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Esophageal Tumors (esophageal + tumor)
Selected AbstractsThoracoscopic enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma: a retrospective study on 40 casesDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 3 2009G. Jiang SUMMARY Esophageal leiomyoma is the most common benign esophageal tumor. Thoracoscopic enucleation is currently a preferred approach to most of these lesions. We present our experiences of enucleation of these tumors using thoracoscopic approach. A retrospective review of 40 patients who underwent enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma from 1997 to 2007 in our institute was conducted. Presenting symptoms, operative approach, tumor size, tumor shape, outcomes, and indication for this approach were analyzed. Forty patients were identified. Postoperative histopathology confirmed the leiomyoma in all patients. The thoracoscopic enucleation was completed in 34 cases, and the operation was converted to open procedure in six cases. Reasons for conversion included too small tumors to be visualized in two cases, thoracic cavity adhesion in one case, and the too large tumors in three cases. The median operating time was 70 min (50 to 210 min). Mean tumor size was 3.7 cm (0.5,10 cm). There were no major postoperative complications. Symptoms especially dysphasia were relieved postoperatively. Short- and long-term follow-up was satisfactory with none of the patients having tumor recurrences or other problems. Thoracoscopic enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma is technically safe and effective. It is currently the best choice for management of esophageal leiomyoma 1 to 5 cm in diameter. It can also be tried on a tumor larger than 5 cm, although the possibility of conversion to thoracotomy increases along with tumor growing and surrounding the esophagus. [source] True carcinosarcoma of the esophagusDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 1 2006T. Iwaya SUMMARY., Most esophageal carcinosarcomas are diagnosed as so-called carcinosarcoma, in which individual elements may be derived from a single common ancestor cell, and there have been a few reports describing true carcinosarcoma originating from two individual stem cells. We describe a case of esophageal carcinosarcoma exhibiting neoplastic osteoid formation. Immunoreactivity for vimentin and p53 was limited to only the sarcomatous component and was absent in the carcinomatous component. Furthermore, a point mutation in exon 7 of the p53 gene was observed only in the sarcomatous component. Both sarcoma and carcinoma cells distinctively metastasized to different lymph nodes. These observations led us to diagnose the esophageal tumor as a true carcinosarcoma. [source] Granular cell tumor arising metachronously in the bronchus and esophagus,APMIS, Issue 9 2006Case report We present a case of granular cell tumor (GCT) occurring in the esophagus 7 years after operation for bronchial GCT. A 59-year-old Japanese man complained of epigastralgia, and endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract disclosed a submucosal tumor in the lower esophagus. Histological examination of the endoscopic mucosal resection of the esophageal tumor showed a proliferation of neoplastic cells with an eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells was histochemically positive for PAS stain and immunohistochemically positive for S-100. This tumor did not fulfill any of the diagnostic criteria for malignancy at either the macroscopic or microscopic level. I believe that this is the first case of GCT occurring metachronously in the respiratory and digestive tracts. Clinicians and pathologists should bear in mind that GCT may arise metachronously in the respiratory and digestive tracts. [source] Changes in antioxidant defense status in response to cisplatin and 5-FU in esophageal carcinomaDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 2 2008T. Kaur SUMMARY., The ability of reactive oxygen species to induce cellular damage and to cause cell death opens the possibility of exploiting this property in the treatment of esophageal cancer through a free radical mediated mechanism. The present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the changes in the antioxidant defense status in esophageal cancer patients treated without and with neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Forty surgically resected tissue specimens from tumors, tissue adjoining the tumors and paired macroscopically normal mucosa were obtained from esophageal cancer patients treated with or without chemo-radiotherapy. An evaluation of antioxidant defense system in the normal, adjoining and tumor esophageal tissues in response to NAT revealed decreased catalase activity in tumor and adjoining tissues as compared to their respective normal tissue levels. Similarly, decreased superoxide dismutase activity was observed in tumor tissue in response to NAT. In both the treatment groups (with and without NAT), no significant change was observed in the enzyme activity of glutathione reductase in the normal, adjoining and tumor tissues. Enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity was found in tumor tissue, as compared to the adjoining and paired normal tissue of patients after NAT. Estimation of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels showed a significant decline in GSH levels in esophageal tumors after NAT. Depletion of GSH, an endogenous antioxidant, would elevate drug sensitivity and might predispose neoplastic cells to apoptosis in response to NAT. The antioxidant enzymes in the esophageal carcinoma thus may play an important role in influencing the final outcome upon NAT course. [source] Frequent decreased expression of candidate tumor suppressor gene, DEC1, and its anchorage-independent growth properties and impact on global gene expression in esophageal carcinomaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2008Alfred Chi Chung Leung Abstract Previous studies showed that expression of the novel candidate tumor suppressor gene, DEC1 (Deleted in Esophageal Cancer 1), is reduced in esophageal carcinoma and suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo in nude mice. This study shows that DEC1 gene expression was downregulated in 100% of 16 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines and 52 and 45%, respectively, of esophageal tumor specimens from Hong Kong and a high-risk ESCC region of Henan, China. Using epitope tagging, the DEC1 protein was localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cell. In 3D Matrigel culture, no significant difference in colony numbers formed was observed for DEC1 stable transfectants, as compared to vector-alone transfectant controls. However, significantly smaller colony sizes were observed for the DEC1 transfectants. In in vitro cell migration, invasion and soft agar assays of DEC1 transfectants, only the soft agar assay showed statistically significant differences in colony numbers with the vector-alone controls, indicating that DEC1 may be involved in anchorage-independent cell growth. In addition, the global gene expression affected by DEC1 in tumor-suppressive stable transfectants was investigated using cDNA oligonucleotide microarray hybridization. Three candidate genes, TFPI-2, GDF15 and DUSP6, were identified through this approach; they are downregulated in tumor segregants of DEC1 stable transfectants, ESCC cell lines and esophageal tumors and have a potential role in tumor growth and progression. These studies show that DEC1 is involved in esophageal cancer development and help elucidate its functional role in tumor development. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The incremental effect of positron emission tomography on diagnostic accuracy in the initial staging of esophageal carcinomaCANCER, Issue 1 2005Hiroyuki Kato M.D., Ph.D. Abstract BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to assess whether [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) provides incremental value (e.g., additional information on lymph node involvement or the presence of distant metastases) compared with computed tomography (CT) in patients with esophageal carcinoma. METHODS The authors examined 149 consecutive patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Eighty-one patients underwent radical esophagectomy without pretreatment, 17 received chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery, 3 underwent endoscopic mucosal resection, and the remaining 48 patients received definitive radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET and CT was evaluated at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS The primary tumor was visualized using FDG-PET in 119 (80%) of 149 patients. Regarding lymph node metastases, FDG-PET had 32% sensitivity, 99% specificity, and 93% accuracy for individual lymph node group evaluation and 55% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 72% accuracy for lymph node staging evaluation. PET exhibited incremental value over CT with regard to lymph node status in 14 of 98 patients who received surgery: 6 patients with negative CT findings were eventually shown to have lymph node metastases (i.e., they had positive PET findings and a positive reference standard [RS]); 6 patients with positive CT findings were shown not to have lymph node metastases (i.e., they had negative PET findings and a negative RS); and 2 patients were shown to have cervical lymph node metastases in addition to mediastinal or abdominal lymph node metastases. Among the remaining patients, PET showed incremental value over CT with regard to distant organ metastases in six patients. The overall incremental value of PET compared with CT with regard to staging accuracy was 14% (20 of 149 patients). CONCLUSIONS FDG-PET provided incremental value over CT in the initial staging of esophageal carcinoma. At present, combined PET-CT may be the most effective method available for the preoperative staging of esophageal tumors. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society. [source] Suppression of N -Nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced Rat Esophageal Tumorigenesis by Dietary Feeding of 1,-Acetoxychavicol AcetateCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 2 2000Kunihiro Kawabata The modifying effects of 1,-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) on N -nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced esophageal tumorigenesis were investigated in male F344 rats. At 5 weeks of age, all test animals, except those given the test chemical alone, and the control rats received s.c. injections of NMBA (0.5 mg/kg body weight/injection, three times per week) for 5 weeks. At the termination of the study (20 weeks), 75% of rats treated with NMBA alone had esophageal neoplasms (papillomas). However, the groups given a dose of 500 ppm ACA during the initiation phase developed a significantly reduced incidence of tumors (29%; P < 0.01). Exposure to ACA (500 ppm) during the post-initiation phase also decreased the frequency of the tumors (38%; P < 0.05). A reduction of the incidence of preneoplastic lesions (hyperplasia or dysplasia) was obtained when ACA was administered in the initiation phase (P < 0.01). Cell proliferation in the esophageal epithelium, determined by assay of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), was lowered by ACA (P < 0.05). Blood polyamine contents in rats given NMBA and the test compound were also smaller than those of rats given the carcinogen (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary ACA is effective in inhibiting the development of esophageal tumors by NMBA when given during the initiation or post-initiation phase, and such inhibition is related to suppression of cell proliferation in the esophageal epithelium. [source] | ||||||||||