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Error Scores (error + score)

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Medical Sciences	88%

Selected Abstracts

Color vision and macular recovery time in epileptic adolescents treated with valproate and carbamazepine

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 7 2006
A. Verrotti
Visual dysfunction has been reported in patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Some of these visual disturbances may be attributable to either the disease process, or the anticonvulsant therapy prescribed to control the seizures. The aims of our study were to evaluate whether color vision and macular function are impaired in epileptic adolescents, to study if the monotherapy with valproic acid (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) can affect color vision and macular function and to determine the possible relationship between color vision, retinal function and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) dosage and their serum concentrations. We examined 45 (16 male and 29 female, mean age ± SD, 15.71 ± 2.01 years) Caucasian epileptic patients suffering from various types of cryptogenic epilepsy before the beginning of therapy and after 1 year of VPA or CBZ monotherapy and 40 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Color vision was assessed by Farnsworth Munsell (FM) 100-hue test and total error score (TES) was evaluated. This test consists of colored caps: the testee has to arrange the caps according to their colors macular function was assessed by nyctometry evaluating initial recovery time (IRT) and summation method (SM). This test evaluates visual acuity after a period of intense illumination of macula. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the difference between controls and patients; moreover, Pearson's correlation test have been performed. Before the beginning of therapy, there were no differences in color vision and macular function between controls and epileptic patients. After 1 year, the patients, treated with VPA or CBZ, showed a deficit in FM 100-hue test. At nyctometry, all patients showed no significant variation of macular function between baseline evaluation and second evaluation at end of the follow-up. Our study demonstrates that, in our group of epileptic patients, epilepsy per se does not affect color vision and retinal function. In contrast, after 1 years of therapy with VPA and CBZ these patients showed a deficit in FM 100-hue test although nyctometry evaluation continued to be normal allowing to exclude an impairment in macular function. Further investigations are required to determine the pathophysiological alteration(s) that are at the basis of color perception defects. [source]

Age-related lens yellowing per se contributes little to the increase in Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue error scores with age

OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 1 2008
Raymond O. Beirne
Purpose:, To investigate the effects of real and simulated age-related changes in crystalline lens yellowing on Farnsworth,Munsell (FM) 100 hue total and partial error scores. Methods:, FM 100 hue total and partial error scores were measured in a group of younger (n = 10, mean age 22.2 ± 2.65 years) and a group of older (n = 10, mean age = 54.5 ± 2.64 years) normal observers along with psychophysical estimates of crystalline lens optical density and pupil size measurements. Three younger observers underwent repeated FM 100 hue testing using a variety of simulated age-related lens yellowing conditions, using filters with well-defined absorption properties which mimicked the real age-related lens yellowing changes of the older group. FM 100 hue scores were also measured under different levels of background illumination and pupil size in the 3 younger observers. Results:, FM 100 hue total and partial error scores were significantly higher in the older age group compared to the younger group (p <0.01). Lens density measures were significantly higher in the older age group compared to the young group (p<0.01), but showed less scatter with age than FM 100 hue error scores. Pupil size was significantly larger in the younger group compared to the older group (p<0.01). Simulated lens yellowing in the three younger observers, equivalent to the level of that of the older observers, did not affect any of their FM 100 hue total or partial error scores. Reductions in pupil size and illumination significantly affected the younger observers' performance, with increases in error score equivalent to the observed age-related decline between the younger and older group. Conclusions:, Lens yellowing per se makes little contribution to the increase in Farnsworth,Munsell 100 hue error score with increasing age. Retinal illumination levels and pupil size can significantly affect the error score and should be considered when interpreting FM 100 hue error scores in older subjects. Clinicians should also consider iris colour and macular pigment density when interpreting FM 100 hue error scores. [source]

Lack of prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effects in time production processing

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 11 2005
A. Gironell
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over different neuroanatomical areas [left and right doroslateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and right cerebellar hemisphere] on time production task. The study was performed in 16 healthy right-handed men with a cross-over, within subject repeated measures design. There were four rTMS conditions: baseline without stimulation, high frequency rTMS over right, left DLPFC and over right cerebellum. The volunteers were asked to produce a 3-min interval by internal counting. The rTMS was applied during the task. No significantly differences were observed in absolute error scores in time estimation task with any rTMS condition. This preliminary study does not support the role of the prefrontal lobe in time production processes. [source]

Alcohol and Cognitive Function: Assessment in Everyday Life and Laboratory Settings Using Mobile Phones

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 12 2009
Brian Tiplady
Background:, Mobile phone (cellphone) technology makes it practicable to assess cognitive function in a natural setting. We assessed this method and compared impairment of performance due to alcohol in everyday life with measurements made in the laboratory. Methods:, Thirty-eight volunteers (20 male, aged 18,54 years) took part in the everyday study, completing assessments twice a day for 14 days following requests sent by text messages to the mobile phone. Twenty-six of them (12 male, aged 19,54) took part in a subsequent two-period crossover lab study comparing alcohol with no alcohol (placebo). Results:, Everyday entries with 5 or more units of alcohol consumed in the past 6 hours (inferred mean blood alcohol concentration 95 ml/100 ml) showed higher scores for errors in tests of attention and working memory compared with entries with no alcohol consumed that day. Response times were impaired for only 1 test, sustained attention to response. The laboratory comparison of alcohol (mean blood alcohol concentration 124 mg/100 ml) with placebo showed impairment to both reaction time and error scores for all tests. A similar degree of subjective drunkenness was reported in both settings. Conclusions:, We found that mobile phones allowed practical research on cognitive performance in an everyday life setting. Alcohol impaired function in both laboratory and everyday life settings at relevant doses of alcohol. [source]

Age-related lens yellowing per se contributes little to the increase in Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue error scores with age

Effects of maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents on offspring visual functioning: A prospective controlled study

BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001
Christine Till
Background Previous studies in adults and animals with high level exposure to organic solvents suggested impairments in visual functioning. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the effects of maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents during pregnancy on offspring color vision and visual acuity, the development of which may be especially vulnerable to organic solvent exposure. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 32 offspring of women who were exposed occupationally to organic solvents during pregnancy compared with 27 nonexposed children. Monocular and binocular color vision and visual acuity were assessed using the Minimalist Test and the Cardiff Cards, respectively. Children with known hereditary color vision loss were excluded. Results Solvent-exposed children had significantly higher error scores on red-green and blue-yellow color discrimination, as well as poorer visual acuity compared with the control group. Exposure index (an estimated measure of exposure intensity) was not significantly related to color discrimination or visual acuity score. Despite excluding all children with a known family history of color vision loss, clinical red-green color vision loss was found among 3 of the 32 exposed children compared with none of the matched controls. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that occupational exposure to organic solvents during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of color vision and visual acuity impairment in offspring. The importance of routine visual function screening in risk assessment after prenatal exposure to chemicals warrants further attention. Teratology 64:134,141, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Progress of visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2002
T. Müller
Studies on progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) mainly focus on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic decline, but not on the visual system. We determined progression of (i) disturbed color vision, assessed with the Farnsworth,Munsell 100 Hue test (FMT) and (ii) intensity of PD in 18 patients. Significant differences occurred between (i) initial FMT error scores and follow-up results 3 years later (P=0.002) and analogously (ii) scored intensity of PD (P=0.002). A relation between computed differences of FMT error scores and rated activities of daily living appeared. Deterioration of color vision progresses in PD. [source]