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Epithelial Ovarian Cancers (epithelial + ovarian_cancers)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	87%

Selected Abstracts

Allelotype Analysis of Common Epithelial Ovarian Cancers with Special Reference to Comparison between Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma with Other Histological Types

CANCER SCIENCE, Issue 7 2002
Satoshi Okada
Determination of the histological type of epithelial ovarian cancer is clinically important to predict patient prognosis. To estimate accurately the chromosomal regions that frequently show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in each histological type, LOH at 55 loci on 38 chromosomal arms was examined by means of laser capture microdissection and PCR-LOH analysis in 45 epithelial ovarian cancers composed of clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA), serous adenocarcinoma (SEA), endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EMA) and mucinous adenocarcinoma (MUA). In addition, p53 (exons 5,8) gene mutations and the nuclear immunoreactivity of p53 proteins in these tumors were examined by PCR-SSCP and immunohistochemistry. In CCA, LOH was detected primarily on 1p (69%) followed by 19p (45%) and 11q (43%). On the other hand, in SEA, LOH was detected in at least 50% of cases on 1p, 4p, 5q, 6p, 8p, 9q, 12q, 13q, 15q, 16p, 17p, 17q, 18p, 18q, 19p, 20p and Xp. The incidences of LOH on 5q, 12q, 13q and 17p were significantly lower in CCA than in SEA (P=0.019, 0.031, 0.0035 and 0.012). EMA showed a tendency for frequent LOH on 7p, whereas MUA showed significantly high occurrence of LOH at 17p13.1. The incidences of p53 mutation and p53 nuclear immunoreactivity also differed between CCA and SEA: 0% and 7% in the former and 64% and 45% in the latter (P=0.0006 and 0.039). These findings clarify that there are differences in LOH distribution patterns among different histological subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. In CCA, p53 tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) is not involved in carcinogenesis and tumor-suppressor genes located on 1p are considered to play an important role in tumor development. [source]

Loss of heterozygosity and transcriptome analyses of a 1.2 Mb candidate ovarian cancer tumor suppressor locus region at 17q25.1-q25.2

MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS, Issue 3 2005
Nadège Presneau
Abstract Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was performed in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) to further characterize a previously identified candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) region encompassing D17S801 at chromosomal region 17q25.1. LOH of at least one informative marker was observed for 100 (71%) of 140 malignant EOC samples in an analysis of 6 polymorphic markers (cen - D17S1839 - D17S785 - D17S1817 - D17S801 - D17S751 - D17S722 - tel). The combined LOH analysis revealed a 453 kilobase (Kb) minimal region of deletion (MRD) bounded by D17S1817 and D17S751. Human and mouse genome assemblies were used to resolve marker inconsistencies in the D17S1839 - D17S722 interval and identify candidates. The region contains 32 known and strongly predicted genes, 9 of which overlap the MRD. The reference genomic sequences share nearly identical gene structures and the organization of the region is highly collinear. Although, the region does not show any large internal duplications, a 1.5 Kb inverted duplicated sequence of 87% nucleotide identity was observed in a 13 Kb region surrounding D17S801. Transcriptome analysis by Affymetrix GeneChip® and reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods of 3 well characterized EOC cell lines and primary cultures of normal ovarian surface epithelial (NOSE) cells was performed with 32 candidates spanning D17S1839 - D17S722 interval. RT-PCR analysis of 8 known or strongly predicted genes residing in the MRD in 10 EOC samples, that exhibited LOH of the MRD, identified FLJ22341 as a strong candidate TSG. The proximal repeat sequence of D17S801 occurs 8 Kb upstream of the putative promoter region of FLJ22341. RT-PCR analysis of the EOC samples and cell lines identified DKFZP434P0316 that maps proximal to the MRD, as a candidate. While Affymetrix technology was useful for initially eliminating less promising candidates, subsequent RT-PCR analysis of well-characterized EOC samples was essential to prioritize TSG candidates for further study. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Granulosa cell tumours of the ovary

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Puliyath GEETHA
Granulosa cell tumours are rare, potentially malignant sex cord stromal tumours of the ovary. They are unique in their presentation and histological features. Many of them are hormone-producing and this property helps them to present early unlike other epithelial ovarian cancers. As a result, most of them will be in an early stage at the time of initial diagnosis. The tumour can manifest in young girls as a juvenile form and conservative management with unilateral salpingo-opherectomy may be an option in them as 95% are unilateral. Surgery is the treatment of choice and initial staging laparatomy a determinant recurrence. Advance stage of the tumour, its size (>5 cm), mitotic figures (>10/hpf), nuclear atypia and absence of call-exner bodies are poor prognostic factors. Such tumours are characterised by late recurrences and this necessitates a prolonged follow-up. Tumour markers such as inhibin and estradiol are useful in follow-up. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone replacement therapy have very little role in the initial treatment and may be suggested in case of recurrences. With appropriate treatment, a better survival rate can be achieved as against other ovarian malignancies. Methods used for locating, selecting and synthesising data:, A search of Medline and Cochrane data base for the period from 1999 to 2010 was carried out to include relevant systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomised controlled and other clinical and rare case reports. The date of the last search was January 2010. [source]

Fertility preservation in young women with epithelial ovarian cancer

CANCER, Issue 18 2009
Jason D. Wright MD
Abstract BACKGROUND: Surgical management of ovarian cancer consists of hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. In young women, this results in the loss of reproductive function and estrogen deprivation. In the current study, the authors examined the safety of fertility-conserving surgery in premenopausal women with epithelial ovarian cancers. METHODS: Women aged ,50 years with stage IA or IC epithelial ovarian cancer who were registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were examined. Patients who underwent bilateral oophorectomy were compared with those who underwent ovarian conservation. A second analysis examined uterine conservation versus hysterectomy. Multivariate Poisson regression models were developed to describe predictors of fertility preservation. Survival was examined using Cox proportional hazards models and the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: In total, 1186 women, including 754 women (64%) who underwent bilateral oophorectomy and 432 women (36%) who underwent ovarian preservation, were identified. Younger age, later year of diagnosis, and residence in the eastern or western United States were associated with ovarian preservation (P < .05 for all). Women with endometrioid and clear cell histologies and stage IC disease were less likely to have ovarian conservation (P < .05). In a Cox model, ovarian preservation had no effect on survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.20). Young age, later year of diagnosis, residence in the eastern or western United States, single women, mucinous tumors, and patients with stage IA disease were more likely to have uterine preservation (P < .05 for all). In a multivariate model, uterine preservation had no effect on survival (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.62-1.22). CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian and uterine-conserving surgery were safe in young women who had stage IA and IC epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society. [source]

CA-125 change after chemotherapy in prediction of treatment outcome among advanced mucinous and clear cell epithelial ovarian cancers,

CANCER, Issue 7 2009
A Gynecologic Oncology Group study
Abstract BACKGROUND: There are limited data regarding unique clinical or laboratory features associated with advanced clear cell (CC) and mucinous (MU) epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), particularly the relationship between CA-125 antigen levels and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective review of 7 previously reported Gynecologic Oncology Group phase 3 trials in patients with stage III/IV EOC was conducted. A variety of clinical parameters were examined, including the impact of baseline and changes in the CA-125 level after treatment of CC and MU EOC on progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Clinical outcomes among patients with advanced CC and MU EOC were significantly worse when compared with other cell types (median PFS, 9.7 vs 7.0 vs 16.7 months, respectively, P < .001; median OS, 19.4 vs 11.3 vs 40.5 months, respectively, P < .001). Suboptimal debulking was associated with significantly decreased PFS and OS among both. Although baseline CA-125 values were lower in CC (median, 154 ,/mL) and MU (100 ,/mL), compared with other cell types (275 ,/mL), this level did not appear to influence outcome among these 2 specific subtypes of EOC. However, an elevated level of CA-125 at the end of chemotherapy was significantly associated with decreased PFS and OS (P < .01 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical debulking status is the most important variable at prechemotherapy predictive of prognosis among advanced CC and MU EOC patients. Changes in the CA-125 levels at the end treatment as compared with baseline can serve as valid indicators of PFS and OS, and likely the degree of inherent chemosensitivity. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society. [source]

Allelotype Analysis of Common Epithelial Ovarian Cancers with Special Reference to Comparison between Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma with Other Histological Types

In vitro three-dimensional modelling of human ovarian surface epithelial cells

CELL PROLIFERATION, Issue 3 2009
K. Lawrenson
Objectives:, Ninety percent of malignant ovarian cancers are epithelial and thought to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). We hypothesized that biological characteristics of primary OSE cells would more closely resemble OSE in vivo if established as three-dimensional (3D) cultures. Materials and methods:, OSE cells were cultured as multicellular spheroids (MCS) (i) in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) and (ii) on polyHEMA-coated plastics. The MCSs were examined by electron microscopy and compared to OSE from primary tissues and cells grown in 2D. Annexin V FACS analysis was used to evaluate apoptosis and expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was analysed by immunohistochemical staining. Results:, On polyHEMA-coated plates, OSE spheroids had defined internal architecture. RCCS MCSs had disorganized structure and higher proportion of apoptotic cells than polyHEMA MCSs and the same cells grown in 2D culture. In 2D, widespread expression of AE1/AE3, laminin and vimentin were undetectable by immunohistochemistry, whereas strong expression of these proteins was observed in the same cells grown in 3D culture and in OSE on primary tissues. Conclusions:, Physiological and biological features of OSE cells grown in 3D culture more closely resemble characteristics of OSE cells in vivo than when grown by classical 2D approaches. It is likely that establishing in vitro 3D OSE models will lead to greater understanding of the mechanisms of neoplastic transformation in epithelial ovarian cancers. [source]