerohedral and nonmerohedral. The data were refined as being nonmerohedrally twinned, pseudomerohedrally twinned and untwinned. None of the approaches yielded results that were unambiguously better than any of the others: the best fit between structural model and data was observed using the nonmerohedral approach which also yielded the best structure quality indicators, but the data set is less than 80% complete due to rejected data. The pseudomerohedral and the untwinned structures are complete, but relatively large residual electron densities that are not close to the metal center are found with values up to three times higher than in the nonmerohedral approach. [source] Ethyl 3-[1-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorin-2-yl)propan-2-ylidene]carbazate: a combined X-ray and density functional theory (DFT) studyACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 7 2010Youssef Arfaoui In the title compound, C11H21N2O5P, one of the two carbazate N atoms is involved in the C=N double bond and the H atom of the second N atom is engaged in an intramolecular hydrogen bond with an O atom from the dimethylphosphorin-2-yl group, which is in an uncommon cis position with respect to the carbamate group. The cohesion of the crystal structure is also reinforced by weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++g(2d,2p) level revealed the lowest energy structure to have a Z configuration at the C=N bond, which is consistent with the configuration found in the X-ray crystal structure, as well as a less stable E counterpart which lies 2.0,kcal,mol,1 higher in potential energy. Correlations between the experimental and computational studies are discussed. [source] Three quinolone compounds featuring O...I halogen bondingACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 10 2009Jurica Bauer Ethyl 1-ethyl-6-iodo-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C14H14INO3, (I), and ethyl 1-cyclopropyl-6-iodo-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C15H14INO3, (II), have isomorphous crystal structures, while ethyl 1-dimethylamino-6-iodo-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C14H15IN2O3, (III), possesses a different solid-state supramolecular architecture. In all three structures, O...I halogen-bonding interactions connect the quinolone molecules into infinite chains parallel to the unique crystallographic b axis. In (I) and (II), these molecular chains are arranged in (101) layers, via,,, stacking and C,H..., interactions, and these layers are then interlinked by C,H...O interactions. The structural fragments involved in the C,H...O interactions differ between (I) and (II), accounting for the observed difference in planarity of the quinolone moieties in the two isomorphous structures. In (III), C,H...O and C,H..., interactions form (100),molecular layers, which are crosslinked by O...I and C,H...I interactions. [source] rac -(Z)-Ethyl 2-bromo-2-[(3R,5R)-3-bromo-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-ylidene]acetateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 11 2006François Loiseau In the title compound, C9H12Br2O3, a (tetrahydrofuran-2-ylidene)acetate, the double bond has the Z form. In the tetrahydrofuran group, the relative configuration of the Br atom in the 3-position and the methyl group in the 5-position is anti. The compound crystallizes with two independent molecules per asymmetric unit and, in the crystal structure, the individual molecules are linked to their symmetry-equivalent molecules by C,H,O hydrogen bonds, so forming centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers. [source] Ethyl 2-amino-4- tert -butyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate and 6-methylimidazo[2,1- b]thiazole,2-amino-1,3-thiazole (1/1)ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 8 2004Daniel E. Lynch The structure of ethyl 2-amino-4- tert -butyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate, C10H16N2O2S, (I), and the structure of the 1:1 adduct 6-methylimidazo[2,1- b]thiazole,2-amino-1,3-thiazole (1/1), C6H6N2S·C3H4N2S, (II), have been determined. The molecules in (I) associate via a hydrogen-bonded R(8) dimer consisting of N,H,N interactions, with the hydrogen-bonding array additionally involving N,H,O interactions to one of the carboxylate O atoms. The 2-aminothiazole molecules in (II) also associate via an N,H,N hydrogen-bonded R(8) dimer, with an additional N,H,N interaction to the Nsp2 atom of the imidazothiazole moiety, creating hydrogen-bonded quartets. [source] Ethyl 6-acetylamino-6,7-dihydro-5H -dibenzo[a,c]cycloheptene-6-carboxylateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 5 2002Lakshminarasimhan Damodharan The title compound, C20H21NO3, is a derivative of Aib (,-aminoisobutyric acid) and is cyclized at the C, position by biphenyl rings. The seven-membered ring possesses C2 symmetry. The C, cyclization causes the backbone to assume a helical conformation in the crystal structure. The packing of the molecules is stabilized by intermolecular C,H,O, C,H,, and N,H,O hydrogen bonds. [source] Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Activities of Some Novel 2-Substituted-6-bromo-3-methylthiazolo[3,2- a]benzimidazole DerivativesARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE, Issue 4 2009Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz Abstract Ethyl 6-bromo-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolo[3,2- a]benzimidazole-2-carboxylate 2 was prepared by the ambient temperature bromination of ethyl 3-methyl-1,3-thiazolo[3,2- a]benzimidazole-2-carboxylate 1. The acid hydrazide 4 was obtained by the reaction of ester 2 with hydrazine hydrate. Treatment of compound 4 with benzaldehyde or 2-thiophenaldehyde yielded the corresponding hydrazones 6a and 6b, respectively, while the reaction of acid hydrazide 4 with ethoxymethylene malononitrile (7a) or with ethyl ethoxymethylene cyanoacetate (7b) in refluxing ethanol afforded pyrazole derivatives 9a and 9b, respectively. Taken together, from the biological investigations compounds 9a and 9b were the most significant inhibitors of LPS-stimulated NO generation from Raw murine macrophage 264.7, and, as another result, compounds 2 and 4 had a weak radical scavenging activity against DPPH radicals. Moreover, 2, 4, and 9a had a concomitant strong cytotoxicity against both colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep-G2) while 9b showed specific cytotoxicity only against colon carcinoma cells. [source] Design of the pH Profile for Asymmetric Bioreduction of Ethyl 4-Chloro-3-oxobutyrate on the Basis of a Data-Driven MethodBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 6 2002Junghui Chen The goal of this paper was to design the optimal time-varying operating pH profile in the asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutyrate by baker's yeast. Ethyl ( S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate was produced to reach two important quality indices: reaction yield and product optical purity. The method integrated an orthogonal function approximation and an orthogonal array. The technique used a set of orthonormal functions as the basis for representing the possible profile. The optimal profile could be obtained if the orthogonal coefficients were properly adjusted. The orthogonal array was used to design and analyze the effect of each orthogonal coefficient in order to reach the optimal objective (quality) function. The performance based on the proposed strategy was significantly improved by over 10% compared with the traditional fixed pH or uncontrolled pH values during the reaction. The proposed method can be applied to the required dynamic profile in the bioreactor process to effectively improve the product quality, given good design directions and the advantage of the traditional statistical approach. [source] Uterine Adenocarcinoma in N -Ethyl- N -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine-treated Rats with High-dose Exposure to p-tert-Octylphenol during AdulthoodCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 2 2002Shin-ichi Katsuda Since many risk factors are associated with the development of uterine adenocarcinomas in humans, the etiology is unclear in most cases, although it has been pointed out that estrogen may play essential roles. To clarify the effects of exposure to p-tert-octylphenol (OP), an environmental xenoestrogen, on uterine carcinogenesis, adult Donryu rats were initiated with a single intrauterine treatment of N -ethyl- N -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) at 11 weeks of age and exposed thereafter to 100 mg/kg OP by s.c. injection until 15 months of age. Adult ovariectomized (OVX) rats were also treated in a similar way. OP had no effect on occurrence of persistent estrus in middle age, although uterotrophic effects were obvious in OVX rats. At the termination, development of uterine adenocarcinomas was significantly increased in animals exposed to OP during adulthood. No tumors, but a few focal hyperplasias, developed in OVX rats. These findings suggest that OP has tumor-promoting effects on ENNG-treated endometrium of rats, possibly due to direct action on the uterus, as indicated by the uterotrophic effect when a high dose of OP was given. The results provide clues to the mechanisms of influence of hormonal disrupters on uterine carcinogenesis. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Diels,Alder Reactions of Ethyl ,-Bromoacrylate with Open-Chain Dienes , Synthesis of Ethyl 1,3-/1,4-Cyclohexadienecarboxylates.CHEMINFORM, Issue 36 2010Yingjie Li Abstract The title reaction proceeds with high regio- and diastereoselectivity. [source] ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Ethyl 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate.CHEMINFORM, Issue 23 2010Jung-Hsuan Chen Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of ,-Amino Alcohols via the Reduction of Lactamides Derived from Ethyl (2S)-Lactate with Borane,Methyl Sulfide.CHEMINFORM, Issue 50 2009Frank W. Lewis Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Triflic Imide Catalyzed Cascade Cycloaddition and Friedel,Crafts Reaction of Diarylvinylidenecyclopropanes with Ethyl 5,5-Diarylpenta-2,3,4-trienoate.CHEMINFORM, Issue 37 2009Wei Li Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] DBU-Catalyzed Condensation of Acyldiazomethanes to Aldehydes in Water and a New Approach to Ethyl ,-Hydroxy ,-Arylacrylates.CHEMINFORM, Issue 21 2007Fengping Xiao Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] An Efficient and Eco-Friendly Procedure for the Synthesis of Hantzsch Ethyl 1,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates under Mild and Green Conditions.CHEMINFORM, Issue 39 2006Mohammad Ali Zolfigol Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Anticancer Activity of Novel Derivatives of Ethyl 1-(4-Oxo-8-aryl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c] [1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)formate.CHEMINFORM, Issue 38 2006Krzysztof Sztanke Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||