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Aging Period (aging + period)
Selected AbstractsLanguage and communication development in down syndromeDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 1 2007Joanne E. Roberts Abstract Although there is considerable variability, most individuals with Down syndrome have mental retardation and speech and language deficits, particularly in language production and syntax and poor speech intelligibility. This article describes research findings in the language and communication development of individuals with Down syndrome, first briefly describing the physical and cognitive phenotype of Down syndrome, and two communication related domains,hearing and oral motor skills. Next, we describe language development in Down syndrome, focusing on communication behaviors in the prelinguistic period, then the development of language in children and adolescents, and finally language development in adults and the aging period. We describe language development in individuals with Down syndrome across four domains: phonology, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. Wethen suggest strategies for intervention and directions for research relating to individuals with Down syndrome. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:26,35. [source] Partition Behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Between Aged Coal Tar and Water,ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 8 2009Lihua Liu Abstract Coal tar aged in a large-scale, artificial aquifer experiment for five years was subsequently investigated for leaching behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After five years, the initially liquid coal tar had solidified and formed segregated particles with a grain size similar to that of the sandy aquifer material. The composition of the aged coal tar (ACT) with regard to PAHs was remarkably different from that of the original bulk coal tar (BCT), because most of the low-molecular-weight compounds had been depleted. Equilibrium aqueous-phase concentrations of 17 PAHs leaching from the aquifer material containing the ACT were measured from consecutive equilibration steps at increasing temperatures of between 25 and 100C using accelerated solvent extraction. The results showed 2-to 5,000-fold lower concentrations than those from BCT, indicating dramatic changes of dissolution behavior of PAHs from coal tar after the five-year aging period. Predictions based on Raoult's law with the subcooled liquid solubilities substantially overestimated the equilibrium aqueous-phase concentrations of the PAHs from ACT, whereas the estimations were reasonable if the solid solubilities were employed instead. The enthalpies of phase transfer from ACT to water were determined based on the van't Hoff equation. The resulting values agreed with the dissolution enthalpies of pure solid rather than subcooled liquid PAHs. [source] Changes in Tenderness, Color, and Water Holding Capacity of Broiler Breast Meat during Postdeboning AgingJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 8 2009Y.S. Lee ABSTRACT:, The impact of postharvest aging on the tenderness, color, water holding capacity, and appearance of broiler breast fillets after deboning was investigated. A total of 360 broilers were processed and deboned at either 1.5-, 3-, or 6-h postmortem (PM) and aged at 4 ± 1 °C for up to 6 d. Tenderness was predicted by the Meullenet,Owens razor shear. Drip loss, cook loss, color, and muscle-shape profiles were also evaluated during the 6-d aging duration. Deboned fillets were in the tenderness range corresponding to "neither tough nor tender" for the first 2 d of aging and changed into "slightly tender" after 3 d of aging according to the instrument-tenderness perception equivalent scale. Tenderization due to postdeboning aging seemed to be more pronounced for fillets deboned in a prerigor state (that is, 1.5- and 3-h PM). Over the aging period, tenderness improved by 6.9 and 7.4 percentage points for the 1.5- and 3-h PM treatments, respectively, while those fillets deboned in a postrigor state (6-h PM) exhibited no significant difference in tenderness. Drip and cook loss of fillets consistently increased over the aging period. The color of fillets tended to become less red and more yellow during aging although there was no significant difference in,L*. Overall, the tenderizing effects of deboned broiler breast fillets during the storage of 6 d were minimal but seemed to be affected by fillet height and length as determined through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and K-means clustering analysis. Thicker and tougher fillets were more susceptible to the tenderizing effects during postdeboning aging. [source] Characterization of reversible permeability in advanced USC steel during thermal agingPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010Chung Seok Kim Abstract The effects of microstructure on reversible permeability (µrev) are discussed for thermally aged ultra-supercritical (USC) steel, which is required for the next generation of power plants. Thermal aging was observed to coarsen the tempered carbide (Cr23C6), generate the Laves (Fe2W) phase and decrease the dislocation density. The peak position of the µrev decreased drastically during the initial 1000,h aging period, and was thereafter observed to decrease only slightly. The variation in peak position of µrev is closely related to the decrease in the number of pinning sites, such as dislocations, fine precipitates, and the martensite lath. [source] Migration of Plasticizer between Bonded Propellant InterfacesPROPELLANTS, EXPLOSIVES, PYROTECHNICS, Issue 1 2003Levi Gottlieb Abstract Plasticizer migration across bonded propellant interfaces during cure has been shown to have a measurable effect on propellant properties compared to each propellant by itself. This shows that the curing period is significant to the migration phenomenon. The plasticizer migration has been shown to have a direct influence on tensile strength for short aging periods up to the point the plasticizer reaches equilibrium. The tensile data for short aging periods have been shown to follow an empirical equation connecting the physical characteristics of plasticizer migration with increasing propellant tensile strength. The diffusion coefficient has been evaluated on the basis of this relation from a plot of , versus t1/2 and was in good agreement with the diffusion coefficient from the plasticizer content data. [source] | ||||||||||